考试时间:3小时 qx0F*EH|
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Part I Vocabulary (10 points) mYk~ ]a-
Section A (5 points)
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Directions: In each item, chose one word that best keeps the meaning of the sentence if it is substituted for the underlined word. Mark out your choice on the answer sheet with a single line through the center. 4kK_S.&
1. The public usually regards the theory of public opinion as controversial. ?oV|.LM:W
a. practical b. disputable c. reasonable d. soluble 0\k{v
2. The serious illness deprived him of his sight and the use of his leg. $
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a. robbed b. excluded c. disabled d. gripped L|'B*
3. If a cat comes too close to its nest, the mocking bird initiates a set of actions to protect its off-spring. VHLNJnA
a. hastens b. triggers c. devises d. releases fCX8s(|F
4. The flowers on the table were a manifestation of the child’s love for his mother. 7?vj+1;
a. a demonstration b. a combination : S-{a
c. a satisfaction d. an infestation jnM}N:v
5. Handling preschoolers’ fears is often of understanding their fantasies. s._,IW;
a. behavior b. habit c. hobby d. imagination yKz%-6cpSl
6. The devastating earthquake last month caused hundreds of people homeless. Zv8GrkK
a. unguarded b. overwhelming c. destructive d. evil L)9Z Op5
7. On hearing of the case some time later, Conan Doyle was convinced that the man was not guilty, and immediately went to work to ascertain the truth. q(2ZJn13f
a. explore b. obtain c. verify d. search ZC^NhgX
8. Fear of pirate raids caused the Spaniards to fortify their coastline. v5{2hCdt
a. arms b. invasions c. ships d. cruelty :FmH=pI!=
9. The poor woman did not sleep all night and was completely worn out. lO 0}
a. consumed b. exhausted c. ground d. smashed hL}ZPHA
10. Mountain life produces a strong, tough breed of men. b0x%#trA{
a. generation b. genius c. type d. gang ao|n<*}
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Section B (5 points) ~Jj~W+h
Directions: In each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Mark out your choice on the answer sheet with a single line through the center. L
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11. A patient who is dying of incurable cancer of the throat is in terrible pain, which can no longer be satisfactorily ________. H9!q)qlK
a. diminished b. alleviated c. replaced d. abolished (zk/>Ou
12. In principle, a person whose conduct was caused by mental disorder should not be liable to criminal ________. h 'Hnq m
a. identification b. punishment c. investigation d. commitment xZ>j Q_}
13. Cut off by the storm, they were forced to ________ food for several days. vF[ 4kDHk
a. go in for b. go over c. go without d. go out G68@(<<Z
14. Getting enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for ________ vitamins. #ZP;] W
a. exceptional b. exceeding c. excess d. external h[
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15. For some rare cases, the doctor does not base his diagnosis on the patient’s ________ only but also on the results of tests. 7lKatk+7K
a. complaints b. reports c. statements d. symptoms \F""G,AWq{
16. The Army and Navy of that country were reformed in ________ with western models after the Second World War. R-wz+j#
a. consequence b. agreement c. accordance d. contact 'P[#.9E
17. Please come and help me with this form because I don’t know how to ________ it. K{B|
a. set about b. set aside c. set off d. set up `82Dm!V
18. The salesman’s ________ annoyed the old lady, but finally she gave in. ]e+&Pxw]e
a. endurance b. assistance c. resistance d. persistence 6GqC]rd*:
19. Does brain power ________ as we get older? Scientists now have some surprising answers. l(@c
a. collapse b. descend c. deduce d. decline S_;r!.
20. All experts agree that the most important consideration with diet drugs is carefully ________ the risks and benefits. Q(e
a. weighing b. valuing c. evaluating d. distinguishing 5OX[)Li
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Part II Reading Comprehension(40 points)
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Passage 1 A5%$<
Yellow Fever 18Ju]U
Hopes for victory over the disease of yellow fever were raised still further when one of a team of Rockefeller doctors, studying yellow fever in Ghana, scored a major victory in the summer of 1927. Visiting a village where there was an outbreak, the doctor took blood from a goodlooking young African, Asibi by name, who had a mild touch of fever. The doctor now injected some of his blood into four animals including one monkey that had just arrived from India. Only the monkey went down with yellow fever. For the first time the virus of the disease had been passed into an animal other than man. Having animals that could be given the disease opened the way to new lines of experiments. >7S@3,C3ke
The Asibi virus was kept going from monkey to monkey. In this way they gradually developed a virus whose power to make people ill had been greatly lowered. But still it had enough strength to develop resistance in human beings. So from the blood of a West African a vaccine was finally developed that now protects millions of people from yellow fever. j]vEo~Bbh
Such, then, was the point reached in 1932. Yellow fever appeared to be on the way out, at least in the Americas. Then there occurred an outbreak in a country district in Brazil. This was strange, since yellow fever had always been believed to be a disease of the city, one that people caught by being bitten in their own homes by the city type of mosquitoes, bred within a hundred yards of their houses. Something much more surprising, however, was in store for the members of the Brazilian Yellow Fever Service, when they reached the area. There was yellow fever in the district, without doubt. The Service found it was present by all the standard tests. But there were no city-type mosquitoes, not one. Zj1bG{G=i
One morning a doctor went into the jungle with some woodcutters. He wanted to collect mosquitoes, but they weren’t biting. The doctor was just ready to leave, when one of the men shouted that a tree was about to fall. He stood back and watched the great mass come down. Sunlight streamed through the hole made in the roof of the jungle and from the upper branches of the fallen tree rose a cloud of blue mosquitoes which circled around the men. {t!7r_hj
So it was learned that these blue mosquitoes, relatively rare on the floor of the jungle, exist in great numbers in the treetops. There too, the monkeys live. This discovery completed a chain of facts about the way jungle yellow fever is caught and spread. It is mainly a disease of monkeys in the jungle treetops. They are infected by the bites of several kinds of mosquitoes. Blue mosquitoes being one of the most common attackers. The pattern is carried on from monkey to mosquito and back to monkey. But men going into the jungle may also get the disease, particularly if their work disturbs the roof of the jungle. If the man bitten by an infected mosquito then returns to a city where there are mosquitoes of the city type, he may start again the pattern of man to mosquito to man. 49c-`[d
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21. A further advance in the fight against yellow fever was made when it was discovered that the disease could be passed from ________. vAq
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a. man to mosquito b. animal to man %H,s~IU
c. animal to mosquito d. man to animal l=((>^i
22. Jungle yellow fever can only exist where there are ________. X8N9*vy
a. any type of mosquitoes b. blue mosquitoes qd#7A ksm
c. monkeys d. animals and mosquitoes a6 0rJ#GD
23. The doctors in this in this story were interested in discovering ________. E0EK88
a. the pattern of the disease V*@Y9G
b. the signs of yellow fever @qj]`}Gx'
c. the kind of people who get the disease Id>4fF:o
d. how monkeys stay healthy ^NR
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24. An interesting finding in this story is that ________. o0|Ex\
a. only one type of mosquitoes carries yellow fever s(J>yd=
b. at least two types of mosquitoes carry yellow fever Ki7t?4Y
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c. any mosquitoes can carry the disease ws^Ne30 R
d. monkeys are necessary in keeping yellow fever going SgehOu
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Passage 2 &
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A Leap in Thought fwV2b<[
You’ve had a problem, you’ve thought about it till you were tired, forgotten it and perhaps slept on it, and then flash! When you weren’t thinking about it suddenly the answer has come to you, as a gift from the gods. .kn2M&P>=
Of course all ideas don’t come like that, but the interesting thing is that so many do, particularly the most important ones. They burst into the mind, glowing with the heat of creation. How they do it is a mystery. Psychology does not yet understand even the ordinary processes of conscious thought, but the emergence of new ideas by a “leap in thought” is particularly intriguing, because they must have come from somewhere. For the moment let us assume that they come from the “unconscious”. This is reasonable, for the psychologists use this term to describe mental processes which are unknown to the subject, and creative thought consists precisely in what was unknown becoming know. -)VjjKz]8
It seems that all truly creative activity depends in some degree on these signals from the unconscious, and the more highly intuitive the person, the sharper and more dramatic the signals become. {uoF5|O6K
But growth requires a seed, and the heart of the creative process lies in the production of the original fertile nucleus from which growth can proceed. This initial step in all creation consists in the establishment of a new unity from disparate elements, of order out of disorder, of shape from what was formless. The mind achieves this by the plastic reshaping, so as to form a new unit, of a selection of the separate elements derived from experience and stored in memory. Intuitions arise from richly unified experience. #Lp}j?Y
This process of the establishment of new from must occur in pattern of nervous activity in the brain, lying below the threshold of consciousness, which interact and combine to from more comprehensive patterns. Experimental physiology has not yet identified this process, for its methods are as yet insufficiently refined, but it may be significant that a quarter of the total bodily consumption of energy during sleep goes to the brain, even when the sense organs are at rest, to maintain the activity of the thousand million brain cells. These cells, acting together as a single organ, achieve the miracle of the production of new patterns of thought. No calculating machine can do that, for such machines can “only do what we know how to design them to do”, and these formative brain processes obey laws which are still unknown. DL1nD5
Can any practical conclusions be drawn from the experience of genius? Is there an art of thought for the ordinary person? Certainly there is no single road to success; in the world of the imagination each has to find his own way to use his own gifts. 0doJF@H
25. The description in the first paragraph may imply that ________. EG\;l9T
a. inspiration may come from the gods $D#h, `
b. in finding an answer to a problem, inspiration may come only after you have thought hard about it ,m5i(WL
c. inspiration may come only when you have forgotten the problem UU MB"3e
d. whenever you thought about the answer to a problem, you would get a flash of inspiration Zis,%XY
26. The pronoun “they” in paragraph 2 refers to ________. t'@mUX:-A
a. “many people” b. the most important people ,f$P[c
c. “many ideas” d. Psychologists X.k8w\~
27. In the sentence “This is reasonable, for the psychologists use this term to describe mental processes which are unknown to the subject”. Here “subject” refers to ________. J&,hC%]
a. a school course _#6Qf
b. a topic of a speech ,)#rD9ZnC
c. a person being treated in a certain way or being experimented on 6&ut r!\
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d. a citizen 5P"R'/[PA_
28. The writer might want to tell his readers that ________. o
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a. successful persons depend on their inspirations YRX^fZ-b
b. we ordinary people had better not blindly count on any practical conclusion from experience of genius, but find our own way to use our own gifts pTwzVz~
c. there is no genius at all BOw[*hM
d. none of the above e8^/S^ =&d
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Passage 3 fJc(
Experiments have been carried out on volunteers to see what happens when all sensations are stopped. This can be done in several ways. One method is to put a man inside a completely isolated room. This room is heavily sound-proofed and absolutely dark. There is no light or sound and the person is instructed just to lie motionless on a bed. People have stayed in rooms such as this for as long as four days. The results of sensory deprivation (SD) vary with the individual. $jE<n/8
Soon after entering the confinement cell most subjects went to sleep and slept almost without interruption for ten to twenty-four hours. These are gross estimates for there was nothing by which the subjects could determine the time which had elapsed. We know for certain that one subject slept for nineteen hours but insisted that he had had a nap of less than one hour. According to the monitoring microphone, which was capable of picking up the deep breathing of sleep, it seems more likely that most subjects slept all of the first twenty-four hours. otR7E+*3
We felt that so much sleeping in the first day wasted the effects of confinement, so we started placing subjects in SD early in the morning. We reasoned that after a night’s sleep our confined subject would be unable to dissipate (驱散) the effects of SD by sleeping. Such was not the case. As far as we could determine they went to sleep just as quickly and slept just as long as the previous subjects. We then started entering the subjects at midmorning, midday, and mid-afternoon. As it turned out, it made no difference when during the day and, presumably, during the night we started the confinement; the initial sleep period was always about the same. ZZI}
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We had not expected this extended period of initial sleep. In fact, it had seemed reasonable to expect something of the opposite. SD was a very novel situation for our subjects, and as such, we reasoned, it should have occupied them for some time. I had a similar expectation for astronauts during space flight and was greatly surprised to learn that the Russian astronaut Yuri Gagarin had been able to sleep during his space flight around the earth. \]]K{DO
Other effects were also noted. With no real sensations to work on, the brain makes up all sorts of false information. Many people experience vivid dreams and hallucinations (幻觉). When they are finally taken out of the room into the real changing world of light and sound, they are in a very strange state of mind, ready to believe anything and not really able to make decisions. @tm2Y%Y!
29. This passage is mainly about ________. F{E@snc
a. how to have a sound sleep f^B8!EY#:
b. what causes loss of sensations jeRE(3'Q
c. what will happen if sensations were lost D5P-$1KPt
d. how to lose sensations >*ls}
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30. What does “subjects” Para 3, Line2) mean in this passage? %Tp
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a. Any member of a state except the supreme ruler. 92<+ug =
b. Something to be talked or written about or studied. zMbFh_dcq
c. Person, animal or thing to be treated or dealt with. ="& GU%$
d. Theme on which a composition is based. K
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31. We can probably infer from the passage that ________. ,5;M(ft#
a. most astronauts are unable to fall asleep in space M11\Di1
b. a period of sensory deprivation would make a person hard to control pS+w4gW
c. many people are subject to fantasy while in the sensory deprivation cell qP#LJPaS
d. microphones are used to control the breathing of subjects ,FzkGB#
32. All of the following are the results of sensory deprivation except that ________. {. 9BG&
a. most subjects fell asleep and slept for a long time /'jX_
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b. some subjects didn’t know how many hours they spent sleeping (x2?{\?
c. it took a long time for the subjects to adapt themselves to sensory cell U?Jk
d. many subjects became credulous right after sensory deprivation I
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Passage 4 1cOR?=G~
I came across an old country guide the other day. It listed all the tradesmen in each village in my part of the country, and it was impressive to see the great variety of services which were available on one’s own doorstep in the late Victorian countryside. z)C/U
Nowadays a superficial traveler in rural England might conclude that the only village tradesmen still flourishing were either selling frozen food to the inhabitants or selling antiques to visitors. Nevertheless, this would really be a false impression. Admittedly there has been a contraction of village commerce, but its vigor is still remarkable. _{k*JT2
Our local grocer’s shop, for example, is actually expanding in spite of the competition from supermarkets in the nearest town. Women sensibly prefer to go there and exchange the local news while doing their shopping, instead of queuing up at a supermarket. And the proprietor (店主) knows well that personal service has a substantial cash value. +=E\sEe
His prices may be a bit higher than those in the town, but he will deliver anything at any time. His assistants think nothing of bicycling down the village street in their lunch hour to take a piece of cheese to an old age pensioner who sent her order by word of mouth with a friend who happened to be passing. The more affluent customers telephone their shopping lists and the goods are on their doorsteps within an hour. They have only to hint at a fancy for some commodity outside the usual stock and the grocer, a red-faced figure, instantly obtains it for them. zBy} > Jx
The village gains from this sort of enterprise, of course. But I also find it satisfactory because a village shop offers one of the few ways in which a modest individualist can still get along in the world without attaching himself to the big battalions of industry or commerce. CjpGo}a/
33. The services available in village nowadays are normally ________. 9lYfII}4(
a. fewer but still very active Qpmq@iL
b. less successful than earlier but managing to survive zJw5+
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c. active in providing food for the village, and tourist goods rk1,LsZVS
d. surprisingly energetic considering the little demand for them 59)w+AW
34. The local grocer’s shop is expanding ________. 3Y38lP:>h
a. because women spend a lot of their tie there just gossiping x>EL|Q=?
b. even though town shops are larger and rather cheaper {OPEW`F
c. in spite of the fact that people like to shop where they are less well-known V>QyiB
d. for people get frozen food as well as antiques % vUU
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35. How do the village grocer’s assistants feel about giving extra service? +I3Vfv
a. They tend to forget it >
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b. They will not consider it 5m~9Vl-&
c. It does not seem worth their while I^k&v V
d. They take it for granted Yg.[R]
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36. Another aspect of personal service available in the village shop is that ________. $t%IJT
a. there is a very wide range of goods available BZW03e8|
b. rare goods are obtained whenever they are needed 8HKv_vl
c. special attention is given to the needs of wealthier customers <CuUwv
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d. goods are always restocked before they run out v>`Fo[c
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Passage 5 y5eEEG6
Until about 200 years ago. Change was so slow that people presumed that the lives of their children and grandchildren would not be very much different from their own. I;'{X_9$a
And then came the 20th century, when people went from flying in their first airplane at Kity Hawk to planting their first footsteps on the moon – all in the blink of a lifetime. One group of scientists haws said that the rate of change in our contemporary world is running a million times faster than the rate of humans’ ability to adjust to the new situations. <w^u^)iLy1
Here is how some futurists say Americans may live in the opening years of the next millennium. Im~DK
The World Future Society, a nonprofit organization in Maryland, predicts that supermarkets may become hydroponics greenhouses where shoppers pick their own produce from the vine. And for those who would not care for such a hands – on experience, groceries could be electronically ordered and automatically delivered into refrigerators that open outside and inside the house. .@)vJtH)
Marvin J. Cetron, founder and president of Forecasting International Ltd., a consulting company in Arlington, Virginia, said he believes that by 2006, people will have personal diagnostic and meal preparation machines. If you eat too much, the diagnostic machine will tell you to exercise. GV0@We~
Many experts anticipate advances in biotechnology that could lead to cows that produce low-fat milk, disease-resistant potatoes grown by crossing them with a chicken gene and pork made leaner by introducing a cow gene into the pig’s genetic pool. 5/n L[4Z
But if, as expected, the world’s human population doubles in the next 40 years, the pressure to produce food to feed everyone is gong to be immense, said Lester R. Brown, head of the Worldwatch Institute, in Washington, He notes in his book, “Vital Signs 1995” that “the pace of history is accelerating as soaring human demands collide with the Earth’s natural limits.” sA?8i:]O:
How about medicine? For many people, particularly aging baby boomers, a big question will be, how can you add years to your life? Many futurists say that will be possible, at least for those who can afford it. gNW+Dq|X%
By 2020, the complete DNA structure will be mapped. Mr. Cetron said: “Doctors will know a person’s genetic characteristics right from birth, even before birth.” %l!A%fn(
That could guide doctors to tailor life styles and treatments to help patients avoid disorders they are prone to develop. Coupled with genetic medicine, he said, a child born in 2010 could expect to live 120 years. 8
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But Mr. Brown of the Worldwatch Institute cautioned that public health and medicine are likely to be challenged by another global trend: the rise in infectious diseases and their increased immunity to antibiotics. =?C <