医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 LP}YHW/  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） x:IY6 l  
记分标准如下： \ ffU15@N  
ij1g2^],4  
13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 IN94[yW{1  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 .(z ZTyZr  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 BGV
y \F<  
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 Q@#Gm9m  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 @7<m.?A!  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 v4wXa:CJ  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： Zu%oIk  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； 8r sv8OO  
　　2） 语法基本正确； Yg14aKZl  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； t9 m],aH  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； )?PRG=  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 \:wLUGFl5  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 7 }sj&  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 ;M Z@2CO  
考生出现的问题 /q8?xP.   
不会审题 }~28UXb23  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 mDp|EXN  
用词搭配不当。 )o zN{&B6  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 2=l!b/m  
句子逻辑关系混乱。 8;s$?*Gi  
Our English class often told stories. ]& qmV  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. N]sX r  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。
VSkx;P  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. o*u A+7n  
语法错误。 1dK^[;v>3  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 HiG&`:P>q  
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； `'[ 7M  
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 2aN  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 Om0S^4y]x  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 }r/L 9  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 gGU3e(!Uc  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： *#;r p~  
It is often said that… JCZJ\f*EZ  
Generally speaking… qhpq\[U6in  
As the proverb says… MnsnW{VGX  
It goes without saying that… $(}kau  
It is clear/obvious that… R< xxwjt  
Mary people often ask … m=fmf(  
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： $b$r,mc  
It is true that… +.\JYH=yEr  
Everybody knows that… !,\9,lc  
It can be easily proved that… INzQ0z-z  
No one can deny that… 9LJ/m\bi  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… /yrR f;}<O  
The chief reason why …is that … iJrscy-  
We must recognize that… #0Oqw=F  
There is no doubt that… n7<<}wcV  
I am of the opinion that… ocgbBE  
This can expressed as follows… *bRH,u  
To take…for an example (instance) … "?qu(}|  
Therefore we should realize that … XcfT
E m  
We have reason to believe that… ]r"{G*1Q 9  
We know that… )If[pw@j  
What is more serious is that… x-Mp6  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： bNaJ{Dm$R  
Another special consideration in this case is that … @Qc[ 'V)  
Besides, we should not neglect that… /{kyjf[o&*  
However, … P^h2w%6'  
But the problem is not so simple, … RXWjFv~/  
Therefore… Le3S;SY&  
But it is a pity that… )Y *?VqZn  
On the other hand, … '}rDmt~  
I do not believe that… O5=ggG  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… f` IgfJN  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… ^g[])2",  
Though we are in basic agreement with … %cm5Z^B1"  
The trouble seems that… Maa.>2v<  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… Czci6Lz  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… zEhy0LLm  
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： ~<Lf@yu-{  
In a word, … c'|MC[^A  
In sum, … "w'YZO]>  
In conclusion, … :>;psR  
From this point of view, … asq/_`  
On account of this we can find that … hL3,/^;E,  
The result is dependent on … 2?r8>#_*  
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… bK].qN  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… ( Lu.^  
　　2.句子连接 jF3!}*7,  
　　(1)“启” dq8 /^1P  
in the first place at present v\Wm[Ld  
currently it goes without saying that <{U{pC
T%  
lately first Ad,r(0a LZ  
first of all now hY1|qp  
presently firstly r;XQ i  
generally recently v2n0[b0  
in the beginning to begin with N#u8{\|8]  
to start with in general g &Z7h4!\  
　　(2)“承” ;/V@N |$n  
after a few days after a while /SXz_e  
also at any arte [)3 U])w/  
at the same time besides @g75T`N  
by this time certainly B\_u${C  
consequently for example x}.d`=  
for instance for this purpose "k-ov9yK  
from now on furthermore |mk}@OEf  
in addition in addition to… QklNw6,  
in fact in other words BZ?W>'B%$  
in particular in the same manner b.4Xn0-M  
incidentally indeed Fd[h9 G  
meanwhile moreover "F"_G  
no doubt obviously &^IcL!t[  
of course particularly bw<w u}ED  
second secondly b!]0mXU  
similarly so fcICFReyV  
soon still "PyWo  
then third X
B*}P  
thirdly truly k=7Gr;;l=p  
unlike… what is more EF=dXm/\  
　　(3)“转” g(<T u^F  
after all all the same rQEi/  
anyway at the same time *J_iXu|  
but by this time ,?k%j
cR  
conversely despite… T^$g N|  
especially… fortunately MCeu0e^)  
however in other words wn+j39y?ZY  
in particular in spite of… Xlv#=@;O]  
in the same way likewise efjO8J[uk-  
luckily nevertheless YOV :  
no doubt not withstanding … $;Vc@mYGW;  
on the contrary on the other hand jJ aV  
otherwise perhaps… 0e+W/Tq  
unfortunately unlike… e&QS#k  
whereas… yet yGiP[d|tRc  
nonetheless as a matter of fact Gg%tVQu  
(4)“合” mG)8U{L  
above all accordingly z)lM2x>|*  
as a consequence as a result HG2GZ}~^1  
as has been noted as I have said fVe@YqNa  
at last at length k(P3LJcYQ  
by and large briefly (I4y[jnD  
by doing so consequently W h| L  
eventually finally McjS)4j&.  
hence in brief P5xI  
in conclusion in short k6 @b|  
on the whole therefore bM"fk&  
thus to speak frankly tBseqS3<  
to sum up to summarize W;q+,Io  
indeed surely gN?0m4[$i  
to conclude obviously 3 >|uF  
certainly truly :#{-RU@PS  
^agj4$  
常用句型 K\P!a@>1  
Uky9zGa  
用于反驳性和比较性论文
nUc;/  
1. In general, I don’t agree with "Sjr_!u  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. ;,XyN+2H  
3. The chief reason why… is that… q[ULGv  
4.There is no true that… :p>hW!~  
5. It is not true that… 
Hx %$X  
6. It can be easily denied than… Zu21L3  
7. We have no reason to believe that… b,@aq u  
8. What is more serious is that… VFj(M j`}G  
9. But it is pity that… x<ax9{  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… |~K(F<;j  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… {38\vX,I(w  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that…  c%f_.MiU  
13. Perhaps I was question why… =X1?_~}  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… 2) ?q58  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but 9(,@aZ  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… wLJ]&puwm  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… x83a!9  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… ^Q.,\TL01  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… E(^0B(JF  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… #sB,1"  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … 86qI
 
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. <
<Y}~N  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. sZhM a>  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. ?jO 5 9n  
NwlU%{7W6  
用于描写图表和数据 G64Fx*`  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. 3l1cyPv  
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. =L
-I-e97@  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. ;xYNX  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. JX qr3Np1  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. 3=0E!e  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. mpw
~hW0-  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. W"q@Qa`Bm  
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. P9Q~r<7n  
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. Z|lU8`'5  
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. i[jJafAcN  
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… <Zb/  
7[#yu2  
用于解释性和阐述性论说文 &[Xu!LP  
1.Everybody knows that… )!bUR\  
2.It can be easily proved that… M~e0lg8  
3. It is true that… ||7x;2e  
4. No one can deny that x
M>W2  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… S[3iA~)Z-  
6. The chief reason is that… *iO u'  
7. We must recognize that… Q#I"_G&{  
8. There is on doubt that… r|Z3$J{^"  
9. I am of the opinion that… olB)p$aH#  
10. This can be expressed as follows;
7"F*u :  
11. To take …for an example… @}p2aV59  
12. We have reason to believe that }U~6^2 .,  
13. Now that we know that… V]OmfPve  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… QZp6YSz.4  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that )UgX3+@  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… 5,qj7HZF  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… 00I}o%akO  
18. Perhaps the primary reason is… KH)D08  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… Ds#/  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… OaJB=J%  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… t"h
YcnC  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… _{t9 x\=  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… {FRAv(,\  
24. Different people observes it in different ways. !CXt*/~  
'1,,)U#6E  
用于文章的开头 {Q+gZcu  
1. As the proverb says… QK0h6CX  
2. It goes without saying tan… 0 TfS=scT  
3. Generally speaking… l"\~yNgk  
4. It is quite clear than because… SH*C
"  
5. It is often said that … $0bjKy  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” T\Uek-(  
7. More and more people have come to realize… >=]'hyn]]  
8. There is no doubt that… MCU_Z[N#10  
9. Some people believe that… '9c2Q/  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? 'J,T{s1J  
11. One great man said that… D")_;NLE1  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention.  8q1wHZ  
13. In the past several years there has been… P2nft2/eu?  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… Ou{v/'9z,  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… %0? M?Jf  
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… `R"I;qV  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … + >cBVx6  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. ^ wY[3"{  
# O4gg  
用于文章的结尾 q~o,WZG  
1. from this point of view… Z}|(FRVk  
2. in a word… 'R&uD~Q  
3. in conclusion… )[
1)$-Ru  
4. on account of this we can find that… = waA`I d  
5. the result is dependent on… 31EyDU,W  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: t%530EB3  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… B75k^ohfj  
8. to sum up … KFa
_  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… !~Q2|r  
10. It is obvious that… h
K<5KZ/
4  
11. There is little doubt that… qYhs|tY)  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful )G7=G+e;  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. GJqE!I,.  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… GUQ{r!S  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… GElvz'S~  
jSc#+ _y  
用于论证和说明 :6q]F<oK  
1. As it is described that… ZtHm\VTS  
2. It has been illustrated that… 0kDK~iT  
3. It provides a good example of… {647|j;e  
4. We may cite another instance of… s}j1"@  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… ;L&TxO>#J  
6. A number of further facts may be added… .@Ut?G  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. RI2f`p8k  
8. A recent investigation indicate that… Z/rTVAs@r  
9. According to the statistics provided … ,#W  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… m5G\}8|  
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… -*2Mf Mh  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… {YUIMd!Y  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… I]!^;))  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… ^TB>.c@`*  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… Il.E d-&62  
16. All the facts suggest that… 7m#[!%D  
17. No one can deny the fact that… ,@z4I0cTi\  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… 22(*J<  
~7!7\i,Y8\  
[p:1]

给力