2008中科院英语翻译全文 *$4A|EA V
5 vu_D^Q
One of the most difficult situations that a researcher ]`/R(
"l[
can encounter is to see or suspect that a colleague has Q'Q72Fg
violated the ethical standards of the research !e#I4,f n
community. It is easy to find excuses to do nothing, but 0]2B-o"kI
someone who has witnessed misconduct has an unmistakable sJHy=z0m
obligation to act. At the most immediate level, H [_uVv;}6
misconduct can seriously obstruct or damage one's own ~\@<8@N2a6
research or the research of colleagues. More broadly, UVoLHd
even a single case of misconduct can malign scientists .olP m3MC
and their institutions, result in the imposition of faL^=CAe
counterproductive regulations, and shake public
VT.{[Kl
confidence in the integrity of science. asmW
W8lz
3qx G?G N
To be sure, raising a concern about unethical conduct is q$u\
q.
rarely an easy thing to do. In some cases, anonymity is 1VyO?KX '
possible-but not always. Reprisals by the accused person !ovZ>,1
and by skeptical colleagues have occurred in the past ncw
?;
and have had serious consequences. Any allegation of :9rhv{6Wp
misconduct is a very important charge that needs to be s ?Qb{
taken seriously. If mishandled, an allegation can sWZtbW;)
gravely damage the person charged, the one who makes the Y5A~iGp8E
charge, the institutions involved, and science in J!K/7u S
general. "TH-A6v1
Someone who is confronting a problem involving research ^s(X VVA
ethics usually has more options than are immediately (.XDf3
apparent. In most cases the best thing to do is to
!K^Z5A_;
discuss the situation with a trusted friend or advisor.
3NxaOO`
In universities, faculty advisors, department chairs, 4-nr_
WCm4
and other senior faculty can be invaluable sources of j+B5m:ExfI
advice in deciding whether to go forward with a 6`5
@E\"E
complaint. |`t!aG8
pv?17(w(\
An important consideration is deciding when to put a RnBmy^l"
complaint in writing. Once in writing, universities are ; R|#ae@
obligated to deal with a complaint in a more formal gc8PA_bFz
manner than if it is made verbally. Putting a complaint .gk PG'm[
in writing can have serious consequences for the career ONe!'a0
of a scientist and should be undertaken only after z9kX`M+
thorough consideration. q~dg
The National Science Foundation and Public Health cxJK>%84
Service require all research institutions that receive W*DIW;8p
public funds to have procedures in place to deal with [dF=1E>W_J
allegations of unethical practice. These procedures take n
ua8y(W
into account fairness for the accused, protection for MJ/%$
the accuser, coordination with funding agencies, and bq&S?! =s
requirements for confidentiality and disclosure. DMxS -hl
\lakT_x
In addition, many universities and other research 2GKU9cV*`
institutions have designated an ombudsman, ethics m^x\@!N:(
officer, or other official who is available to discuss CU`Oc>;*T
situations involving research ethics. Such discussions @N_H]6z4
are carried out in strictest confidence whenever x)wt.T?eL
possible. Some institutions provide for multiple entry Fx:e n|g
points, so that complainants can go to a person with KB *#t
whom they feel comfortable. 7>@/*S{X
}
=m?gF%3
+U)|&1oa
1、广义地说，即使是一个不轨行为，也能中伤科学家和他们的单位，导致不利于科研出成果的法规的实行，并动摇公众对科学诚实性的信心。 2xdJ(\JWM
2、如果处理不当，一个举报能严重伤害被控告者、指控者、有关单位、乃至整个科学。 fQ_8{=<-&X
3、在大多数情况下，最好的方法是与一个值得信任的朋友或导师讨论此事。在大学里，指导老师、系主任和其他高级教师，在决定是否提出投诉时，能提供宝贵的意见 Ci9wF (<k
4、书面投诉对科学家的职业生涯会产生严重后果，只有完全考虑清楚后才能进行。 +
siNU#!
5、这些措施涉及公平对待被告、保护投诉人、与基金管理机构协调、并根据要求保密及公开。
