过去分词与形容词的语义差： MKJ9PcVi
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things %{yr#F=t#]
the destructive power of modern weapons TIW6v4
Damaged: being in a bad state #dqZdj@
emotionally damaged children }1`Rq?@J
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements RoxzCFsI\
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. FMwT4]y
Respectful: feeling or showing respect G 8uX[-L1
They listened in respectful silence. !.+iA=K{
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. F@ZG| &
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. X-3L4@T:?
Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. L -b~#
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. {Xwin $C
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. 8 !3+Obj
5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. XC ? H
Lovable: a sweet lovable child |QAmN> 7U
Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. R{#-IH="
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. kC0 1s
Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds GE Xz)4[
Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. vD:.1,72
虚拟语气
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非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 +P~zn=
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 g[8V fIe
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 2EG"xA5%
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) R
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It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) 4yQ4lU,r
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 " y
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不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
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Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) A
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Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) g \rujxHlH
（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 (niZ N_qv
It took me only five minutes to finish the job. ~`*:E'/5k]
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别
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(1)不定式作表语 BAX])~_
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 pRMM1&H
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 &
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What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 @m6pAo4P
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 k^R>x V
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 y"t5%Iv
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。 HeSnj-mtr}
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 Bfi9%:eG
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 r)+dK }xl
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. 8Yb/
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The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． c v#H
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 v^,A~oe`t
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 S1$\D!|1
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 Y I%S)$
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 (&njZdcb*
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. {W `/KU?u
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． zYls>fbp,
(3)分词作表语 K''b)v X4
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： HnOF_ Twq
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 /f0_mi,bD
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 |d {(&s
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delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 mcr 71j
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 Ch7eUTq A@
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 U (J?Q
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 W@UHqHr:\
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 fl)Oto7
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 $f)Y
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surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 y M\ 1n
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 8Oc*<^{#
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 dF FB\|e;0
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 SKcAZC
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。 +A:}5{
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 Ge97e/ CY
3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 sZB$+~ .:}
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： Z , T TI>P
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 hob%'Y5%D
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 PDGh\Y[AK,
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 L[O+9Y h
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 z6Mf>q
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 fx_7B (
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 /8 GVu7
appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 RS$:]hxd>_
cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 ]INbRytvc
ask问 dread害怕 need需要
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agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 _{ ?1+
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 hd^?svID
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 Z7% >O:@z
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 8{h:z
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bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 wddF5EcK0
care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 :uMD$zF'5
decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 %Rg8 4tz
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 i [FBll -
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 ?)JW}3<.
start开始 undertake承接 want想要 M)-+j{<
consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 1Z*-@%RX
decide决定 learn学习 vow起 `U?;9!|;6
contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 9i9 VDk{
