英语中基本句式 MvZ+n
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: KUp
S十V主谓结构 `J>E9p<
S十V十F主系表结构 f@!
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S十V十O主谓宾结构 V8sH{R-
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 YPha9M$AgU
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 3$?9uMl#
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 `1fJ:b/M
五个基本句式详细解释如下: dThR)Z'=
1.S十V句式 0" U5oP[
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: yu`KzIU
He runs quickly. a=J@yK
他跑得快。 Io$w|~x
They listened carefully. r5MxjuOB1
他们听得很仔细。 I~
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He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) FX
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他挨冻受饿。 5^/,aI
China belongs to the third world country. N]1V1c$G*
中国属于第三世界国家。 A Gv!c($
The gas has given out. |av*!i5Q
煤气用完了。 e>L5.~i
My ink has run out. :3f-9aRC!
我的钢笔水用完了。 x96qd%l/
2.S十V十P句式 D:=t*2-Iv
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: 3jvx2
He is older than he looks.
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他比看上去要老。 X AQGG>
He seen interested in the book. u?Fnlne4@
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 Q;4}gUmI$
The story sounds interesting. %tT"`%(+
这个故事听起来有趣。 "yg.hK`
The desk feels hard. "hL9f=w
书桌摸起来很硬。 ?n)Xw)]
The cake tastes nice. hT?6sWa
饼尝起来很香。 eymi2-a<
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. ?Phk~ jE
花闻起来香甜。 `,+#! )
You have grown taller than before. 1Fv8T'
你长得比以前高了。 *D2Nm9sl
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) NwguP
他突然病倒了。 5?Bc
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He stood quite still. 'iJDWxCD
他静静地站看。 WP}ixcq#
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. 2d-{Q8Pi
他长大后当了教师。 5L F/5`
He could never turn traitor to his country. ?]^zD k@~
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 D}-o+6TI?
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: wzd`l?o,
He looked me up and down. ]bm
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他上下打量我。 v,{h:
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. Y(_KizBY
他伸出手来摸象。 3)3Hck
They are tasting the fish. :}Ok$^5s
他们在品尝鱼。 /be=u@KV
They grow rice in their home town. b^x07lO
他们在家乡种水稻。 Z0$]
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He's got a chair to sit on. obO}NF*g^
他有椅子坐。 Ry?4h\UX5
Please turn the sentence into English. YGp)Oy}:
请把这个句于泽成英语。 xST4}Mb^f
3.S十V十O句式 " !-Kd'V
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: eCWPhB6l
I saw a film yesterday. IxOc':/jY
我昨天看了一部电影。 L2fZ{bgy
Have you read the story? z\T Ls
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你读过这个故事吗? oZN'HT
They found their home easily. 2/B)O)#ls
他们很容易找到他们的家。 ]]2k}A[-I
They built a house last year. ?,)"~c$hZ
他们去年建了一所房子。 Y.sz|u 1
They've put up a factory in the village. m|O1QM;T
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 8md*wEjk
They have taken good care of the children. k_ Y~;P@
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 .Q* 'r&n
You should look after your children well. [/|zH'j:
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 Xj@+{uvQB
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 oehaQ#e
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: D#Kuo$
He gave me a book/a book to me. w5,Mb
他给我一本书。 j}f[W [2
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. C&<~f#lB
他带给我一枝钢笔。 I:l01W;
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. W0I4Vvh_"
他把座位让给我。 3n]79+w@z
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: {ci.V*:"
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. '
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妈妈给我买了一本书。 33Az$GXFsq
He got me a chair/a chair for me. 8sOQ9
他给我弄了一把椅子。 =QOg 6
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. lioc`C:
请帮我一下。 w@-M{?R
He asked me a question/a question of me. sG7u}r
他问我个问题。 |nUl\WRd\
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: !l@zT}i??
They robbed the old man of his money. >ut" OL9J
他们抢了老人的钱。 YJeyIYCs<
He's warned me of the danger. Lgk
他警告我注意危险。 |{>ER,<-
The doctor has cured him of his disease. zeb=8Dg
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医生治好了他的病。 ;&b.T}Nf06
We must rid the house of th erats. /] ^#b
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 KqY["5p
They deprived him of his right to speak. PNs~[
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 co8"sz0(U
5.S十V十O十C句式 ,f3pqi9|
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 B;>{0
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常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 CNZ z]H
They made the girl angry. /AY4M;}p
他们使这个女孩生气了。 "TyJP[/
They found her happy that day. @mP]*
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他们发现那天她很高兴。 t]jFo
I found him out. \wcam`f
我发现他出去了。 Ysq'2
I saw him in. ygJr=_iA9
我见他在家。 l/TjQ*
They saw a foot mark in the sand. V&8VwF^-
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 #6Fez`A
They named the boy Charlie. ^z1&8k"[^
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 @AHm!9?o
I saw him come in and go out. voP7"Dl[
我见他进来又出去。 * _a@z1
They felt the car moving fast. (~CLn;'
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 ;<yd^Xs
I heard the glass broken just now. L^2FQti>
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 j
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He found the doctor of study closed to him. Bjk]ZU0T
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 x~xa6
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