(2)动词have第三人称用has,其余人称都用have。 E08FUAth]#
(3)第三人称单数需要在动词词尾加-s或-es。 w W1aG
2)基本用法 (LA%q6
(1)用于表示客观真理、科学事实或习惯性的动作以及存在的特征、状态,常用的时 wXMKQ)$(
间标志是:often, always, sometimes, usually, every day ( week, month, year, morning ) , &vLz
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seldom等。例如: '+?AaR&p?
The sun rises in the east. :`2<SF^0O
He usually goes to work by bus. xKWqDt
The Jones always go to church on Sunday. Sf
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(2)表示按计划或安排好的将来的动作,常用的词有:go, be, start, arrive, stay等。例 }7RR",w
如: T(
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The plane arrives in Beijing this afternoon. ,G!M?@Q
The project starts early this year. L)a8W
There is a conference tonight. d=o|)kV
(3)由if, when 引导的条件和时间状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。例如: ^ ~:f02[D
When you see him, please say hello to him for me. 8;ke,x
If it is fine tomorrow, we will go outing. iE=Yh
2 、一般过去时 i6?,2\K
1)构成:动词过去式 rIH/<@+
2)基本用法 QM2Y?."#
用于表示过去某一时刻或时期内发生的动作或状态。常用的时间标志词有: 8>x!n/z)
yesterday, then, later, next day, just now, a moment ago,ago, last year (week, month)或由 ;&q}G1
when, while等引导的表明过去时间的状语从句。例如: !Y>lAx d
He died five years ago. HYyO/U9z|I
In those days we sowed the wheat by hand. $m,gQV~4
He has given up smoking, but a year ago he k"\%x=#
smoked 100 cigarettes a week.
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When he was a child, he sold newspapers for a living. ( NWT/yBx
3 、一般将来时 ^u&
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1)构成 gyj.M`+y
will +动词原形 &E0L7?l
2)基本用法 s:3 altv
用于表示将来的动作或状态。常用的时间标志词有:the day after tomorrow in等。 XTEC0s"F
例如:They will have a final examination this afternoon. 5b45u 6
3)表示将来时的其他形式 |x@)%QeC
(1) “be going to + 动词原形”表示很快就要发生的 事或打算要做的事或有迹象表 NAjY,)>'K
明即将发生的事。例如: 1^XuH('
The director is going to call on a meeting to discuss it. vw5f.8T;w
(2) “be to +动词原形”表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作或表示命令、禁止或 I$/*Pt];
可能性。例如: 9pUvw_9MY
The Prime Minister is to speak on TV tonight. *p:`F:
(3) “be + 现在分词”表示一个最近按计划或安排要 进行的动作,常用于表示位 ,Tc3koi
置转移的词,如go, come,arrive,leave, start等,或其他动词。例如: 5I/wP qR[
We're leaving on Friday. w}No ^.I*4
They're moving to another hotel the day after tomorrow. Fd Ezt
(4)“be about + 动词原形”表示即将做某事。可译 成汉语“将要,正要”。例如: jXA!9_L7
He is about to retire.
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4 、现在进行时 )OQhtxK
1)构成:由 “am, is, are + 现在分词”构成。 (Cjnf
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2)基本用法 n@n608
(1) 用于此刻正在进行的动作。例如: .{sKEVK
What are you doing ? I'm writing a report. CvfXm
Hurry up!We’re all waiting for you. 0q'd }D W
(2) 与always, continually, constantly, for ever等频度副词连用,表示某种带有感情色彩 dv=y,q@W
(赞叹、抱怨、厌烦等)的现阶段经常发生的动作。例如: 0^'A^
He is constantly complaining about his job. !wiW#PR
She’s always borrowing and forgetting to pay me back. 06DT2
5 、现在完成时 5v"r>q[
X
1)构成: 由“have / has 十过去分词”构成。 Gt#Jr!N~
2)基本用法 3jF#f'*
表示动作已经完成或刚刚完成或过去开始的动作一直持续到现在,而且可能持续下 1HQh%dZZ
去。常用的时间标志词有:already, before, ever, just, once, recently, yet 等或由since r~cmrLQa
引导的短语或从句和for引导的表示一段时间的短语。例如: ,M2u (9
We’ve just back. Z$qFjWp
We have studied English for more than ten years. i`[5%6\"&
He has lived here since 1995. g8^\|
I have played the piano since 1 came to England. n]M1'yU
Have you booked your hotel yet 6k6M&a
注意:现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 5G .Fi21
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(1)过去与现在的关系 []HMUL]"
这两种时态都表示过去发生过的动作,但前者强调的是过去的动作对现在的影 (vte8uQe
响,后者只表示过去某一时间发生过的动作而与现在无关,即不强调该动作对现在 GwiG..Y]&
造成的影响。 R=M"g|U6
(2)时间状语不同 '[#a-8-JY_
一般过去时带有明确的表示过去时间的状语,现在完成时带有already, yet, just, e$F]t*)Xa
ever, never 等表示不定时间的状语以及表示到现在为止这段时间的状语,如 up till =Y`P}vI]w%
now, so far, recently, this morning ( week, term ) 等。例如: IOA"O9;
I have just opened the door.(现在门是开着的。) Xx{ho4qq
I opened the door just now. ( open 只是过去发生的一个动作,门现在不一定是 ;\`~M
开着的。) CU=}]Y
6 、过去进行时 1);$#Dlt
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1)构成:由“was / were +现在分词”构成。 )6|7L)Dk
2)基本用法 =PHl|^
表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。其时间标志是:带有表示过去时间的状语从句或通过上下文判断的过去时间。例如: `abQlBb*
I was reading a newspaper when he came in last night. 9 tZ)#@\
They were having a meeting at this time yesterday. EubR]ckB
7 、过去完成时
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1)构成:由“had 十过去分词”构成。 &pwSd
2)基本用法 <%eY>E
表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成的动作,表示的是“过去的过去”。常用的 tq=1C=h
时间标志是by, before 等介词或连词引导的短语或从句。例如: Li ,B,
I had just finished the work when Peter phoned me yesterday morning ".L+gn}u-
The plane had taken off when we got to the airport. 0
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The boy had chased the cow away before it did more damage. %VYQz)yW
8 、过去将来时 8?] :>
1)构成:由“should/would +动词原形”构成。 ${'gyD
2)基本用法 Vzy]N6QT{
表示过去某一时刻之后将要发生的动作或情况,通常用于主句谓语动词是一般过去 -oq!zi4:
时的宾语从句中。例如: }C>Q
He said he would stop smoking next month. i}
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We wanted to know when the English class would begin. >JT{~SRB|Y
9 、将来完成时 8)/i\=N3;
1)构成:由“shall (will) + have + 过去分词”构成。
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2)基本用法 xrx{8pf
表示将来某一时刻之前完成的动作。例如: Hxr2Q]c?u
By this time next year I will have opened my first book store. XuJwZN!(
Hurry up! Otherwise the train will have left before we get to the station. G],+?E_,
10 、现在完成进行时 ezTu1-m
1)构成 /rp4m&