考博英语语法重点总结 gn7pIoN
D`iWf3a.
独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 c~
@I1M
独立主格特征 dDAdZx d
1. 充当句子的状语。 :x= ZvAvo
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 _k
_F
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 |(Io(e
4. With + 名词 5Gg`+o
（代词） + 分词 (形容词） RQv`D&u_
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. Ywlym\
[+
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. [96|xe\s
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). v
='7 .A
真题剖析
mi i9eZ
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. DS-Kot(k(z
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because X=_N7!
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do.
`<q{8
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be D6c4tA^EO
虚拟语气 ( 8k3z`
虚拟语气（2）
P#" vlNa
1. （should）+动词原形 !)KX?i[Q
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 Mv
JEX8M
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 5>"-lB
&
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 Q{V|{yV^y
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 &Pgb Fy
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 应该有所行动，实际还没有行动 KGzBK :
would rather +动词过去式（宁愿已经做，其实没做）宁愿，，，就好了I would rather you were not married.(实际have married) Jc:*X4-'
真题剖析 =)(sN"%
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … \"5%w *vl
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t 8iR%?5 >K
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. gey`HhZp)
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded |'b=xeH.^<
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. k T!FC0E{
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take #*1\h=bzmW
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. dG
TAZ(1W
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) \c_1uDRoUn
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should \HV%5 79
非谓语动词 O83vPK
3
动名词、分词、不定式。 ^+Ec}+ Q
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) /@Y/(+DE
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) O5L B&s
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 }q)o LC
真题剖析 J}nE,U2
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. 7.hn @_
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops khyn4
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. ^kzw/. I{
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative CZS{^6Ye
主谓一致 . u>IjK^
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 [2a *TI
How you got there doesn’t concern me. 9P#E^;L
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. !=V>Dg mW
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 SYOND>E
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. KLGhsx35
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 XnHc
U=~q
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 ~ou*'
w@
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). !i&
^H,
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 D K}k||-
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. >%h_ R:
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) R+
lw OVX
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） ==F[5]?
He no less than John is interested in literature.
n4h@{Xg
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) Uvgv<OR`_
Either my father or my brothers are coming. WoHFt*e 2
8. each,every,many a（否定=no） , no …+主语，谓语用单数。 ,Drd s"H
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. N|EH`eu^i
真题剖析 -v e{O-;
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. g4cmYg3
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some !j#Z48=&
倒装 WBFG_])
全部倒装 Q/o !&&
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” kz\
D-b
There stand big buildings in this district. zM%I Lv4
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. m=b~Wf39
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) % <
D
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. dVmI.A'nbp
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 dPwe.:
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. 2T3v^%%j
4. 表语位于句首
|v#N
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. :[ z
=u
Not far from here is a famous university. :j)H;@[I
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 =G2D 4 >q
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. 4vq,W_n.hQ
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. 2qLRcA=R
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） ^UHt1[
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. -e_ IDE
部分倒装 &@u;xc| v
1. 疑问句 y
D g
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） <yz)iCU?
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. _doX&*9u
3. “only+状语”位于句首 teH $hd-q
Only when he comes back can be leave. %
\p:S)R
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 yb*P&si5bY
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. A ^@:Ps
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) DP **pf%j
By no means should you break the rules. _ Bm/v^(
At no time should we give in to difficulties. 6<jh0=$
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) 要是。。。。就好了 5RCQ<1
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” 3on]#/"1b
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. F!OVx<
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
