2008中科院英语翻译全文 8
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One of the most difficult situations that a researcher RTLu]Bry
can encounter is to see or suspect that a colleague has
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violated the ethical standards of the research 9 DKmXL
community. It is easy to find excuses to do nothing, but L_)?5IOJ$
someone who has witnessed misconduct has an unmistakable ( 5_o H
obligation to act. At the most immediate level, '~liDz*O
misconduct can seriously obstruct or damage one's own xhg {!w
research or the research of colleagues. More broadly, z7HC6{g% X
even a single case of misconduct can malign scientists J
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and their institutions, result in the imposition of clG3t
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counterproductive regulations, and shake public cpu +"/\
confidence in the integrity of science. c7 wza/r>
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To be sure, raising a concern about unethical conduct is (873:"(
rarely an easy thing to do. In some cases, anonymity is z_A%>E4
possible-but not always. Reprisals by the accused person pA+Qb.z5z
and by skeptical colleagues have occurred in the past -?LSw
and have had serious consequences. Any allegation of mc!3FJ
misconduct is a very important charge that needs to be yMX4 f
taken seriously. If mishandled, an allegation can Z U
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gravely damage the person charged, the one who makes the ~aA+L-s|
charge, the institutions involved, and science in "]zq<LmX
general. Gp32\^H|<
Someone who is confronting a problem involving research RR`?o\
ethics usually has more options than are immediately ~5p
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apparent. In most cases the best thing to do is to EMs $~CL4
discuss the situation with a trusted friend or advisor. ;qG a|`#j
In universities, faculty advisors, department chairs, = 2My-%i
and other senior faculty can be invaluable sources of q' _
advice in deciding whether to go forward with a V :d/;~
complaint. `DWz p5Ax
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An important consideration is deciding when to put a 0A pvuf1
complaint in writing. Once in writing, universities are u@==Ut
obligated to deal with a complaint in a more formal 4:6@9.VVT
manner than if it is made verbally. Putting a complaint ^z0[ {1
in writing can have serious consequences for the career xvpS% MS
of a scientist and should be undertaken only after 6
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thorough consideration. mRQ F5W6
The National Science Foundation and Public Health DPy"FQYZ b
Service require all research institutions that receive
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public funds to have procedures in place to deal with +twBFhS7k
allegations of unethical practice. These procedures take p(f)u]1`
into account fairness for the accused, protection for mnu7Y([2>
the accuser, coordination with funding agencies, and ijyj}gpWha
requirements for confidentiality and disclosure. o^DiIo or
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In addition, many universities and other research v,p/r )E
institutions have designated an ombudsman, ethics 7cvbYP\<lv
officer, or other official who is available to discuss `$MO.K{
situations involving research ethics. Such discussions QD"V=}'?
are carried out in strictest confidence whenever wXNFL9F8
possible. Some institutions provide for multiple entry 4( B,aU>y
points, so that complainants can go to a person with !f7}5/YC7v
whom they feel comfortable. nM}X1^PiK"
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1、广义地说，即使是一个不轨行为，也能中伤科学家和他们的单位，导致不利于科研出成果的法规的实行，并动摇公众对科学诚实性的信心。 rJ!xzge;G
2、如果处理不当，一个举报能严重伤害被控告者、指控者、有关单位、乃至整个科学。 lza 'l
3、在大多数情况下，最好的方法是与一个值得信任的朋友或导师讨论此事。在大学里，指导老师、系主任和其他高级教师，在决定是否提出投诉时，能提供宝贵的意见 9LCV"xgX
4、书面投诉对科学家的职业生涯会产生严重后果，只有完全考虑清楚后才能进行。 LvW9kL+WiQ
5、这些措施涉及公平对待被告、保护投诉人、与基金管理机构协调、并根据要求保密及公开。
