考博英语语法重点总结 b~m|mb$
独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 *m Xs(u
独立主格特征 }Gm/9@oKc
1. 充当句子的状语。 J9/}ZD^
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 # k<j`0kiq
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 "4qv
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4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） S%m$LM]NCg
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. W% cJ#R[o
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. q/yL={H?
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). <lwkjt=RV
真题剖析 bT{iei]?
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. gEU|Bx/!=
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because ;- X5#
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. S-k:+ 4
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be Q'S"$^~{
虚拟语气
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虚拟语气（2） V}kQXz"9
1. （should）+动词原形 u DpCW}
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 ?ydqmj2[F
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 >
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It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 v5;V$EGD&
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 4R/cN' -
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 &z(E-w/S
would rather +动词过去式 xMu[#\ Vc
真题剖析 hf~'EdU
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … G&HCOR!h
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t i7 /I8y
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. vC9
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53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded x2 bKFJ>e@
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. O+^l>+ZGj?
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take `i,l)X]
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. j:;[Y `2
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) #DI%l`B
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should .A. VOf_
非谓语动词 D 1Q@4
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动名词、分词、不定式。 ?B"k9+%5ej
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) .MzVc42<
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) 1sqBBd"=PY
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 WDC+Jmlgp
真题剖析 oXef<- :
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. qBKRm0< W
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops k e
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(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. N<|_ tC+ct
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative XvU^DE fW
主谓一致 \<}4D\qz
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 ?+]prbt)
How you got there doesn’t concern me. &p)]Cl/`
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. zq=X;}qYj
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 pO* $ '8L
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. J3F-Yl|
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 Ua>lf8w<
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 csceu+ IA
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). -K 7jigac
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 H] 6i1j
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. EqN <" " 2
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) TSGJ2u5ie%
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） ~6HpI0i
He no less than John is interested in literature. 0]3 ,0s $}
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) Q]9+-p(=
Either my father or my brothers are coming. *Kp
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8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 {`FkiB` i
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. LH=gNFgzt
真题剖析 D5o[z:V7"
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. Tz\ PQ)!
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some laR cEXj
倒装 J** -q(>
全部倒装 C 2f=9n/
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” aC\ O'K cH
There stand big buildings in this district.
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Here on the desk lies a pile of books. Vs[A
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) eGwO!Lv}B
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. r8.`W\SKX
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 ( Dy6I;S
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. 9H~2
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4. 表语位于句首 b W]7$?acv
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. ~XzT~WxW
Not far from here is a famous university. oO0dN1/
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 Kyf,<z F
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. _ Sq*m=
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. Xkq q$A4
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） hTEwp.
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. O'm5k l
部分倒装 h23 "<
1. 疑问句 @
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2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） Bj=l Un`T:
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. `rLcJcW
3. “only+状语”位于句首 8l1s]K qr
Only when he comes back can be leave. NmuzAZr
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 Y>/T+ub
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. ]<3n;*8k?
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) wD\viu q0
By no means should you break the rules. `hl8j\HV<}
At no time should we give in to difficulties. R_4 eME2LB
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) ;u8a %h!
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” V&h{a8xa$
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. 6~!QibA|P
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
