一、动词形 <K4`GT"n
主要包括两类错误:动词的时态和语态错误,以及主、谓不一致的错误。 :(tSL{FO
例如: 2}`Q9?
My favourite sport is football. I was member of our school football team. (is) N!" ]e*q
Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. (are) {MX_t/o=f
上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念,注意短文内容发生或存在的时间,保持时间概念的一致性。 Zur7"OkQ
二、名词数 Q]X0O10
指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。 9D74/3b*
例如:…so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject. (subjects)
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三、区分形和副 pKK&+umg
及区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。 .UNh\R?r
例如: {m5tgVi&
I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (wonderful) /_~b~3
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Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunately) #sit8k`GR8
需要注意的是,形容词多用来做定、表、补语等,而副词只能在句子中作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的wonderful作定语修饰time,第二句的Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。 G3QB Rh{
四、非谓动词细辨别 B.fL
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这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误,也包括不定式类错误。 }%k,PYe/
例如: @~6A9Fr
…in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interested) )f#@`lf[<
Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also … (playing) 2D-ogSIo
My parents love me… and will do all they can ∧ make sure… (to) Z5~dU{XsT
上述二、三例分别是动名词作主语,和不定式作目的状语。一般的,现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义,而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义,不定式有将来时态的含义。 ~D@pk>I
五、习惯用法要记住 V M[9!:
主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识,其错误表现形式主要有三种:多词、少词和搭配错误。 cqeId&Cg
例如: vj0`[X
It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and… (of) Q(m} Sr
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We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves. (of) }|f\'S
六、句子成分多分析 [ d<|Cde
不同的句子成分要用不同的词类;不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析,才能找出用词不当的错误。 %_+9y??
例如: l ,)l"6OV
They ∧eager to know everything about China and… (were) `9Ngax=_
I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (which) G1B~?i2$ ?
第一例漏掉了谓语动词were,这是受寒于习惯的影响而导致的错误;第二例则是词类与它在句子中的成分不相符,where是副词,不能作主语。 _J&u{
七、逻辑错误须关注 lj%8(X u
与句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴,人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误,常是这类错误的考查对象。 ?zUV3Qgzj
例如: hXS'*vO"
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (their) &nn!{S^
First, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉more) [K13Jy+
… no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead. (everyone) lsW.j#yE!
上述第一例中的主语是Smiths(史密斯夫妇俩),因此后面的his不合逻辑。第二例中的more在这儿表“再”的意思,才开始告诉别人,怎么能说“再告诉你一些事”?第三例讲的是为了解决看电视时的争端,“我们”把电视机卖了;晚上没电视看了,所以与从前一样,大家又都读书了,所以该用everyone。 l>"gO9j
除了上述错误类型外,常考的错误形式还有:连词but, and, or和so的用法错误(可以归类为逻辑错误),以及冠词的用法错误等。例如: U._ U!U
She was smiling but nodding at me. (and) _ %&"4bm.
It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. (or) =Cs$0aA
We may be one family and live under a same roof. (the) [gzU/: