2008中科院英语翻译全文 Y (p Ud3y
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One of the most difficult situations that a researcher |az 2vD6P
can encounter is to see or suspect that a colleague has HuJc*op-6
violated the ethical standards of the research uP+VS>b
community. It is easy to find excuses to do nothing, but e3 ce?gk
someone who has witnessed misconduct has an unmistakable st
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obligation to act. At the most immediate level, l0C`teO
misconduct can seriously obstruct or damage one's own Evd|_ W-
research or the research of colleagues. More broadly, .G#li(NWH
even a single case of misconduct can malign scientists yzv"sd[8N
and their institutions, result in the imposition of FgL892[
counterproductive regulations, and shake public T7%!JBg@
confidence in the integrity of science. J\P6
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To be sure, raising a concern about unethical conduct is JQ 6M,O
rarely an easy thing to do. In some cases, anonymity is +:"0 %(
possible-but not always. Reprisals by the accused person aL%E#
and by skeptical colleagues have occurred in the past N#2ldY *
and have had serious consequences. Any allegation of Q n,6s% n
misconduct is a very important charge that needs to be mf)+ 5On
taken seriously. If mishandled, an allegation can [iEz?1.,
gravely damage the person charged, the one who makes the //_H _ue$
charge, the institutions involved, and science in {eV8h}KIl
general. (Xcy/QT
Someone who is confronting a problem involving research @J"tM
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ethics usually has more options than are immediately }&t>j[
apparent. In most cases the best thing to do is to JD~;.3$/k
discuss the situation with a trusted friend or advisor. 4G?^# +|^
In universities, faculty advisors, department chairs, Vh;zV Y
and other senior faculty can be invaluable sources of lOk8VlH<h
advice in deciding whether to go forward with a yjg& /6
complaint. n+Kv^Y`qxO
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An important consideration is deciding when to put a . \" k49M`
complaint in writing. Once in writing, universities are O,%,dtD[a
obligated to deal with a complaint in a more formal
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manner than if it is made verbally. Putting a complaint
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in writing can have serious consequences for the career DS<1"4 b|
of a scientist and should be undertaken only after Oege ZV
thorough consideration. ]:59c{O
The National Science Foundation and Public Health _XV%}Xb'
Service require all research institutions that receive |)29"_Kk5
public funds to have procedures in place to deal with qk1j mr
allegations of unethical practice. These procedures take UJ)pae
into account fairness for the accused, protection for 'J|)4OG:
the accuser, coordination with funding agencies, and xzm]v9k&
requirements for confidentiality and disclosure. h_vT A
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In addition, many universities and other research <U@N ^#
institutions have designated an ombudsman, ethics //q(v,D%Q
officer, or other official who is available to discuss mll :rWC)
situations involving research ethics. Such discussions &X$T "Dp
are carried out in strictest confidence whenever =? <WCR
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possible. Some institutions provide for multiple entry Nr~$i% [
points, so that complainants can go to a person with W)In.?>]W
whom they feel comfortable. L*(9H ti
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1、广义地说，即使是一个不轨行为，也能中伤科学家和他们的单位，导致不利于科研出成果的法规的实行，并动摇公众对科学诚实性的信心。 P[nc8z[
2、如果处理不当，一个举报能严重伤害被控告者、指控者、有关单位、乃至整个科学。 t4WB^dHYp
3、在大多数情况下，最好的方法是与一个值得信任的朋友或导师讨论此事。在大学里，指导老师、系主任和其他高级教师，在决定是否提出投诉时，能提供宝贵的意见 !Zz;;Z
4、书面投诉对科学家的职业生涯会产生严重后果，只有完全考虑清楚后才能进行。 t'eqk#rq
5、这些措施涉及公平对待被告、保护投诉人、与基金管理机构协调、并根据要求保密及公开。
