四川大学细胞生物学考博真题

管理提醒: 本帖被 nanafly 从新博友见面礼移动到本区(2020-02-11)

考生请注意：
1．本试题共5大题，共12页，请考生注意检查，考试时间为180分钟。
2．1-70题答案请填写在机读卡相应处，否则不给分。
3．翻译和作文请答在答题纸上，答在试题上不给分。书写要求字迹清楚、工整。


I．Reading Comprehension (30%; one mark each)
Directions: Read the following six passages. Answer thequestions below each passage by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Write youranswers on the Answer Sheet.

Passage One
In general, oursociety is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucraticmanagement in which man becomes a small,well-oiled cog in the machinery. Theoiling is done with higher wages, Nell-ventilated factories and piped music,and by psychologists and “human-relations” experts; yet all this oiling doesnot alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he is bored with it. Infact, the blue and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets whodance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.
The worker andemployee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job;they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfactionof interesting life. They live and die without ever having confronted thefundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectuallyindependent and productive human beings.
Those higher up onthe social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than thoseof their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They arein a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matterof salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for theirfirst job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture ofsubmissiveness and independence. From the moment on they are tested again andagain-by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by theirsuperiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc.This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’sfellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes ofunhappiness and illness.
Am I suggestingthat we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or tonineteenth-century “free enterprise” capitalism? Certainly not. Problems thenever solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggesttransforming our social system form, a bureaucratically managed industrialismin which maxima, production and consumption are ends in themselves, into ahumanist industrialism in which man and full development of hispotentialities-those of all love and of reason-are the aims of socialarrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this endand should be prevented from ruling man.

1. By “awell-oiled cog in the machinery” the author intends to deliver the idea thatman is ____.
[A] anecessary part of the society though each individual’s function is negligible
[B] workingin complete harmony with the rest of the society
[C] anunimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society
[D] ahumble component of the society, especially when working smoothly
2. The real causeof the anxiety of the workers and employees is that ____.
[A] theyare likely to lose their jobs
[B] theyhave no genuine satisfaction or interest in life
[C] theyare faced with the fundamental realities of human existence
[D] theyare deprived of their individuality and independence
3. From thepassage we can conclude that real happiness of life belongs to those ____.
[A] who areat the bottom of the society
[B] who arehigher up in their social status
[C] whoprove better than their fellow-competitors
[D] whocould dip fir away from this competitive world
4. To solve thepresent social problems the author puts forward a suggestion that we should____.
[A] resortto the production mode of our ancestors
[B] offerhigher wages to the workers and employees
[C] enableman to fully develop his potentialities
[D] takethe fundamental realities for granted
5. The author’sattitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of ____.
[A] approval                                        [B] dissatisfaction
[C]suspicion                                        [D] susceptibility
答案：CDDCB
Passage Two
The government-runcommand post in Tunisis staffed around the clock by military personnel, meteorologists andcivilians. On the wall are maps, crisscrossed with brightly colors arrows thatpainstakingly track the fearsome path of the enemy.
What kind ofinvader gives rise to such high-level monitoring? Not man, not beast, but thelowly desert locust（蝗虫）. In recent moths, billions of the3-inch-long winged warriors have descended on Algeria,Libya, Morocco and Tunisia, blackening the sky andeating up crops and vegetation. The insect invasion, the worst in 30 years, isalready creating great destruction in the Middle East and is now treatingsouthern Europe. The current crisis began inlate 1985 near the Red Sea. Unusually rainyweather moistened the sands of the Sudan, making them ideal breedinggrounds for the locust, which lays its eggs in the earth. The insect onslaughtthreatens to create yet another African famine. Each locust can eat its weight(not quite a tenth of an ounce) in vegetation every 24 hours. A good-size swarmof 50 billion insects eats up 100,000 tons of grass, trees and crops in asingle night.
All $150 millionmay be needed this year. The U.S.has provided two spraying planes and about 50,000 gal. of pesticide. The European Community hasdonated $3.8 million in aid and the Soviet Union, Canada,Japan and China haveprovided chemical-spraying aircraft to help wipe out the pests. But reliefefforts are hampered by the relative mildness of approved pesticides, whichquickly lose their deadly punch and require frequent replications. The mosteffective locust killer Dieldrin has been linked to cancer and is banned bymany Western countries and some of the affected African nations. More than 5million acres have been dusted with locust-killing chemicals; another 5 millionwill be treated by the end of June.
On May 30,representatives of Tunisia, Algeria, Libya,Morocco and Mauritania will meet in Algiers to discuss tactics to wipe out theravenous swarms. The move is an important step, but whatever plan is devised,the locust plague promised to get worse before the insects can be brought undercontrol.
6. The main ideaof the first sentence in the passage is that ____.
[A] thecommand post is stationed with people all the time.
[B] thecommand post is crowded with people all the time.
[C] thereare clocks around the command post.
[D] theclock in the command post is taken care of by the staff.
7. The favorablebreeding ground for the locust is ____.
[A] richsoil.
[B] wetland
[C] spacescovered crops and vegetation
[D] the Red Sea
8. People arealert at the threat of the locust because ____.
[A] theinsects are likely to create another African famine.
[B] theinsects may blacken the sky.
[C] thenumber of the insects increases drastically.
[D] theinsects are gathering and moving in great speed.
9. Which of thefollowing is true?
[A] Oncethe pesticides are used, locust will die immediately.
[B] Reliefefforts are proved most fruitful due to the effectiveness of certainpesticides.
[C]Dieldrin, the most effective locust killer, has been widely accepted in manycountries.
[D] Over 10million acres of affected area will have been treated with locust-killingchemicals by the end of June.
10. The purposefor affected nations to meet in Algierson May 30 is ____.
[A] todevise antilocust plans.
[B] to wipeout the swarms in two years.
[C] to callout for additional financial aid from other nations.
[D] tobring the insects under control before the plague gets worse.
答案：BBADA
Passage Three
The London 2012sustainability watchdog embroiled in a row overthe sports ship of the Olympic Stadium by Dow Chemical is to push theInternational Olympic Committee to appoint an “ethics champion” for future Games.
The Commission fora Sustainable London 2012 has been bruised by criticism over Dow’s sponsorshipof the wrap that will surround the Olympic stadium, particularly sincecommissioner Meredith Alexander last month resigned in protest.
Campaigners believethat Dow has ongoing liabilities relating to the 1984 Bhopal disaster that resulted in the deathsof an estimated 20,000 people and the serious injury of tens of thousands more.Dow, which bought the owner of the plant in 2001, insists that all liabilitieshave been settled in full.
Commissionchairman Shaun McCarthy said that its tight sustainability remit did not extendto acting as moral guardian of the Olympic movement but that it would press forsuch a role to be created when evaluating sponsors for future Games.
In addition tosponsoring the 7m poundswrap that will surround the Olympic Stadium, Dow has a separate 100m dollars sponsorship deal with the IOCthat was signed in 2010.
But McCarthy alsodefended the commission’s role in evaluating the Dow deal, after AmnestyInternational wrote to London 2012 chairman Lord Coe to raise the issue.
“What has beenlost in all of this story is that a really excellent, sustainable product hasbeen procured, we looked at Locog’s examination of Dow Chemical’s currentcorporate responsibility policies and, again, Dow achieved that highest scorein that evaluation. We verified that.” said McCarthy.
“As far as thehistory is concerned and issues around Bhopal,there is no doubt Bhopalwas a terrible disaster and snore injustice was done to the victims. Who isresponsible for that injustice is a matter for the courts and a matter forothers. We have a specific remit and terms of reference that we operate underand we have operated diligently under those terms.”
The commissionwill on Thursday release its annual review. It finds that “good press” has beenmade to wands many of Locog’s sustainability target, but that “majorchallenges” remain.
In particular, thecommission found that there was no coherent strategy to achieve a 20% reductionin carbon emissions after an earlier scheme to use renewable energy feelthrough when a wind turbine on the site proved impractical.
“We hadconversations with Locog over a year ago about this and said they had todemonstrate how they were going to achieve at least 20% carbon reductionsthrough energy conservation if they’re not going to do it through renewableenergy,” said McCarthy. “There are some good initiatives, but quite franklythey just haven’t done it.”

11. Why was Dow’ssponsorship criticized according to the passage?
[A] Theproducts are not sustainable.
[B] It wasrelated to Bhopaldisaster.
[C] Itbribed the LondonOlympic committee.
[D] Itcan’t reduce 20% of the carbon emission.
12. What isParagraph 4 mainly about?
[A]Commission’s role
[B]Commission’s achievements
[C]Commission’s complaints
[D]Commission’s defense
13. Which of thefollowing words can best replace the underlined word “row” (Para. 1)?
[A]line                                               [B] argument
[C]boating                                          [D] course
14. What is one ofthe challenges of the sustainability target mentioned in the passage?
[A] Ethicchampion of the games.
[B]Reduction in carbon emissions.
[C] Thewind turbine proved to be impractical.
[D]Renewable energy is not available.
15. Which of thefollowing can best summarize the passage?
[A]Commission defends its own role in evaluating controversial.
[B] Dow’sway to the 2012 London Olympic Games.
[C]Campaign against Dow’s sponsorship.
[D] IOC’sreview on the controversy.

Passage Four
As Facebookdominates the news with its initial public offering, activists are seizing themoment to pressure the company to add some estrogen and ethnicity to itswhite-male board.
A women’s rightsgroup called Ultraviolet, which has been running an online petition that claimsto have attracted more than 50,000 signatures, is escalating its push, postinga new YouTube video called “Do Women Have a Future at Facebook?”. The videoshows photos of successful women such as Hillary Clinton getting their headscropped off the replaced with the smiling face of Facebook founder MarkZuckerberg.
“Facebook hasgrown off the backs of women, who make up the majority of its users and areresponsible for the majority of sharing and fan activity on the site,” thegroup says in a blurb accompanying the video. An all-male board, the groupsays, is “not just wrong, it’s bad for business”. A related campaign, calledFace It, criticizes the lack of ethnic diversity on the seven-member board.“seven white men: That’s ridiculous,” the group says on its homepage, alongside headshots of the men. The campaign, which lists dozens of human-rightsgroups and corporate executives as supporters, also has its own YouTube video.Called “Face it, Facebook”, the video cites a recent Zuckerberg letter toinvestors that says:“Facebook was not originally created to be a company. Itwas built to accomplish a social mission-to make the world more open andconnected.”
That messageis at odds with the pale-faced board, activists say. SusanStautberg, co-chairwoman of Women Corporate Directors, an organization forfemale corporate board members, says Zuckerberg’s thinking is flawed. “Ifyou’re trying to expand a company globally, then you want someone on the boardwho has built a global brand,” she says. “Most of these guys on Facebook’sboard all have the same skills-they’re mostly from Silicon Valley and Washington. You wantsomeone who has worked in Chinaand Indiaand rising markets. You want someone who has marketed to women. When you’reputting together a board, you don’t want your best friends, you want the bestpeople.”
Having zero femaledirectors does not appear to be a good business plan, research shows. Companieswith women on the board perform substantially better than companies withall-mall boards, according to a 2011 study of Fortune 500 companies conductedby the research group Catalyst. The study showed that over the course of fourto five years, companies with three or more female board members, on average,outperformed companies with no female board members by 84 percent when it cameto return on sales and by 60 percent when it came to return on investedcapital.
Facebook maysecretly be on the lookout for a female board member, according to a recentBloomberg report. Citing unnamed sources, Bloomberg said Facebook had enlistedthe corporate-recruitment firm Spencer Stuart to help seek some diversity.Spencer Stuary says it does not comment on clients due to confidentialityagreements.

16. Which of thefollowing descriptions is CORRECT about the Ultraviolet Group?
[A] It is anon-government organization.
[B] It isappealing for “more female roles in big corporations like Facebook” through theInternet.
[C] It hasthe support of many female celebrities such as Hillary Clinton.
[D] It isgetting more and more support from the society.
17. Which of thefollowing descriptions is INCORRECT about the campaign “Face It”?
[A] Itpointed out the irrational composition of Facebook’s board of directors.
[B] Thecampaign has plenty of human-rights supporters.
[C] Itindicated the original objective of Zuckerberg’s establishment of Facebook.
[D] It isconstantly using other media devices to support Facebook.
18. The underlinedphrase “at odds with” in the fourth paragraph has the closest meaning of ____.
[A] againstallodds                               [B] supported by
[C]disagreewith                                  [D] waifs and strays
19. According toSusan Stauberg, a well-performed business should _____.
[A] have acomplex system of management.
[B] possessthe most market globally.
[C] haveyour best and close friends as your board members.
[D] have adiverse board member in which everyone has his/her own specialties and cancontribute different skills into the corporation.
20. What willprobably happen to Facebook?
[A] Thecorporation will turn to Spencer Stuart for recruiting more female boardmembers.
[B] The corporationwill dominate the news because its worldwide popularity.
[C] Thecorporation will gradually lose its users because it does not have female boardmembers.
[D] None ofthe above.

Passage Five
For thisgeneration of young people, the future looks bleak. Only one in six is workingfull time. Three out of five live with their parents or other relatives. Alarge majority-73 percent-think they need more education to find a successfulcareer, but only half of those say they will definitely enroll in the next fewyears. No, they are not the idle youth of Greeceor Spain or Egypt. They arethe youth of America,the world’s richest country, who do not have college degrees and aren’t gettingthem anytime soon. Whatever the sob stories about recent collegegraduates spinning their wheels as baristas or clerks, thesituation for their less-educated peers is far worse. For this group, findingwork that pays a living wage and offers some sense of security has beenelusive.
Despite thecontinuing national conversation about whether college is worth it given thedebt burden it entails, most high school graduates without college degrees saidthey believe they would be unable to get good jobs without more education.
Getting it ischallenging, though, and not only because of formidable debt levels. Ms.McClour and her husband, Andy, have two daughters under 3 and another due nextmonth. She said she tried enrolling in college classes, but the workload becametoo stressful with such young children. Mr. McClour works at a gas station. Hehates his work and wants to study phlebotomy, but the nearest school is an hourand half away.
Many of theseyoung people had been expecting to go to college since they started highschool, perhaps anticipating that employers would demand skills high schools donot teach. Just one in ten high school graduates without college degrees saidthey were “extremely well prepared by their high school to succeed in their jobafter graduation.” These young people worried about getting left behind andwere pessimistic about reaching some of the milestones that make up theAmerican dream. More than half-56 percent-of high school graduates withoutcollege diplomas said that their generation would have less financial successthan their parents. About the same share believed they would find work thatoffered health insurance within that time frame. Slightly less than half ofrespondents said the next few years would bring work with good job security ora job with earnings that were high “enough to lead a comfortable life”. Theywere similarly pessimistic about being able to start a family or buy a home.
The online surveywas conducted between March 21 and April 2, and covered a nationallyrepresentative survey of 544 high school graduates from the classes of 2006-11who did not have bachelor’s degrees. The margin of sampling error was plus orminus 5 percentage points.

21. What does theunderlined phrase “spinning their wheels” mean in Paragraph 1?
[A]fastening thepace                              [B] confusing the situation
[C] askingforhelp                                   [D] scooting out
22. What will thehigh school graduates probably do according to the article?
[A] Findjobs right after graduation.
[B] Receivefurther study in college.
[C] Go tojoin the national conversation.
[D] Pay forthe debt.
23. What does thestory of “Andy and Ms. McClour” try to inform us?
[A] Theyboth prefer making money to education.
[B]Colleges do not accept students who are married and have children.
[C]Although people are eager to join in the college, life burden may block in theway.
[D] None ofthe above.
24. What is thefinancial outlook for this generation compared with their parents?
[A] Theyhave a prosperous outlook compared with the last generation.
[B] Theirfinancial situation is not as successful as their parents.
[C] Itdepends on how hard they work and their educational background.
[D] Notmentioned in the article.
25. What can weinfer from the last sentence?
[A] Theonline survey is done nationally.
[B] Theresult of the survey is completely trustworthy.
[C] Thereis more or less inaccuracy of the survey.
[D] Thesurvey will have a continuous part coming soon.

Passage Six
Some 60 years ago,George Orwell wrote an allegorical novel, called Nineteen Eighty-Four,to describe life in a futuristic Britain under a one partypolice-sate presided over by an all-powerful figure known as Big Brother. Oneof the fealures of the nasty world described by Orwell was its systematicmisuse of language, which went by the name of “Newspeak”. By re-defining wordsand endlessly repeating them, the Ministry of Truth through the Thought Policewas able to control what people thought, and through that, their actions.Language was instrumental in destroying the culture.
The same techniqueis being used by different people today, with similar effects. In all areas ofpublic administration, the words “spouse”, “husband” and “wife” have beenreplace by the word “partner”, although the words are subtly but substantiallydifferent in meaning, and convey different realities. In some schools anduniversity departments, feminist ideologues have dictated that the personalpronoun “he” must not be used, and is replaced by the word “they”, which meanssomething different. The word “homophobic”, which just a few years ago was usedto describe a person who supported vigilante action against homosexuals, is nowbeing used to describe anyone who defends the universal definition of marriage.
Although thetransformation of language is seen most obviously around social issues, it isalso being used systematically to shape political debate. So, we are told thatthe federal government is introducing a Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme,which is newspeak for its new carbon tax. The fact is that the new tax is notremotely concerned with “carbon pollution” at all, but rather with emissions ofthe gas CO2 which is not a pollutant by any credible definition,but rather, an essential building block in every cell in every living plant andcreature. By the government’s own admission, it will not lead to any reductionin CO2 levels, either in Australiaor globally. And the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme is being introduced inAustralia at the same time the government is expanding exports of coal, whichis virtually 100 percent carbon, to countries such as China.
We live in asociety in which the ordinary meaning of words is being systematicallymanipulated by spin-doctors and ideologues, as a means of changing the waypeople think, and, more fundamentally, the way they act. Language is animportant part of the culture wars. For those of us who see this as a challengeto the foundations of society, it is important that we identify the problem andexpose it.
It is clearlypreferable to avoid using the new debased, transformed language of thepolitically-correct left, although this can be difficult in situations whereconstant usage has already normalized it, as has happened with the term“same-sex marriage”. The alternative phrase, “same-sex unions”, has a differentmeaning. When such terms are used, they should be identified for what they are:a form of linguistic dishonesty, designed to undermine existing institutionsand transform them.

26. Which of thefollowing descriptions is INCORRECT about George Orwell’s allegoricalnovel Nineteen Eighty-Four?
[A] Itdescribes a story that happens in the future.
[B] One ofthe features in the novel is the misuse of language.
[C] It isthe most famous detective novel in the world.
[D] It waswritten in the 20th century.
27. Which of thefollowing is NOT mentioned as an example of misuse of language?
[A]Feminists insist “he” be replaced by “they”.
[B]“Partner” has taken the place of “husband” and “wife”.
[C] “Homophobic”is now being employed to refer to defend conventional understanding ofmarriage.
[D] Themeaning of “literacy” is no longer restricted to the ability to read and write.
28. The example ofcarbon pollution is used to illustrate _______.
[A] transformationof language is usually seen in social issues.
[B]transformation of language is also tracked in political debate.
[C]transformation of language is generated in the age of information.
[D]transformation of language is legitimate to a certain extent.
29. The underlinedword “credible” in Para. 3 means ______.
[A]reliable                                          [B] correct
[C]beneficial                                       [D] provable
30. According tothe passage, transformed language serves to _______.
[A] makepeople sound fashionable
[B] changethe way people think and act
[C]eliminate discrimination against minorities
[D] None ofthe above

II. Vocabulary(10%; 0.5 mark each)
31. The town wasflooded when the river burst its banks. To make it worse, the storm _____outside.
   [A]raided                  [B]ragged               [C] raged                [D]reaped
32. My new laptopcan _____ information much more quickly than my old computer.
   [A]proceed                [B]precede             [C]produce            [D] process
33. The country’sfailure to abide by the Kyoto Protocol was _____ in all newspapers.
   [A]announced            [B] denounced         [C]renounced          [D] trounced
34. The company has_____ over three decades into a multi-million dollar organization.
   [A]evolved                [B] revolved           [C] involved           [D] devolved
35. We would liketo _____ our customers of the best possible service.
   [A]assure                  [B]ensure              [C]insure               [D] ensue
36. The governmenthas promised to offer 10 million of emergency food aid to help ______ thefamine in this region.
   [A]release                 [B]relate                [C] reveal               [D]relieve
37. The course_____ two years’ training into six intensive months.
   [A]impresses             [B] compresses         [C]depresses           [D]represses
38. Make sure youpour the juice into the glass without _____ it.
   [A]splitting               [B]spilling             [C] spinning           [D] spitting
39. The vastmajority of people in any culture _____ to the established standard of thatculture.
   [A]confine                [B] conform           [C] confront           [D] confirm
40. Tom pointedout that the living standard of urban and _____ people continued to improve.
   [A]remote                                              [B] municipal          [C] rural[D] provincial
41. The Egyptians_____ an area almost equal to Franceand Spaincombined.
   [A]dwell                   [B]settle                [C] reside               [D] inhabit
42. I’m going tohave to take these clothes off, for I’m _____ to the skin!
   [A]dipped                 [B] soaked              [C] immersed           [D]submerged
43. The WHO has tocome up with new and effective measures to _____ his next move in the game.
   [A]limit                    [B]cut                   [C]curb                 [D] keep
44. My grandfathersat back in his chair for a few minutes to _____ his next move in the game.
   [A]think                    [B]ponder              [C] reflect              [D] dwell
45. At this schoolwe aim to _____ the minds of all the students by reading.
   [A]cultivate               [B]instruct             [C] teach                [D] coach
46. Most doctors_____ on a diet which contains a lot of fat.
   [A]criticize                [B]object               [C] oppose              [D] frown
47. Since youintend to sell your house, how will you _____ of all the furniture?
   [A]disapprove            [B]discard             [C] dispose             [D] disregard
48. Thepoliticians were discussing the best way to _____ democracy and prosperity intheir country.
   [A]hinder                  [B]foster               [C] linger               [D] quote
49. Only onemember of the committee _____ from the final report.
   [A]dissented              [B]crawled            [C] whispered          [D] redeemed
50. We always tryto _____ him with financial assistance if necessary.
   [A]dazzle                  [B]sanction            [C] accommodate     [D] terminate

III. Cloze(10%; 0.5 mark each)
The term “qualityof life” is difficult to define. It (51) a very wide scope such as livingenvironment, health, employment, food, family life, friends, education,material possessions, leisure and recreation, and so on. (52) speaking, thequality of life, especially (53) seen by the individual, is meaningful in termsof the degree (54) which these various areas of life are available or provide(55) for the individual.
As activitycarried (56) as one thinks fit during one’s spare time, leisure has thefollowing (57): relaxation, recreation and entertainment, and personaldevelopment. The importance of these varies according to the nature of one’sjob and one’s life style. (58), people who need to (59) much energy in theirwork will find relaxation most (60) in leisure. Those with a better educationand in professional occupations may (61) more to seek recreation and personaldevelopment (e.g.(62) of skills and hobbies) in leisure.
The specific useof leisure (63) from individual to individual. (64) the same leisure activitymay be used differently by different individuals. Thus, the following arepossible uses of television watching, a (65) leisure activity, a change ofexperience to provide (66) from the stress and strain of work; to learn moreabout what is happening in one’s environment; to provide an opportunity forunderstanding oneself by (67) other people’s life experiences as (68) in theprograms.
Since leisure isbasically self-determined, one is able to take (69) his interests andpreferences and get (70) in an activity in ways that will bring enjoyment andsatisfaction.

51. [A]composes             [B]consists             [C] covers              [D] constitutes
52. [A]Basically              [B]Frankly            [C] Primarily           [D]Generally
53. [A]when                   [B] as                     [C]while                [D] which
54. [A]to                        [B]as                     [C]of                    [D] in
55. [A]satisfaction           [B] information        [C]respect              [D] admiration
56. [A] out                      [B]through            [C] away                [D] off
57. [A]effects                 [B] operations          [C]functions           [D]features
58. [A]However              [B]Thus                 [C] Nevertheless       [D] Yet
59. [A]provide                [B]hire                  [C] exercise            [D] exert
60. [A]preferable            [B] desirable           [C] obtainable          [D]perfect
61. [A]tend                     [B]prefer               [C] enjoy                [D] oblige
62. [A]training                [B] promotion          [C]nurturing           [D]cultivation
63. [A]varies                  [B]differs              [C] changes            [D] alters
64. [A]Still                     [B]Yet                   [C]Even                [D] So
65. [A]correct                 [B] adequate           [C] precise              [D] proper
66. [A]separation            [B]escape              [C] flight                [D] isolation
67. [A]contrasting           [B] comparing         [C]matching           [D]measuring
68. [A]portrayed             [B] described           [C]related              [D] narrated
69. [A]after                    [B]on                    [C] with                 [D] to
70. [A]involved              [B] participated        [C]attended            [D] employed
IV. Translation(30%)
Part A (20%)
Translate thefollowing passage into Chinese.
The impact ofdecentralization trends, of course, extends well beyond cities. Sprawlingdevelopment patterns are destabilizing many of the suburbs that surround citiesin this country. Older suburbs are experiencing the same challenges as cities:failing schools, persistent crime, and the loss of jobs and businesses to other,further out suburbs. Even suburban areas that are developing rapidly arefinding that explosive growth has its drawbacks, especially in the form ofovercrowded schools, but also in long commutes and the inability of localgovernments to pay for new roads, sewers, and other infrastructure.
In the wake ofdecentralizing economies, central cities remain the residence of “choice” forlow-and moderate-income families. While poverty has declined in central cities,urban poverty rates are still twice as high as suburban poverty rates, 18.8percent as against 9.0 percent in 2011 Cities and older suburbs are alsodisproportionately home to families whose earnings are above the poverty level,but below median income (national median income is $37,000 a yeas and 200 percent of the poverty for afamily of three is $27,000 ayear).
The implicationsof concentrated poverty are severe. People in these neighborhoods often face atriple whammy: poor schools, weak job information networks, and scarce jobs.They are more likely to live in female-headed households and have less formaleducations than residents of other neighborhoods.
Part B (10%)
Translate thefollowing sentences into English.
71．俗话说，牙疼不是病，但疼起来真要命。前些日子我突然开始牙疼，随便找了点止疼药，希望赶紧止住疼痛。可试了好些天都不管用，最后还是得找牙医。
72．自由贸易就意味着竞争，而竞争则意味着风险，特别是当它影响到国家繁荣的时候。所以国家会想办法保护自己免遭自由贸易的冲击。
73．然而，退休后，社会安全福利只取代了一般人收入的约40%。而多数财政顾问认为，退休者将需要大约70%-80%工作时的收入，方能过上舒适的退休生活。
74．大多数与他人不愉快的经历都是无心的，很容易通过保持无成见的、公开诚恳的交流来补救。礼节性常识是一种有价值的优势，因为在很多场合，要获得第二次机会也许不切实际。
75．虽说分离的确是种美德，但是在社交媒体上过度分离，不仅会伤害友情更是会殃及事业前途。人们需要在私生活与职场生活、分离与炫耀、好心与惹人厌之间寻求一种良性平衡。
V. Writing(20%)
Directions: Some people prefer to stay in the same jobfor the same company, but others prefer to change jobs frequently. Please writea composition to discuss both sides and give your own opinion. Your compositionshould be about 150 English words. Write your composition on the Answer Sheet.

Theterm"quality of life"is difficult to define.It___67____ a very widescope such as livingenvironment, health, employment, food, family life,friends,education, material possessions, leisure and__68_____ , and so on____69___speaking, thequality of life, especially as seen by the individual, ismeaningful in____70___ of the degree to which these various areas of lifeare___71____ or provide satisfaction to the individual.
As activity carried___72____ as one thinks fitduringone’s spare time, leisure has thefollowing__73 _____: relaxation, recreationand entertainment, and personal development.The importance of these___74____according to the nature of one’s job and one’s life-style.Thus, people who needto___75____ much energy in their work will find relaxation most____ 76___ inleisure. Those with a better education and in professional occupations may__ 77_____more to seek recreation and personal development ( e.g. ___78____ ofskills andhobbies) in leisure.
The specific use of leisure varies from individual toindividual. ___79____ the same leisureactivity may be used differently bydifferent individuals. Thus, the following are possible uses oftelevisionwatching, a ___80____ leisure activity, a change of experience toprovide____81___from the stress and ____82___ of work; to learn more about whatis happening in one’senvironment; to provide an opportunity for understandingoneself by ___83____ otherpeople’s life experiences as portrayed (描绘) in the programs. ___84____ leisure isbasicallyself-determined, one is able to take__85__ one’s interests andpreferences and get __86__ inan activity in ways that will bring enjoyment andsatisfaction.
67. A) composes B) consistsC) covers D) constitutes
68. A) excursion B) reservationC) recognition D) recreation
69. A) Basically B) GenerallyC) Primarily D) Frankly
70. A) terms B) place C) means D) way
71. A) adaptable B) approachableC) available D) agreeable
72. A) out B) throughC) away D) off
73. A) definitions B) identificationC) functions D) operations
74. A) alters B) variesC) shifts D) changes
75. A) provide B) hireC) consume D) exert
76. A) preferable B) desirableC) feasible D) rational
77. A) tend B) preferC) select D) oblige
78. A) training B) promotionC) nutrition D) cultivation
79. A) Still B) YetC) Even D) So
80. A) correct B) adequateC) precise D) proper
81. A) separation B) escapeC) flight D) isolation
82. A) relief B) anxietyC) squeeze D) strain
83. A) contrasting B) comparingC) matching D) measuring
84. A) Although B) SinceC) Whether D) Therefore
85. A) after B) onC) with D) to
86. A) involved B) participatedC) attended D) employed
67-71：CDBAC 72-76：ACBCB 77-81：ADCCB  82-86：DBBDA

评价一下你浏览此帖子的感受

分享到： QQ空间新浪微博腾讯微博人人网网易微博

回复引用

举报顶端

上一主题下一主题

考博论坛 » 四川大学

http://www.freekaobo.com
访问内容超出本站范围，不能确定是否安全
继续访问	取消访问

快速回复
	限 100 字节进入高级模式加粗字体颜色背景颜色插入链接图片验证问题: 免费考博网网址是什么? 正确答案:freekaobo.com 按"Ctrl+Enter"直接提交	上一个下一个