加入VIP 上传考博资料 您的流量 增加流量 考博报班 每日签到
   
主题 : 高分语法讲解2
级别: 中级博友
显示用户信息 
楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

高分语法讲解2

考点四 名词(词组)作定语 #"ftI7=42  
名词修饰名词作定语的现象在英语中也屡见不鲜, 此时前面的名词相当于形容词的作用, 只是依英语习惯决定究竟用名词还是形容词作定语, TOEFL有少量题涉及这一问题 ]{ d[  
这样的词语有:word order(词序), taxi driver(出租车司机)等 QI!F6pGF  
例题: +"ueq  
(1) XYH|;P6K  
Situated in the heart of a grain-farming and livestock-raising region, Abilene, Kansas, e/8z+H^H  
 A                       B @+Y8*Rj\3  
is a prosperous trading and distribute center. :+%Zh@u\  
   C         D o:Zd1"Z  
答案: D 7dX/bzUVz8  
应改为: distribution/ distributing. AY SSa 1}  
解释: 动词distribute不能修饰名词center,可改用名词或分词, 但此题中名词distribution作定语更符合英文习惯 3I|3wQ&#(  
(2) Qpt&3_   
Acrylic paint enables artists to experiment with many colors effects. _J]2~b  
   A  B      C         D 8z<r.joxC  
答案: D gLL\F1|0x  
应改为: color &*&?0ov^"  
解释: 此处名词color作effects的定语无需用复数, 意为色彩效果 3|rn] yZ  
S='syq>Aok  
3,);0@I  
第二章 形容词 R< zG^m  
!RlC~^ -  
形容词即strong, attractive等描述性的词汇,在句中主要作定语修饰名词,同时还可作表语、宾语补足语等成分 AaN"7.Z/  
M;Wha;%E"  
第一节 形容词修饰名词  uu%?K@Qq  
W3Ulewa  
形容词最主要的功能就是修饰名词,如:modern art, electric current, great responsibility;这一考点在TOEFL改错题占有相当的比例,几乎每套题都包含一道以上的题目考形容词修饰名词,主要形式是将本应该使用形容词的位置误用为名词、副词等 2D([Z-<i  
例题: kDB iBNdB  
(1) \,sg)^w@  
The human body relies on certainty nutrients for its survival. ,fnsE^}.U  
       A  B   C          D 5]7&IDA]]9  
答案:C 3D)b*fPc  
应改为:certain. WwW^[k (X  
解释:certainty是名词, 意为确定性, 不能修饰名词, 改为形容词certain, 表示某些 X^< >6|)  
(2) "A]Y~iQ  
Textile art is known for both its tactile and vision qualities. &-GuKH(Y<  
  A       B         C   D 5#_tE<uM  
答案:C H2E b\v`#  
应改为:visual. 9B)lGLL}q  
解释:vision是名词, 不能修饰名词qualities, 要用它的形容词 V2yveNz\7  
注意1:大多数形容词既可以做定语也可以做表语, 有少数形容词一般情况下只能做表语, 比较下面两句话: ;IC 'Gq  
The man was awake. HR3_@^<7  
There was an awake man. (此句错误, awake不能做定语) aed+C:N  
这类形容词包括: alone, afraid, alike, alert, aware, alive, ashamed, content, unable *\LyNL(  
例题: .^XH uN&  
(1) p(7QAd4  
Many television newscasters make the public an eyewitness to the news by means (G8  
     A                 B        C w3#`1T`N  
of on-the-spot, alive reports. yL"i  
       D .v,bXU$@YG  
答案: D >%c* Xe  
应改为:live (adj. 现场的, 实况转播的) d,R6` i  
解释:alive不能做定语, 只能做表语,所以应该改为live reports (现场报道) feCqbWq:  
(2) S+FQa7k  
Alike ethnographers, ethnohistorians make systematic observations, but they also a9[<  ^  
 A              B               C RqGVp?   
gather data from documentary and oral sources. dYyW]nZ&  
                 D [EGx  
答案: A pb$fb  
应改为:like sPpS~wk*  
解释:alike不能做定语, 只能做表语; alike/like 是TOEFL改错中常考的考点 gUGOHd(A  
注意2:形容词词组修饰名词时要发生后置现象, 避免产生头重脚轻的感觉. WW3  B  
如:a room bare of furniture, the form dependent of the contents等, (zmNa}-  
注意3:形容词修饰名词的语序也是TOEFL考点之一。 当多个形容词(甚至包括指示代词, 冠词和所有格)并列放置于名词之前时, 它们之间就存在着谁排在前面, 谁排在后面的问题, cDO:'-  
一般来说:这个排序的规则是: wA r~<  
冠词(a, an, the)/所有格(my, your等)/指示代词(this, that等) + 数量形容词 + 描述性形容词 + 名词 tzNaw %\  
如: two young American students M@~ o6^  
    my three red pencils OT+Ee  
第二节 比较级 Q)+Y}  
英文中形容词在进行比较时需变为比较级,主要有两种形式: _vIO !*h0  
在词尾加-er (单音节形容词),如:fast-faster, large-larger, busy-busier, big-bigger等; {~nvs4X  
或在词前加more (多音节形容词),如:more useful, more complex等 IM$0#2\  
少数词比较级形式特殊,如:good(well)-better, bad(ill)-worse, many(much)-more, little-less, far-farther(更远的)/further(更进一步的), `A"Q3sf%  
:;_#5  
/4H[4m]I  
考点一 含有标志词than {WKOJG+.  
1.最常见的比较级句式是由连词than引导比较的对象, 5&G 5eA  
如:It takes less time to go there by air than by train. YnD#p[Wo^  
  She possesses more books than I do. v\'r Xy  
  He is more intelligent than I expected. lY->ucS %P  
than可视为比较级的标志词,在填空题中, enPLaiJ'|q  
空后含有than的, 通常空格处需要填比较级, jjX%$Hr  
空格前含有比较级的,通常空格处需要填than引导的从句。 f^u^-l  
例题: WT?b Bf  
(1) H lF}   
Maine has ---- weather than most of the other states in the continental United States. %awVVt{aG  
(A) coolest ret0z|  
(B) the coolest L=,Y1nO:p  
(C) cooler \.kTe<.:_  
(D) the cooler rWqkdi1  
答案:A srsK:%`  
解释:标志词than意味着应用比较级,A, B可先排除;D多the; 只有A正确 VOg/VGJ  
(2) fWd~-U0M^  
Pennsylvania has the most institutions of higher learning than any other state has. -`Da`ml  
           A   B              C     D `(!W s\ :  
答案:A ot]>}[  
应改为:more \ibCR~W4  
解释:标志词than表明此句应用比较级,而不是最高级 y{YXf! AS  
2.为避免重复,than之后的从句中有些成分可以省略,只把相比的部分突出出来: )-)ss"\+Ju  
情况1: 用指示代词that, those来代替省略的部分, y-%nJD$  
如:The population of China is much larger than that of Great Britain. DL %S(l  
   (that 指代the population) ~."!l'a  
  His designs won more acclaim than those of his fellow colleagues. 1 pa*T!  
   (those 指代 designs) :m]/u( /N  
情况2: 在省略的过程中,若than之后从句的谓语部分相同, 比较的是主语部分, 那么谓语部分通常用助动词do来代替, 并且习惯上将从句主语和助动词倒装 (do + 主语) W)|c[Q\  
如:The actors usually capture greater attention than do the playwrights who may B%TXw#|  
    probably contribute more to the success of a play.  V+peO  
例题: D~5yj&&T;  
Mammals have a larger, more well-developed brain ---- other animals. 45?*:)l:  
(A) than do ~5FS|[1L  
(B) that are having ~g*Y, Y  
(C) which have +ylxezc  
(D) that do Q^*G`&w,  
答案:A L[CU  
解释:空格前出现了形容词比较级,空格后是比较对象,应由than连接,选项中只有A符合条件,其中由助动词do引起了一个小倒装 /&*m1EN#o  
g@<sU0B  
考点二 (not) so /as…as <\E"clZI  
比较级特殊句式(not)so/as…as 表示“如同……一样、不如……”等意思,其结构和than句式相仿,但as…as之间的形容词必须用原形,而且as…as必须搭配使用, : : F!   
如:It is as good as it looks. BPwI8\V  
  The boss is not so bad-tempered as you have described. jK\V|5k  
填空题中常给出句子的一部分(第一个as),要求填出相搭配的部分(第二个as),一定要形成对这种搭配句式的敏感。 ;3 G~["DA  
例题: <P|`7wfxE  
(1) 1y},9ym  
The best way to control rats is by seeing that they have as ----. >{j,+$%kp  
(A) possibly little nourishment K?5B>dv@A  
(B) nourishment possibly little A)hq0FPp  
(C) little as possible nourishment gV<0Hj  
(D) little nourishment as possible H;b8I  
答案:D Zx}N Fcn  
解释:空格处需要动词have的宾语,同时包含as…as句式,A、B都缺少与as搭配的结构,C语序有误,均可排除。D中as…as possible, 为固定用法, 意为“尽可能”. +L^A:}L(  
(2) @`w'   
There is evidence that prehistoric humans used fire ---- 400,000 B.C. 66I|0_  
(A) so early &_< VZS  
(B) the earliest 2>!_B\%)H  
(C) as early as cxtLy&C  
(D) so early that E9yFREvQc  
答案:C X)`(nj  
解释:依句意空格处需要“早在”这一意思的正确表达,只有C符合题意,用的是比较级特殊句式as...as wm); aWP  
mr:kn0  
考点三 the same…as xB?S#5G}  
此句式也常用来表示“和……一样”,the same和as既可连用,也可分开使用, 4q\.I +r^  
如:She looks just the same as before. p<Zs*  @  
  I got the same feeling as you did. fOqS|1rC  
改错题中常将此句式误用为the same…like /than, 要练就一双火眼金睛将其识别出来 7sQ]w   
例题: L eG7x7n  
(1) >uBV  
Meadowlarks are about the same size than robins, but they have heavier bodies, .nj?;).  
         A       B          C kWZ/ej  
shorter tails, and longer bills. 8\qCj.>S  
            D <Dt /Rad  
答案:B l|@/?GaH  
应改为:as. "TBQNWZ  
解释:the same as是固定搭配, 表示“与...一样” 4 |:Q1  
(2) `nd#< w>  
Due to sophisticated transportation networks, people can now buy the same types of ^DW#  
  A                 B    ^7ea6G"  
perishable goods in Toronto like in New York City. @e.OU(Bf  
   C          D V e$5w}a4  
答案:D j61BP8E  
应改为:as } #\;np  
解释:与the same相搭配的只有as, like不行 Q.pEUDq/  
GvZa c  
考点四 the more…,the more… /XWPN(JC?  
此句式常表示“越……越……”,more在此处泛指比较级,此句式的特点是前后两句以逗号隔开,句子结构平行,而且谓语动词一致时,为避免重复常进行省略, X]JpS  
如:The more she slept, the less comfortable she felt. #q~3c;ec  
  The greater the size, the easier it is for you to spot. . yK\&q[<  
填空题中常需填入两个分句之一,因此看到the more结构,要注意选与其结构相近的另一半the more句式 h9Tf@]W   
例题: RB lOTQjv  
(1) [x$eF~Kp  
The greater the population there is in a locality, ----for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse. rB.=f[aX[  
(A) the greater the need there is I |<+'G  
(B) greater need XvA0nEi  
(C) is there great need #czyr@  
(D) the great need }QWTPRn  
答案:A PNxVW  
解释:这是典型的 “the more…, aiR|.opIb  
Ew?/@KAV\  
j^aQ>(t(9  
the more…” 句式, 意为 “越…, 越…” 其逗号前后两部分结构要平行, 而且后一句可以不倒装, A 完全符合要求. C D 都缺少此固定句式所要求的第二个比较级; B 少定冠词the. 此句亦可改写为: If there is greater population in a locality, there will be greater need for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse. h-2E 9Z  
(2) 2#n$x*CY  
The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body of a runner, ---- to the body. !dbA (  
(A) the stress it is greater uwH)/BW)[  
(B) greater is the stress I7G\X#,iz  
(C) greater stress is XZep7d}  
(D) the greater the stress G3_mWppH  
答案:D pzt Zb  
解释:此句涉及比较级的特殊句式the more..., the more..., 此句式要求前后结构平行,当谓语一致时,后面的可省略,符合要求的只有D vYMbson}  
VH7iH|eW  
考点五 no longer /not…any longer 3Q*RR"3  
no longer /not…any longer和no more/not…any more都表示“不再……”, ltr;pc*)  
如:He no longer smokes. / He doesn't smoke any longer. *(\;}JF-  
注意no longer /not…any longer不要混用,no more /not…any more同理,这一句式在改错题中出现。 }lNu f u  
例题: )HzITsFZKT  
(1) [#Nx>RY  
  Although it is any longer the big business that it was in the forties, radio ~U7\ LBF  
          A           B      XJxs4a1[t  
 continues to be a medium of essential communication, especially at the local level. (;2J(GZ:$U  
    C                           D LHHDt<+B  
答案:A y`B!6p 5j  
应改为:no longer. QnP?;  
解释:根据句意此处应为否定“不再是 ...”,英文中有两种方式表达此意, no longer / not...any longer, 此句只能采用前者, 若用后者语序应为: it is not the big business that it was in the forties any longer
评价一下你浏览此帖子的感受

精彩

感动

搞笑

开心

愤怒

无聊

灌水

  
级别: 中级博友
显示用户信息 
沙发  发表于: 2007-09-22   
周一继续
描述
快速回复

验证问题:
4+6=? 正确答案:10
按"Ctrl+Enter"直接提交