英语中基本句式 Y_+#|]=$B
sg2% BkTI
英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: P
@vUQ
S十V主谓结构 Hcu!bOQ
S十V十F主系表结构 UgS`{&b36
S十V十O主谓宾结构 4d PTrBQ?
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 nM2<u[{gF
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 |`#fX(=
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 D^US2B
五个基本句式详细解释如下: \+O.vRc"M
1.S十V句式 J*$%d1
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: J#F5by%8
He runs quickly. C`g
"Mk8
他跑得快。 j0; ~2W#G*
They listened carefully. zH}3J}
他们听得很仔细。 )PP yJ@M
He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) kP&I}RY
他挨冻受饿。 0HoHu*+FX
China belongs to the third world country. VbvP!<8
中国属于第三世界国家。 aX;>XL4
The gas has given out. (is' ,4^b
煤气用完了。 ZPG,o5`%
My ink has run out. 1\m,8i+gU
我的钢笔水用完了。 #:gl+
2.S十V十P句式 I$t8Ko._"
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: D :U6r^c
He is older than he looks. M0fN[!*z
他比看上去要老。 7 mCf*|
He seen interested in the book. F%|P#CaB
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 X+XDfEt:Q
The story sounds interesting. 9Q4{ cB
这个故事听起来有趣。 *HR
pbe2
The desk feels hard.
,XEIg
书桌摸起来很硬。 wG[nwt0L
The cake tastes nice. Ra|P5
饼尝起来很香。 w<`0D)mQ
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. '/u|32
花闻起来香甜。 f-|?He4O]
You have grown taller than before. d*d:-f~q
你长得比以前高了。 x!_5/
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) $M)i]ekm
他突然病倒了。 'z"vk
He stood quite still. (a_bU5)
他静静地站看。 ,6{z
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. $VHIU1JjZ
他长大后当了教师。 fY&TI}Y
He could never turn traitor to his country. v@%4i~N
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 }?,?2U,8:
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: dzOco)y
He looked me up and down. v
^h:E
他上下打量我。 61H_o7XXk
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. @bA5uY!
他伸出手来摸象。 ?-)!dl%N
They are tasting the fish. ?2&= +QaT
他们在品尝鱼。 T<0 r,
They grow rice in their home town. S9l,P-X`
他们在家乡种水稻。 i6KfH\{N
He's got a chair to sit on. qqw P4ceG
他有椅子坐。 a|z-EKV
Please turn the sentence into English. :*KTpTa
请把这个句于泽成英语。 BjfVNF;hk:
3.S十V十O句式 $~6MR_
Yq
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: 4 -tC=>>wc
I saw a film yesterday. R)66qRf
我昨天看了一部电影。 Fy{yg]O"
Have you read the story? Z}$sY>E
你读过这个故事吗? ,7j8+p|},
They found their home easily. <ZSXOh,'
他们很容易找到他们的家。 \B4H0f
They built a house last year. f8lyH'z0
@
他们去年建了一所房子。 /.0K#J:
They've put up a factory in the village. zTcz+3x
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 gttsxOgktH
They have taken good care of the children. `;}`>!8j
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 z)C}}NH*!@
You should look after your children well. M^ '1Q.K
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 3`reXms*{
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 (O J/u)W^
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: bpBn3f`?*
He gave me a book/a book to me. `$f`55e
他给我一本书。 twr{jdY9
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. 29J|eBvxx
他带给我一枝钢笔。 Hes!uy
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. W~mo*EJ'^
他把座位让给我。 -
2L(])t6
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: V5lUh#@TN&
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. :'bZ:J>f
妈妈给我买了一本书。 7#C$}1XJ1
He got me a chair/a chair for me. neu+h6
#H
他给我弄了一把椅子。 .fzyA5@l
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. f0g/`j@Up
请帮我一下。 X >7Pqn'
He asked me a question/a question of me. /rZk^/
'
他问我个问题。 fh`Y2s|:7R
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: }T.>p#z
They robbed the old man of his money. .<Q
KQ% -
他们抢了老人的钱。 RCTqV.L
He's warned me of the danger. dE8f?L'
他警告我注意危险。 eWqS]cM#
The doctor has cured him of his disease.
&5K3AL
医生治好了他的病。 B)7 :*Kj
We must rid the house of th erats. ?&0CEfa?
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 \
R}I4'
They deprived him of his right to speak. Fw[1Aa#
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 KLM6#6`
5.S十V十O十C句式 Bs0~P 4^
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 7Q{&L#;
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 P\ P=1NM
They made the girl angry. *H/)S 5
他们使这个女孩生气了。 \68bXY.
They found her happy that day. 0UpRSh)#
他们发现那天她很高兴。 o]p$
w[5
I found him out. Ow?~+)
4
我发现他出去了。 e?(4lD)d
I saw him in. -U>)B
我见他在家。 ~Fvz&dO
They saw a foot mark in the sand. r9}(FL/)b
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 TQt[he$O
They named the boy Charlie. M"c=_5P
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 SgQmR#5
I saw him come in and go out. um PN=0u6
我见他进来又出去。 i`9}">7v~
They felt the car moving fast. 'GW~~UhdW
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 }:?_/$};
I heard the glass broken just now.
*W |
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 %[*_-%
He found the doctor of study closed to him. Tw/7P~*
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 sWA-_ 4
=*(_sW6;
&_QD1 TT