一、六种常考题型 mJ<`/p?:
词汇题主要测试考生对考博大纲词汇和短语的词义、用法、搭配的辨认与运用能力。其考试的重点是短语动词搭配、近义词辨析、近形异义词辨析、同根词辨析、单词辨析和固定搭配辨析。 tmS2%1o
(一)以动词为中心与其他词搭配 96
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【例1】Eating too much fat can ______ heart disease and cause high blood pressure. yXDjM2oR/2
A.contribute to B.attribute to C.attend to D.devote to ;a1DIUm'
答案:A [HWVS
【例2】I would never have ______ a court of law if I hadn't been so desperate. zX*5yNd
A.sought to B.accounted for C.turned up D.resorted to "A+7G5
答案:D EIQ3vOq6
(二)近义词辨析 KMy"DVqE
【例1】The Persian Gulf is ______ in petroleum deposits and that's part of the reasons why it is a trouble place. hGV_K" ~I0
A.abundant B.enough C.plentiful D.adequate V?
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答案:A !q,'k2=b,
【例2】On New Year's Even, New York City holds an outdoor ______ which attracts a crowd of a million or more people. /+%aSPQ
A.affair B.incident C.case D.event F*J1w|)F0
答案:D q&>fKS nKs
(三)近形异义词 KZ[TW,Gw
【例1】It is our ______ policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means. D8,8j;
A.consistent B.continuous C.considerate D.continual co8R-AB
答案:A fn
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【例2】It is quite necessary for a qualified teacher to have good manners and ______ knowledge. +ho=0>
A.extensive B.expansive C.intensive D.expensive D1-/#QN$1
答案:A J i@q7qkC
(四)同根词辨析 | 8mWR=9fs
【例1】The football game comes to you ______ from New York. "1Hn?4nz5
A.lively B.alive C.live D.living e< @$(w
答案:C kZ@UQ{>`
【例2】 ______ his sister, Jack is quiet and does not easily make frieds with others. PUO7Z2
A.Dislike B.Unlike C.Alike D.Liking .-HM{6J
答案:B l2n`fZL
(五)单词辨析 =dNE1rdzNa
【例1】The teaeher spoke highly of such ______ as loyalty, courage and truthfulness shown by his students. f:\)!
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A.virtues B.features v=G*K11@
C.properties D.characteristics $S<B\\
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答案:A rWJ5C\R
【例2】Professor Taylor's talk has indicated that science has a very strong ______ on the everyday life of non-scientists as well as scientists. 08jk~$%
A.motivation B.perspective C.impression D.impact =PA?6Bm
答案:D +$L}B-F
(六)固定搭配辨析 t{},Th
【例1】In the experiment we kept a watchful eye ______ the developments and recorded every detail. 6;Z`9PGp
A.in B.at C.for D.on
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答案:D Y5C kC F
【例2】These two areas are similar ______ they both have a high rainfall during this season. DRRQ]eK0
A.to that B.besides that C.in that D.except that 3HuocwWbz
答案:C L;*7p9
二、词汇应试法宝——七大推导法 Xe&9|M
只有将词汇的含义和用法联系起来,才能对词汇有准确的把握。编者通过对往年真题的研究,总结出一套词汇答题的推导法。在记忆词汇的基础上,了解做题的技巧,使考生能抓住考题的要点,任何难题都能迎刃而解。 TDk[,4
(一)词义推导法 {9 |*au(K
利用题干中一部分词对另一部分词汇意思的解释。 #9}1Lo>
【例】The manager spoke highly of ______ such as loyalty, courage and truthfulness shown by his employees. UZFs]z!,k
A.virtues B.features qY%|Uo
C.properties D.characteristics a8)2I~j
答案:A q90RTX'CY
(二)因果推导法 O{3X`xAf
利用题干中的分句之间存在的因果关系,进行选择。 .'66]QW
【例】The poetry of Ezra Pound is sometimes difficult to understand because it contains so many ______ references. NL|c
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A.obscure B.acute C.notable D.objective 71E~~ $
答案:A Q'^'G>MBJ
(三)转折推导法 *"_W1}^
利用题干中存在的转折关系,通过转折词来确定选项,或通过句中词来确定选项中的转折词。 iu<Tv,{8
【例】Most nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are in a ______. /,~]1&?}1
A.scarcity B.minority _0u=}tc
C.minimum D.shortage uAnL`
答案:B Xsanc@w)^C
(四)对比推导法 bYQ@!
利用句中的转折词、反义词或对比词来确定选项。 )O*h79t^Q
【例】Mr. Morgan can be very sad ______, though in public he is extremely cheerful. fO5L[U^`
A.by himself B.in person C.in private D.as individual CTg79
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答案:C #+Bz$CO
(五)语境推导法 >mvE[iXRG?
利用题干的上下文来确定选项,主要是通过句意和四个选项的意义来确定正确选项。 lBG=jOS
【例1】The new appointment of our president ______ from the very beginning of next semester. #sF#<nHZ
A.takes effect B.takes part C.takes place D.takes turns /160pl4
答案:A YVF@v-v-,
有时候,某些词会常常出现在同一个语义场中,这就成了我们答题的依据。 "UY34a
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【例2】A ______ to this problem is expected to be found before long. rVOF
A.result B.response L?a4>uVY
C.settlement D.solution Hxac#(,7
答案:D &'/PEOu&}G
(六)固定搭配推导法 t vW0 W
【例1】It is useful to be able to predict ______ the extent which a price change will affect supply and demand. ,f?B((l
A.from B.with C.to D.for NODg_J~T
答案:C &l`_D?{<#
有时,也可以利用动词词组中的介词或副词确定正确选项。 nip*Y@- F
【例2】Having decided to rent a flat, we ______ contacting all the accommodation agencies in the city. DN*M-o9
A.set about B.set down C.set out D.set up g=v'[JPd
答案:A 96!2@c{
同样,也可以利用动词词组中的动词确定选项,如下例:
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【例3】If you ______ the bottle and cigarettes, you'll be much healthier. B\=T_'E&
A.take off B.keep off -zt*C&)b
C.get off D.set off X?r$o>db
答案:B Om7 '_}
(七)常识推导法 (Cti,g~
有时根据一个常识性知识,就可以解决词汇题。 f@Ve,i
【例】A person's calorie requirements vary ______ his life. A2PeI"y
A.across B.throughout C.over D.within ?u{Mz9:?HT
答案:B HDE5Mg "
三、词汇题难点剖析 1!+0]_8K
(一)词或词组辨析题 .[:WMCc\
很多对英语学习有抵触情绪的考生发现英语单词和语法规则太多,更为苦恼的是,单词不止一个意思,加上不同的介词或副词等的词构成词组又产生新一连串意思;语法也有许多例外的情形,记住这条又漏了那条,难免“挂一漏万”,因此对英语学习失去了信心。试想,咿呀学语的孩子有没有抱怨单词太多,语法太繁?他们就顺理成章地接受了一门新的语言,并以能效仿和创造为自豪。单词不是孤立的字母堆砌,由核心词加前缀、后缀组合,又衍生出成倍的单词;几个典型的例题例句犹如制冰块的方格,可以让学习者一目了然。 fpzEh}:H\
严格说来,英语和汉语分属不同语系,两者之间很难找到对等的词汇。考生在认知单词或词组时仅仅记住中文意思显然是远远不够的。需要注意三点:①有没有除大纲意义或第一义之外相去甚远的其他意义;②汉语意思雷同的几个单词之间有什么不同用法,搭配关系如何;③词形发生变化,如变为名词、形容词或副词等,词义是否有相应的变化。 `X&