(1)疑问词+不定式结构 0=L:
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疑问词who,what,which,when,where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语和双重宾语。如: l)=Rj`M
When to start has not been decided.何时动身尚未决定。(主语) s 6vsV
I don't know what to do.我不知道该怎么办。(宾语) }c%QF
The difficulty was how to cross the river.困难在于如何过河。(表语) q;t
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I can tell you where to get this book.我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。(双重宾语) mcp}F|ws
(注)A.有时疑问词前可用介词,如: <iJ->$
I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道如何做此事。 p>|;fS\`@}
B.动词know 后面不能直接跟不定式作宾语,只能跟疑问词(如:how, what)+不定式: Gzc{2"p
While still a young boy, Tom knew to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen. Xk(c2s&
(2)介词except和but作“只有…,只能…”讲时跟不定式结构(but与不带to的不定式连用)。 @j5W4HU
When the streets are full of melting snow, you cannot help but getting your shoes wet. AEOo]b*&d
(3)不带to的不定式 2syKYHV
1)在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带to。这类词有: YDC[s ^d5
feel 觉得 observe 注意到,看到 overhear听到 e=1&mO?
watch注视 listen to听 perceive察觉,感知 +%$!sp?
notice注意 see看见 look at看 hear听 :}o0Eb
On seeing the young child fell into the lake,Eric sprang to his feet,and went on the rescue. #CHsH{d
2)另一类是某些使役动词,如make, let,have等。如: 6>SP5|GG
Let him do it.让他做吧。 -Ufd+(
I would have you know that I am ill.我想要你知道我病了。 (#X/sZQh
(注): \SA5@
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①上述感觉动词与使役动词转换为被动结构时。其后的不定式一般需带to,如: DZR kK3
He was seen to come. Xv9kJ
The boy was made to go to bed early. O&E1(M|*>
②在动词find与help之后,不定式可带to亦可不带to,如: L8TT54fM
He was surprised to find the sheep (to) break fence at this season.他发现羊在此季节越出栅栏,感到惊讶。 ce1KUwo]
3)在do nothing/anything/everything but(except)结构中。例如: v9u/<w68!
Last night I did nothing but watch TV.昨天晚上,我除了看电视别的什么也没有干。 vn6/H8
但是,如果谓语动词不是“do nothing,anything,everything”,那么but(except)所跟的不定式则仍须带。 q~_Nv5r%O
The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking.医生除了让他戒烟,其它什么都没有说。 no)Spo'
There was nothing for them to do but to remain silent.除了保持沉默以外,他们没有别有别的办法。 \
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(4)不定式与动名词的逻辑主语和分词独立结构 /vD5C
1)不定式的逻辑主语为:for +名词(或代词宾格)+ 不定式。例如: Tf21K9+`L
I found it impossible for him to do the job alone.我发现他—个人干这活是不可能的。 uy~5!i&
(注)在表示人物性格、特性等的形容词后面,常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语。例如: 2fFNJ
It was wise of him to do that.他那样做是明智的。 W6E9
2)动名词的逻辑主语为;①人称代词的所有格+动名词;②名词‘s+动名词。例如: q !EJs:AS
Tom insisted on my going with them.他坚持要我和他们一起去。 X+?*Tw!\
He dislikes his wife's working late.他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。 --Dw8FR9
3)某些形容词,如:careless等不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语。这类词主要有:absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel ,selfish, wicked, wrong等 "n7rbh3VW
It is very kind of you to help me.你帮助我太好了。 D3HE~zkI
间或也可用for + there to be表示(而且there后面的不定式只能是to be)。 {!o-y=
It's a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company.太遗憾了公司里有这么多的麻烦。 43A6B