填空题常考结构 ]TQjk{X<
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一、主句单一原则 U[ed#9l>
任何一个句子中只可能有一个主句。 ; -3M
做题时考生需要首先判断原题中已经给出的句子结构,如果已经有一个主句,那么就绝对不能够再出现另一个主句,除非中间有连接词进行联系。 D4G{= Y}G
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例1:--, work songs often exhibit the song culture of a people in a fundamental form. W{%M+a[#l
(A) They occur where they are L.5GX 29
(B) Occuring where w v1R
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(C) Where they occur `bi5#xR
(D) Where do they occur =<<\Uo
分析:空格后面是一个主句,(A)为带有从句的主句,空格后又是主句,有两个主句一定错。 P++gR@
C为地点状语从句,正确(劳动歌曲发生的地方)。 54k
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例2: --Indiana, is in a rich farming and dairy area, it is primarily a diversified industrial center Gce![<|ph
(A) Fort Wayne (Fu9lW}n
(B) Although Fort Wayne $wBUu
(C) For wayne is in , v R4x:W
(D) Fort Wayne, in I?1^\s#L
分析:空格后有两个谓语动词但中间没有连接词,由此可知,最后一句话是一个主句,空格处应该有从句引导词,四个选项中只有(B)中although能引导从句,故选(B)。 !l}es4~.a
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二、谓语动词专一原则 u+ -}|
任何一个句子只可能存在一个谓语动词。
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句子中不可能没有谓语动词,也不能多于一个谓语动词(除非中间存在连接词)。 $+Xohtt
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例1:William Walker's mural, “Wall of Respect,” /u?^s "C/
-----an outdoor wall in Chicago, deals with bkV_ ^8
social issues. Tfj%Sb,zM
(A) covers M]oaWQu
(B) covers it ]":PO4M$*
(C) which covers &L_(yJ~-
(D) which it covers WzF/wzR
分析:空格后的deals with 是谓语动词,A, B是谓语形式, 和deals with 之间没有连接词,可先排除; D 中的it多余,因为在定语从句中which已经作了主语;C构成正确的定语从句 u-8,9
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例2:In copper engravings and etchings, -----caused h]I ^%7
by the edges of the plate is clearly visible on =ove#3
the paper. g$uj<"^
(A) the impression is ,XR1N$LN8_
(B) if the impression is :
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(C) impressions GP1b/n3F1
(D) the impression {"-uaH>,
分析:题目中的is是谓语,A,B中是谓语重复。C为复数名词,与后面的谓语动词is的数不一致,故也排除。因此选择D,caused.... 修饰impression m#ID%[hg$
三、平行结构 u`g|u:(r
技巧:如果填空题中空格的后面有and, 或者and后面有空格,那么这道题目一定是考察平行结构。
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填空题中平行结构出现的形式是: rQCj^=cf;~
A and B, =5J}CPKbZI
A , B, and C IvO#tI
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例1:The technique of recording, classifying, and-- 4 1q|R[js!
is known as accounting. :hC+r=!I
(A) an enterprise's transactions summary rjz$~(&m6
(B) the summarizing of an enterprise's c3lU
transactions w6aq/m"'
(C) transactions of an enterprise are OF-$*
summarized f<?v
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(D) summarizing the transactions of an ,#m:U5#h
enterprise @p"m{
分析:空格的后面是and, 一般考平行结构,空格处缺与前面recording、classifying并列的动名词。 GUSEbIz):
四个选项中只有(D)符合条件,故选(D)。 d0YDNP%,_
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例2:Louis T. Wright, a surgeon, developed 3RJsH:u8
ingenious orthopedic braces, --, and NCL!|
supervised the first use of Aureomycin on ^ZuwUuuf
human patients. O%}?DiSl
(A) treating skull fractures that he pioneered in db#svj*
(B) pioneered in treating skull fractures wNl{,aH
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(C) which pioneered in treating skull fractures t\S=u y
(D) he was a pioneer in the treatment of skull kn%i#Fz
fractures F#=M$j_
分析:空格后面是and, 空格处缺少和developed、supervised平行的谓语动词,因此选择(B)。 )xm[m vt
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四、宾语从句结构 P8[rp
宾语从句的引导词在前面的主从复合句中已经提到。 A1g.ww:
这里指出的是填空题中关于宾语从句考的最多的两个结构: XCvL`
state(陈述,表明)+that 4]G J+a
indicate(指明,表明)+that y90wLU9f
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例1:The quantum theory states --, such as light, m)Ta5w^
is given off and absorbed in tiny definite N1iP!m9Q
units called quanta or photons. YC[cQX
(A) energy that *q; u%; 4
(B) that it is energy j[CXIz?c
(C) it is energy z94#:jPmG
(D) that energy q?y-s
分析:空格前的谓语动词states一般接关系连词that引导的宾语从句,故首先排除C。空格后已有谓语动词,空格不应再出现谓语动词,因此D正确。 rHiBW!
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例2:Studies of the gravity field of the Earth 'pj*6t1~
indicate--yield when unusual weight is d k/f_m
placed on them. QpCTHpZ
(A) although its crust and mantle 7bk`u'0%
(B) its crust and mantle to (T!#7
(C) that its crust and mantle a(IUAh*mO
(D) for its crust and mantle to BdrYc^?JL]
分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词indicate的宾语。(A)和(D)不能作宾语,可首先排除。(B)使句子结构混乱、语义不清,因此选择(D),构成宾语从句。 qC6@
五、介词+ which结构 zJ)`snN|
许多同学在选择which还是介词+which上总是不太明白,这里有一个技巧可以告诉大家。 X2T
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“which”后面一定加一个缺主语或者宾语的句子, tH=jaFJ
因为“which”在这个句子中作了宾语或者主语成分。 BdB9M8fM
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“介词+ which”后面则跟一个完整的句子, 8.HJoos
因为”介词+which”整个结构在定语从句中作状语。 `m}G{ jfk
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例1:In the United States, a primary election is :28[k~.bo
a method ---- voters select the nominees yMEI^,0"
for public office. &D91bT+L
(A) that vRb7=fXf
(B)by which JFdMYb
(C)is that Z.`0
(D)by those xb2j
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分析:空格前后都是句子,因此缺从句引导词或连接词,首先排除C和D。 e=+q*]>
A能够引导从句,但是根据题意,修饰method是不通的。 .qLXjU
B是介词+which, 引导定语从句,(大选是一种方法,根据这个方法,选民怎么….);正确 =gC% =
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例2: Croquet is a popular lawn game ------ players X
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hit wooden balls through wire arches called \0K&2'
wickers. tr58J%Mu
(A) when wlQ
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(B) which cqaq~
(C) is when ]@m`bs_6
(D) in which e5D\m g)
分析:空格前后都是完整的句子,空格处缺定语从句引导词,由此首先排除(A)和(C)。但是到底是选择B还是D,则看从句,从句是完整的句子,那么一定选择D, 关系代词which 前应该有介词。 )Fw#]~Z
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六、in that结构 >U.7>K
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在表示“原因”概念的引导词中, (G~M E>
because of +名词, kkJ8xyO
consequently是副词 4b+_|kYb
而“in that”是原因状语的引导词。 e0]#vqdO
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例1:Mercury differs from other industrial metals Jpy~5kS
---- it is a liquid. qeC^e}h
(A) whereas 3[@:I^q
(B) in that y4VO\N!
(C) because of 3v&Shb?xb;
(D) consequently |WNI[49
分析:空格前后都是完整的句子,空格处显然缺从句引导词。C、D不能引导从句,可以首先排除。 KO/#t~
根据题意,两个句子之间是因果关系而不是对比关系,故选(B)。in that为复合连词,用来引导原因状语从句。 7%&e4