过去分词与形容词的语义差： K
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1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things hWD%_"yhd
the destructive power of modern weapons c 1 aIZ
Damaged: being in a bad state GLtd6; V
emotionally damaged children w9]H J3qi
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements ykat0iqo
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. ] CxD m
Respectful: feeling or showing respect ]m <
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They listened in respectful silence. &UfP8GE9
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. !M@jW[s
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. v1}9i3Or#
Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. 7*\Cf qrU
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. 5u=> ~yK+
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. L~|_C Rw
5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. u1; sH{YK>
Lovable: a sweet lovable child i# bc
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Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. ^ DCBL&I
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. zw[ #B #
Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds A"i $.dR{
Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. &t:~e " 5<
虚拟语气 ,s`4k?y
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 +; / s0
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 s ZPyEIXie
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 :Lu 9w0>f
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) t Z@OAPRx
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) fUq:`# Q
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 }'`}| pM$
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 @Y !Jm
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) ` Z^ \<{z
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) (f;.`W
（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 MO@XbPZB
It took me only five minutes to finish the job. %>!W+rO,
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 mJZB@m u?
(1)不定式作表语 Ug )eyu
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 hc*t Q2
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 'x6rU"e $J
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 -ImV Xy]?
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 \aN7[>R.Q
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 P'^& SK
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。 Pk>S;KT.
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 7%Ou6P$^fr
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 qOv`&%txW
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. 5 Od&-~O
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． ~r_2V$sC2
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 6)c-s|#
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 NOmFQ)/ &
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 vNju|=Lo
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 ~O Wpk)Vq
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. zkquXzlgB
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． Xl:. `{5L
(3)分词作表语 (|>rDk;
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： r
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interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 a"`>
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exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 NFF!g]QN
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 k136n#KN1
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 C-\3,
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 KcUR
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pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 yy+:x/(N[
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 q0D RT4K
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 ^#IE
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surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 j#xGB]
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 V(8,94vm
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 Z*a g{N
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 &;~?\>?I
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。 b
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They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 4oL .Bt
3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 Lz!JLiMEET
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： 1xu~@v 60
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 )+DDIq
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 BMqr YW
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 q6 ny2;/r
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望
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arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 } +Q4s]
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 Pd-LDs+Ga
appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 F q_>}k@fI
cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 jD%|@ux
ask问 dread害怕 need需要 ' MBXk2?b
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 _aBy>=2c$
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 Gz BPI'C
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 4HR36=E6
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 n#}~/\P6
bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 G+Bk!o
care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 P3n#s2o6y
decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 (w u ciKQ
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 -FI)o`AE
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 /]_|uN)Q
start开始 undertake承接 want想要 dJ/gc"7aO
consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 ^)I}#
decide决定 learn学习 vow起 0[M2LF!m
contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 v|\#wrCT?
