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华科大2011英语考博题
2011年招收博士研究生入学考试试题 Po~ u-5
考试科目： 英语 c`F~vr r)X
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2011年四月考博试题作文 'ot,6@~x>
The significance of Spring Festival Gala. Sh]g]x R
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这是07年的真题。 ",pN.<F9O
# m& O M% w* X, X1 ^% M$ i9 N考博论坛Part I Cloze (0.5x20=10%)考博,考博网,考博论坛,免费考博论坛,免费考博网站,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,考博.中国,freekaobo.com) I F- Q& a- G9 x) ^ T VuDK
Directions: In this part you are asked to choose the best word for each blank in the passage. Write your answers on the answer sheet. }gf s
3 D5 L5 d6 i+ R$ A考博论坛 In Switzerland, six miles west of Geneva, lies a collection of laboratories and buildings, and, 1 curious of all, a circular mound of 2 more than 650 feet in diameter. This cluster has unique importance. It is Europe’s 3 atomic city dedicated to 4 the atom for peaceful purposes. ^< }>]F_
M* R* Z" ^8 q3 N1 s5 T考博论坛 The strange buildings 5 the European Council for Nuclear Research, more popularly known, from 6 French initials, as CERN. The council was 7 when a handful of statesmen and scientific experts 8 in Paris in 1950. Their aim was to “ 9 an organization providing for co-operation among European states 10 nuclear research of a pure scientific and fundamental character.” #Fl5]> |
6 e6 l; Q6 d" M! ?/ U考博论坛|免费考博社区:最早最大的中文考博论坛,考博.中国,freekaobo.com The CERN agreement was 11 in 1953, and work on the atomic city began in 1954. today CERN’s 12 are among the most modern and the most diversified in the world. 13 as the scientific aspect may be, the real significance of CERN may lie 14 the thousand people ——the scientists, lab workers, and administrative 15 drawn from the fourteen member nations —— 16 populate it. British engineers work 17 with Swiss electricians and Yugoslav nuclear physicists. The 18 languages are French and English, with German an unofficial third. But BERN is 19 tower of Babel —— the language of science is 20 and all-embracing. 2 I" ~! i H4 s( ~2 V s-- \<v
1. A. best B. chiefly C. most D. mostly #Is/j =
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0 m! E9 p! V% w- T3. A. one and best B. one and only C. one and an D. one and merely {|jrYU.k~
" A2 j8 q+ ^! V8 V ^www.freekaobo.com4. A. investigation B. being investigated C. investigate D. investigating '/h~O@R w
0 e$ Z" s9 F& A7 M' g2 v5. A. work with B. belong to C. consist of D. are located in7 n6 R' O$ W! d0 ]- d+ J 4raKhN"
6. A. his B. their C. its D. those Ho FFce7
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8 x$ z d6 ~1 S J8. A. joined B. developed C. met D. met with 0D\b;ju<
1 \: A9 D5 Q3 s1 T) C7 \; |1 I9. A. found B. put up C. build D. establish h
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* q5 o$ m2 ~) z0 _考博论坛11. A. sealed B. signed C. secured D. settled x D(RjL+
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13. A. Impressionistic B. Impressing C. Impressed D. Impressive 0(
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16. A. whoever B. who C. which D. whatever考博,考博网,考博论坛,免费考博论坛,免费考博网站,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,考博.中国,freekaobo.com# {; T3 A; s" c/ A, y; \ TC2gl[
17. A. side by side B. back to back C. heart to heart D. face to face o ` !7 ~n
2 K5 Y7 t/ i4 a考博论坛18. A. living B. authentic C. official D. real R
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20. A. worldwide B. infinite C. universal D. comprehensive I>]t% YKj
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Part II. Reading comprehension (20x2=40%)4 c; `, z" }, p5 A- } g;> M{)A
Directions: There are four passages in this part. After each passage, there are five questions. You are to choose the best answer for each question. Write your answers on the answer sheet. f
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Disease is a fluid concept influenced by societal and cultural attitudes that change diachronically in response to new scientific and medical discoveries. Historically, doctors defined a disease according to a cluster of symptoms, and as their clinical descriptions became more sophisticated, they started to classify diseases into separate groups, so that from this medical taxonomy came new insights into disease etiology. Before the 20th century, schizophrenia and syphilitic insanity were treated as the same disease, but by early 1900 it became evident that psychoses without associated dementia represented a separate disease for which the term schizophrenia was then coined. The definition of schizophrenia continues to evolve from the psychiatric disease of the 1960s to an illness with a suspected genetic etiology, though the existence of such an etiology remains uncertain. While an optimistic hunt is still on for the genes involved, we must continue to define schizophrenia in terms of the presence or absence of “positive” and “negative” symptoms. ql Uw;{;p
; J4 `% O8 u4 w4 X! O2 M, j# H考博,考博网,考博论坛,免费考博论坛,免费考博网站,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,考博.中国,freekaobo.com Labeling someone as diseased, however, has enormous individual, social, financial, and physical implications, for irrespective of disease symptoms, the label itself may lead to significant distress. Individuals with asymptomatic conditions, including genetic variations, may be perceived by themselves or others as having a disease. It is not that labeling someone as diseased is always positive——---it does have severe ramifications, affecting decisions to have children or resulting in unjust treatment by life, medical, and disability insurers——---but it can be beneficial, legitimizing symptoms, clarifying issues of personal responsibility, and improving accessibility to health care. Nevertheless, deviations from normal that are not associated with risk should not be considered synonymous with disease. Two schools————-nominalist and essentialist or reductionist————--have debated the clinical criteria used to label a patient as diseased. Nominalists label symptoms with a disease name, such as schizophrenia, and do not offer an explanation of the underlying etiology, while essentialists contend that for every disease there is an underlying pathological etiology, and now argue that the essential lesion defining the disease state is a genetic abnormality. ATeXOe
/ k5 W1 k5 O, Z, B* z" L& H! r考博,考博网,考博论坛,免费考博论坛,免费考博网站,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,考博.中国,freekaobo.com It has been suggested that diseases defined according to the essentialist tradition may be precisely wrong, whereas those defined in the nominalist traditional may be roughly accurate. But in labeling a disease state, we must consider both the phenotype (symptoms) or the genotype (genetic abnormality), for adverse consequences, while the latter helps suggest specific genetic or pharmacologic therapies. Thus, both clinical criteria and genetic abnormalities should be used to define a disease state, and the choice of a disease definition will vary according to what one wishes to achieve, the genetic counseling of family members or the effective treatment of the patient. S[TJ{ L(
. M; e; |# }( a) y+ l! @考博论坛|免费考博社区:最早最大的中文考博论坛,考博.中国,freekaobo.com21. The author of the passage is primarily concerned with www.freekaobo.com1 P( K7 f6 z r5 E #&@qmps(T
A) proposing a return to a traditional taxonomical system www.freekaobo.com6 j0 C' D7 z) N7 ^. V S )6S
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22. It can be inferred that the author considers the way schizophrenia has been classified by doctors after 1960 to be an example of which of the following?考博,考博网,考博论坛,免费考博论坛,免费考博网站,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,考博.中国,freekaobo.com: \1 M9 o' l, @( G$ u; E L E15y>
A) A disease which resisted traditional methods of classification, but has been served well by modern methods of classification 8Ee bWs*1
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C) A disease which satisfies modern methods of classification best, but which scientists prefer to classify through a traditional method 考博,考博网,考博论坛,免费考博论坛,免费考博网站,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,考博.中国,freekaobo.com }' C8 S& G) x7 X; T "EoC7
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D) A disease which satisfies traditional methods of classification best, but which scientists prefer to classify through a modern method www.freekaobo.com3 k( ~4 f% V+ S6 U ;%1ob f 89
23. According to the passage, an adherent of the “nominalist school’ would classify a rare new fever in which of the following ways?考博论坛 l) C' l3 J" V2 M( t0 ? I5"ew=x#
A) She would wait until the disease appears in other patients, then classify it by establishing variations in their symptoms.考博论坛! W" y% S4 \* P) P* c 8F$b/Z
B) She would determine whether the disease is acquired or genetic, then classify it accordingly.) _7 l0 ]5 N3 o* z eQk ~YA] K
C) She would isolate the bacteria or virus or genetic anomaly which causes the disease, then classify it accordingly.考博,考博网,考博论坛,免费考博论坛,免费考博网站,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,考博.中国,freekaobo.com# v6 ?# ~% B' S, s# y$ n2 _, F LhZWK^!{S
D) She would describe the patient’s symptoms, compare them to patients who have had similar symptoms, then treat the pattern as a disease.考博,考博网,考博论坛,免费考博论坛,免费考博网站,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,考博.中国,freekaobo.com3 A$ n8 {5 R2 e' [9 o Z=O 2 tR
24. Which of the following best describes the function of the last paragraph in relation to the passage as a whole?& f G& F% ~2 v5 i lN,8(n?g
A) It summarizes the benefits that may accrue from a perfected system of pathological taxonomy.考博论坛/ f6 y/ c* D3 q7 }/ l5 Z6 } (K$K;f$"r
B) It provides additional reasons why pathological taxonomy is a difficult endeavor. n9;+RhxA
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4 ~ q# R% h8 Y考博论坛|免费考博社区:最早最大的中文考博论坛,考博.中国,freekaobo.com25. It can be inferred that which of the following situations is likely to be most problematic to an adherent of the “essentialist” method of pathological taxonomy?考博,考博网,考博论坛,免费考博论坛,免费考博网站,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,考博.中国,freekaobo.com$ ^) Q) |1 M' x2 E" N5 ?* o '676\2.
A) A patient suffering from fever, in which the virus that is apparently responsible for the symptoms has not been isolated j+3~
3 E" D) X0 e5 k; V7 |5 Iwww.freekaobo.comB) A patient suffering from lung inflammation which, though resembling other inflammations, does not respond to any known treatments K\&A}R
$ f: g# ?( r! A- _. gC) A patient suffering from a genetic anomaly whose cause may be known but whose consequences remain unidentified Y4 n1 p Z2 h( z, \; R* I L
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D) A case of a patient with symptoms that may have arisen from two known diseases of different sources2 H. H% L, z* N \s2hep
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