考博英语翻译技巧-形容词翻译 .AV--oA~
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英语形容词翻译 1dKLNE
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英语和汉语语言结构和表达习惯有很多差异之处,翻译时往往不能死扣原文逐词逐句译出。本文拟谈谈形容词的翻译问题。 M
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一、一些原义并无否定意思的形容词和别的词搭配有时可译成否定句 N/y.=]
来源:考试大 d$>1 2>>
1. These goods are in short supply. Et7AAV*8g
这些货物供应不足。 CwT52+Jb
来源:考试大 s~TYzfA
2. This equation is far from being complicated. inhb> zB
这个方程一定也不复杂。 zS?L3*u
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二、为了使译文自然流畅,读起来顺口,在一些形容词前可根据上下文内容加上副词“很”、“最”等字
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1. It was as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. B\4SB
这是我度过最愉快的一天。 kKCkjA:o##
来源:考试大 v1;`.PWD
2. It is easy to compress a gas.
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气体很容易压缩。 Ot(EDa9}IJ
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三、有时可将英语的“形容词+名词短语”译成汉语的主谓结构 Z|3l2ucl
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1. She spoke in a high voice. ;;UvK
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她讲话声音很尖。 w\85D|u
来源:考试大 JP[BSmhAV
2. This engine develops a high torque. .*v8*8OJ&
这台发动机产生的转矩很大。 Oa*/jZjr
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四、如果一个名词前有几个形容词修饰,英译时应根据汉语习惯决定其顺序 %M ~X:A;4
来源:考试大 b$VdTpz
1. a large brick conference hall =<FFFoF*C_
一个用砖砌的大会议厅 \z<'6,b
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2. a plastic garden chair Oq|pd7fcgm
一把在花园里用的塑料椅子 Kx#G_N@
来源:考试大 IDcu#Nz`
五、英语中一些表示知觉、情感、欲望等心理状态的形容词同连系动词构成复合谓语时,翻译时可将形容词译成动词 0*h
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1. You are ignorant of the duties you undertake in marrying. jtl7t59R
你完全不懂你在婚姻方面承担的责任。 $] w&`
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2. Such criticisms have become familiar in his later commentaries on America. !+CRS9\D
类似的批评在他后来写的评论美国的文章中屡见不鲜。 kvryDM
来源:考试大 {5_*tV<I
3. He is truly sorry for his past, and he has undertaken to give up motorcars entirely and for ever. Z+Z`J;
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他诚恳地忏悔过去,并保证永远不再玩汽车。 6`F_js.a
来源:考试大 #y2="$V
六、由于语言习惯不同,英语里的形容词有时译成汉语副词 :aco$ZNH5
来源:考试大 5AQ $xm4
1. I am going to be good and sweet and kind to every body. 1<pbO
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我要对每一个人都亲切、温顺、和善。 ~9 K4]5K-
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2. He asked me for a full account of myself and family. Zj!S('hSY
他详尽地问起我自己和我家里的情况。 K*p^Gs,
来源:考试大 ~h0SD(
3. Another war will be the absolute end of our country. P2 f~sx9
再来一次战争将彻底毁灭我们这个国家。 LV'v7 2yUH
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从以上几个方面可以看出,译好形容词是使译文通顺、流畅的一个环节。 @ttcFX1:W
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考博英语翻译技巧-英语倍数翻译 D",ZrwyJ
英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样,其中有 一些(如下文中的句型②、⑤、⑥、⑧、(12) 等, 见圈码)很容易译错——其主要原因在于:英汉两语在 表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。现将常 用的英语倍数句型及其正确译法归纳如下: JrS/"QSA
来源:考试大 q<.^DO~$L
倍数增加 \MX>=
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(一) A is n times as great(long,much,…)as B.(①)
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A is n times greater (longer, more,…)than B.(②) e#SNN-hKsJ
A is n times the size (length, amount,…)of B.(③) dt^yEapjM
以上三句都应译为;A的大小(长度,数量,……)是B的n倍[或A比B大(长,多,……)n-1倍]. cfa#a!Y4
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Eg. This book is three times as long as (three times longer than,three times the length of )that one. X62z>mM
这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。 !#g`R?:g
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注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than(as,of)B常被省去。 .KTDQA\
来源:考试大 v)4 kS
(二)increase to n times(④) wzT+V,
increase n times/n-fold(⑤) 5qR76iH)/
increase by n times(⑥) ayHI(4!$j
increase by a factor of n(⑦) 4- N>#
以上四式均应译为:增加到n倍(或:增加n-1倍)。 )"=BbMfhu
来源:考试大 #](ML:!
Eg. The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year. Su-LZ'C\
The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against l986. :.DCRs$Q
化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。来源:考试大 Y-7x**I
That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times. u,4,s[
那可使代谢率提高到原来的2倍或3倍(即提高1倍或2倍)。 _nOio ?
The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four. J+w"{ O
漏电压增加了3借(即增加到原来的4倍)。 Xl@nv9m
注:在这类句型中increase常被raise,grow,go/step up,multiply等词所替代。 :G$NQ*(z
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(三)There is a n-fold increase/growth…(⑧) ~ m,z|
应译为:增加n-倍(或增至n倍)。这个句型还有其它一些形式: hRtnO|Z6
Eg. A record high increase in value of four times was reported. w
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据报道,价值破记录地增长了3倍。 来源:考试大 ]J?5qR:xCy
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(四)double (增加1倍),treble(增加2倍),quadruple(增加3倍)。(⑨) Op\l
Eg. The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled. fb&K.6"
这些机器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。 RR*z3i`PP
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(五)此外,英语中还有一种用again而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法,如: ZsNUT4
A is as much (large,long,…)again as B.(= A is twice as much (large,long,…)as B.(⑩) 3[-L'!pOX3
应译为:A比B多(大,长,……)1倍。 VL7zU->
A is half as much (large, 1ong,…)again as B.来源:考试大 WVf;uob{
【= A is one and a half times as much (large, 1ong,…)as B.】(11) !N?|[n1
应译为:A比B多(大,长……)一半(即A是B的一倍半)。 %l5Uy??Z
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(一)A is n times as small (light,slow,…)as B.(12) ~?+Jt3?,
A is n times smaller (lighter, slower,…) than B.(13) htkn#s~=
以上两句均应译为:A的大小(重量,速度,……)是B的1/n[或A比B小(轻,慢,……)(n-1)/n]。 ^mkplp
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Eg. The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom. |!flR? OU
氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16(即比氧原子约轻15/16)。 "otP^X.
Eg. This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper. q@r8V&-<
这种薄膜比普通纸张要薄一半(即是普通纸厚度的1/2)。 f
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注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than/as B常被省去。 来源:考试大 +Y'(,J
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(二)decrease n times/n--fold (14) +wS?Z5%mU
decrease by n times(15) /c]I|$v
decrease by a factor of n(16)来源:考试大 5lVDYmh
以上三式均译为:减少到1/n[或:减少(n-1)/n]。 Wd3/Y/MD
decrease常被reduce, shorten, go/slow down等词替代。 Q<w rO
Eg. Switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened 3 times. {CYFM[V
新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了1/3(即缩短到2/3)。来源:考试大 $l7
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Eg. When the voltage is stepped up by ten times, the strength of the current is stepped down by ten times. Y{f;qbEQH'
电压升高9倍,电流强度便降低9/10(即90%)。 !1-:1Whz8
Eg. The equipment reduced the error probability by a factor of 5. 6psK2d0
该设备误差概率降低了4/5。来源:考试大 "N D1$l
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(三)There is a n-fold decrease/reduction… 1vx:`2 A4
应译为:减至1/n [或:减少(n一1)/n]。(17) v`*!Bhc-
这个句型还有其它一些形式, = 0Z}s
Eg. A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed. 4$@5PS#,
发现迅速减少到1/7。 ROW8YTYb
Eg. The principal advantage of the products is a two-fold reduction in weight. 3l-8TR
这些产品的主要优点是重量减轻了1/2。来源:考试大 CM!bD\5
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从上列倍数增减句型及其译法中不难看出:与汉语不 同的是,英语在表述或比较倍数时,无论使用什么句 型(除了不含倍数词的again句型外)都包括基础倍 数在内,因此都不是净增或净减n倍,而是净增或 净减n-1倍。所以句型⑤、③表示的倍数增量=句型④; 句型(13)表示的倍数比差=句型12,且decrease(by) 3 times应译为“减少2/3”,而不是“减少3/4”。