英语中基本句式 ,eK2I Ao
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: Oo/8Y
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S十V主谓结构 @H4wHlb
S十V十F主系表结构 OequU'j
S十V十O主谓宾结构 dgY5ccP
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 I}ndRDz[
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 P,`=]Y*
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 }JGq 1
五个基本句式详细解释如下: D9G0k[D,
1.S十V句式 /=-h:0{M
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: gQ,4xTX
He runs quickly. p`LL
他跑得快。 p Mh++H]"
They listened carefully. O E]~@eU
他们听得很仔细。 klo^K9!
He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) xT/9kM&}L
他挨冻受饿。 r=|vad$
China belongs to the third world country. %27G 2^1
中国属于第三世界国家。 8m
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The gas has given out. }Uq/kei^
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煤气用完了。 5 5a@)>h
My ink has run out. hPS/CgLq
我的钢笔水用完了。 |})rt5|f1!
2.S十V十P句式 zEAx:6`c
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: &4[<F"W>47
He is older than he looks. DU(X,hDBF
他比看上去要老。 OfW%&LA
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He seen interested in the book. @RQ+JYQi
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 YALyZ.d
The story sounds interesting. g+VRT,r
这个故事听起来有趣。 Y{`3`Pg&N
The desk feels hard. |:{g?4Mi
书桌摸起来很硬。 9{T 8M
The cake tastes nice. V#+126
饼尝起来很香。 wrhBH
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The flowers smell sweet and nicc. 3{6ps : w
花闻起来香甜。 {-~05,zE
You have grown taller than before. Fa6H(L3
你长得比以前高了。 ?L`MFR
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) Zjw!In|vC
他突然病倒了。 GP0[Y
He stood quite still.
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他静静地站看。 V.O<|tl.
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. z_5rAlnwT.
他长大后当了教师。 ez{P-qB
He could never turn traitor to his country. ,AGM?&A
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 Yg\{S<wr
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: T)$6H}[c
He looked me up and down. (CKhY~,/u
他上下打量我。 5P5A,K
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. [a#?}((
他伸出手来摸象。 \;A50U|r
They are tasting the fish. lq7 8gOg{
他们在品尝鱼。 -N /8Ho
They grow rice in their home town. ~Hp#6+
他们在家乡种水稻。 )3D+gu
He's got a chair to sit on. UBUB/NY
他有椅子坐。 =|j*VF 2y"
Please turn the sentence into English. MbT
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请把这个句于泽成英语。 8gu'dG =
3.S十V十O句式 7$Z)fkx.
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: 0{U ]STj
I saw a film yesterday. (Fjs
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我昨天看了一部电影。 ^^t]vojX
Have you read the story? L:k@BCQM
你读过这个故事吗? O|^6UH
They found their home easily. it/C y\f
他们很容易找到他们的家。 sTYuwna~
They built a house last year. $z`cMQ r
他们去年建了一所房子。 ~,`\D7Z3
They've put up a factory in the village. n'x`oI)
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他们在村里建了一座工厂。 Gr"2G,,VI
They have taken good care of the children. $J;=Ux)$
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 F_M~!]<na
You should look after your children well. r,Y/4(.c7U
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 +gD)Yd
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 f Dm}J
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: 8'g*}[
He gave me a book/a book to me. {ZBb.$}RC
他给我一本书。 Sj]T{3mi
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. 5>z:[OdY*
他带给我一枝钢笔。 ke;*uS
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. )lngef
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他把座位让给我。 RZ,<D I
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: C}DG'z9
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. (1r>50Ge
妈妈给我买了一本书。 WHD/ s
He got me a chair/a chair for me. t2-zJJf8
他给我弄了一把椅子。 scPq\Qd?O
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. 2M(PH]D
请帮我一下。 Xm:gD6;9
He asked me a question/a question of me. .5Z@5g
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他问我个问题。 /o06h y
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: W0?Y%Da(4m
They robbed the old man of his money. Z=/L6Zb
他们抢了老人的钱。 4`5Qt=}
He's warned me of the danger. Q j~W-^/ -
他警告我注意危险。 BO\`m%8md
The doctor has cured him of his disease. Z-sN4fr a
医生治好了他的病。 Qc
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We must rid the house of th erats. *p5T
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 GHsdLe=t0#
They deprived him of his right to speak. +mQC:B7>
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 eRqexqO!
5.S十V十O十C句式 ^)P5(fJ
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 rpP+20 v
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 PNxO\Rc
They made the girl angry. {^O/MMB\\%
他们使这个女孩生气了。 d~bH!P
They found her happy that day. AeQ&V d|
他们发现那天她很高兴。 @KRn3$U
I found him out. nsw8[pk
我发现他出去了。 T[9jTO?W2
I saw him in. ,?N_67
我见他在家。 yT9RNo/w
They saw a foot mark in the sand. Gg
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他们发现沙地上有脚印。 0J,d9a [1
They named the boy Charlie. _I"<?sh3
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 f6A['<%o
I saw him come in and go out. [?o vJ
我见他进来又出去。 ]Lft^,7
They felt the car moving fast. z`{zqP:
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 `D4'`Or-U
I heard the glass broken just now. ^u&Khc~
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我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 eC:Q)%$%l
He found the doctor of study closed to him. 9uoj3
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他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 hds4_
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