考博英语语法重点总结 $T* ##kyE9
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 ~@ a7RiE@
独立主格特征 Z- [nHSf
1. 充当句子的状语。 iw1((&^)"
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 [XFZ2
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3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 [?TQ!l} 8A
4. With + 名词 G"!YV #
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（代词） + 分词 (形容词） }gi>Z
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. =w &%29BYq
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. H -('!^
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). L'=e /&
真题剖析 ( 8+ _~_
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them.
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45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because w7\:S>;(O"
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. YLk; ^?
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be I 0ycLx
虚拟语气 5x W)nEV
虚拟语气（2） J {72% S
1. （should）+动词原形 [o&Vr\.$
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 }8Wp X2U
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 :6LOb f\01
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 .UbmU^y|
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 G[u_Uu=>
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 应该有所行动，实际还没有行动 G 8|[.n
would rather +动词过去式（宁愿已经做，其实没做）宁愿，，，就好了I would rather you were not married.(实际have married) #FF5xe
真题剖析 R7T"fN
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … E*Vx^k$
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t 4@#1G* OO
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. Y5L ESZWo
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded Rf 2/[
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. `g% ]z@'+?
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take o)n8,k&nm
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. !Dkz6B*
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) M
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54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should Bt,qG1>$-
非谓语动词 ;3\F b 3d
动名词、分词、不定式。 f4s[R0l
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) 9}X3Q!i Fb
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) Ndi'b_Sh\
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 M@!Gk
真题剖析 k}>l+_*+7
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. SiojOH
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops m'k`
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(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. c%pW'UE&
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative K1O/>dN_\O
主谓一致 ~QBf78@Gf
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 S,AZrgh,"X
How you got there doesn’t concern me. hv*n";V
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. f;u;hQxs
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 pzU">)
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. mm#U a/~1u
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 3}g?d/^E3
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 s>~&: GUwR
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). JPQ02&e
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 >;xEzc!W3*
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. Cy6[p
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) =q
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6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） ~ezCE4^&
He no less than John is interested in literature. Rz= ]KeZu
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) rLL;NTN+/
Either my father or my brothers are coming. $<s@S;Ri
8. each,every,many a（否定=no） , no …+主语，谓语用单数。 t 1C{
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. iT^lk'?{O
真题剖析 ^"buF\3L
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. 6w 1:3~a
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some [c86 b
倒装 ui 2RTAb
全部倒装 %< j=&
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” bjT 0Fi0-
There stand big buildings in this district. 3J,/bgL5
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. 9 oq(5BG,
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) :He:Bdk
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. yp*kMC,3
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 HYg _{
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. $(CHwG-
4. 表语位于句首 sg6 cq_\
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. xq~=T:>/A
Not far from here is a famous university. 5~[ Fh2+
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 @~N#)L^
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. lJYv2EZ
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. 6|jE3rHw
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） z.H `a+cl
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. d,0pNav)
部分倒装 pEaH^(I*
1. 疑问句 S7SPc
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） [R:O'AP}@}
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. ftH
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3. “only+状语”位于句首 ^al
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Only when he comes back can be leave. ^a
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4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 g,W#3b6>j
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. j68Gz5;j
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) :m~lgb<
By no means should you break the rules. .s9Iymz
At no time should we give in to difficulties. LpiLk| 2i
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) 要是。。。。就好了 pKJ[e@E
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7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” v m$v[
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. gI%n(eY
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
