过去完成时
JU"!qXQr a. She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
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a b. 状语从句
;r`[6[A G 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
ZtB0:'o; When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
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V9$ P) c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
:*4yR46 We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
~tz[=3!1H drN^-e 3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
lOZ.{0{f, He said that he had learned some English before.
9]hc{\ By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
,`H=%# Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
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Z 典型例题
^hZwm8G the students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
GDOaZ i A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
nA+[[(6 答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此
GK\'m@k 前一句应用过去进行时。
J$'T2@H# ^S , "i V 注意： had no … when 还没等…… 就……
qf7.Sh had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
U6_1L,W He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
(-"A5(X:/ 用于现在完成时的句型
U>X06T 93YD\R+q 36lIV,YnU 1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
)vPce It is the first time that I have visited the city.
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u S9 It was the third time that the boy had been late.
9:@os0^O I] 2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
zJ &
qR This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
S w(%j1uL 这是我看过的最好的电影。
u1nv' \* This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
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`cZG& R 典型例题
mM}|x~\R (1) ---Do you know our town at all?
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n) ---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
s?_b[B d A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
XFBk:~}sI 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。
crvWAsm R~c(^.|r (2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
L 8Z?B\ ---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
Ha 3XH_ A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
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- 7JDE> 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。
|,yS>kjp 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
<[pU rJfTr （错）I have received his letter for a month.
qo}kwwWN; （对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
g%\e80~1 ( :I&iDS>u1 独立主格结构的特点：
Pu*st=KGB 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
auGt>,Zj\Q 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。
A 4&e# 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
Rx'7tff%I 举例：
xr6Q5/p1 the test finished, we began our holiday.
wvq<5gy} = When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
*w%;$\^ 考试结束了，我们开始放假。
OB"QWdh ~" $9auQtC the president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
b < [eBXe = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
uM4,_)L 总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
:F<a~_k xt`znNN ^Xb!dnT.*a Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
! $d:k|b 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
@-MrmF)<U This done, we went home.
7,O^c + 工作完成后，我们才回家。
9ge$)q@3 X5<L >|rL0 the meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
i:z A( 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
?9PNCd3$d 0\ gE^=o[ oiR` \uY He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
s&tr84u| 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。
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iE3j!q He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
Dk7"#q@kx 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
