中国海洋大学2005博士英语真题 q(uu;l[
PARTⅠ Cloze (15) C8
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Directions: There are 15 questions in this part of the test. Readthe passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrasemarked A, B, C or D for each blank in the passage. Blacken the correspondingletter of the word or phrase you have chosen on your Answer Sheet. T_gW't>
At least since the Industrial Revolution,gender roles have been in a state of transition. As
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a result, culturalscripts about marriage have Undergone change. One of the more obvious 1 45-pJf8F
has occurred in theroles that women 2 Women have moved into the world of workand have vk#xCggK
become adept atmeeting expectations in that arena,3 maintaining their familyroles .of Y,&)%Eo
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nurturing andcreating a (n) 4 that is a haven for all family members. 5 manywomen zSq+#O1#
experience strainfrom trying to "do it all," they often enjoy .the increased 6 thatcan result _N<qrH^;
from playingmultiple roles. As women's roles havechanged, changing expectations about
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men's roles havebecome more 7 . Many men are relinquishing their majorresponsibility 8 wL%>
the familyprovider. Probably the most significant change in men's roles, however, is inthe v.Q)Obyn
emotional 9 offamily life. Men are increasingly 10 tomeet the emotional needs of their DsFrA]
families, 11 theirwives. oHa6fi
Infact, expectations about the emotional domain of marriage have become moresignificant for marriage in general.刀攀猀攀愀爀攀栀 on 12 marriage has changed over recent aecadespoints to the increasing, importance of the emotional side of-the relationship, and the importance of sharing in the eemotion work" 13 to nourish marriages and other familyrelationships. Men and women want to experience marriages that areinterdependent, 14 both partners nurture each other, attendand respond to each other, and encourage and promote each other. We are thus seeing marriages in which men'sand women's roles are becoming increasingly more 15 . HWs?,AJNxB
1. A. incidentsB. changes C.results D. effects %OzxR9
2. A. takeB. do C. play D. show Ii,L6c
3. A. by B. while C. hence D. thus rP>5OLP
4. A. home B. garden C.愀爀攀渀愀 D. paradise isDr|g$S
5. A. When B: Even though C. Since D. Nevertheless w\\
6. A. rewards B. profits C.瀀爀椀瘀椀氀攀最攀猀 D. incomes ;>Kxl}+R
7. A. general B. acceptable C. popular D. apparent .UJDn^@
8. A. as B. of C. from D. for rN>f
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9. A. sectionB constituent: C. domainD. point gWJLWL2
10. A.encouraged B. expected C. advised D. predicted -aec1+o
11. A. not tomention B. as well as CincludingD. especially . <
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12. A. how B. what C. why D. if pRYt.}/K
13 A. butB. only. C. enough D. necessary <K2 )v~
14. A. unless B. although C. where D. because EW YpYMkm
15. A.pleasant B. important C. similar D. manageable (s\Nm_j
PART Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (30) LdRLKE<'e
Directions: Thereare 5 reading passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinishedstatements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and markyour answer on 琀栀攀 ANSWER SHEET by blackening thecorresponding letter in the brackets. OvQG%D}P=
Passage 1 t/nu/yz5E
The first navigational lights in the NewWorld were probably lanterns hung at harbor entrances. The fast lighthouse wasput tip by Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1716 on Little Brewster Island at theentrance to Boston Harbor. Paid forand maintained by "light dues"levied on ships, the original beacon was blown up in 1776. By then there wereonly a dozen or so true lighthouses in the colonic. Little over a century later,there were 700 lighthouses. 2.2 s>?\
The first eight erected on the West Coast inthe 1850's featured the same basic New England design: a Cape Cod dwelling withthe tower rising from the center or standing close by. In New England andelsewhere, though., lighthouses reflected a Variety of architectural styles.Since most stations in the Northeast were built.on rocky eminences, enormoustowers were not the rule. Some were made of stone and brick, others "ofwood or metal. Some stood on pilings or stilts: some were fastened to rock withiron rods. "Farther south, from Marylandthreugh the Florida Keys, thecoastwas low and sandy. It was often necessary to戀甀椀氀搀 tall towers there -- massive structures like the majestic CapeHatteras. North Carolina. lighthouse, which was lit in 1870. At 190 feet it isthe tallest brick lighthouse in the country. :x16N|z
NOt withstanding differences in appearanceand construction, mostAmerican lighthouses shared several features: a light,living quarters, and sometimes a bell ( or, later; a foghorn). They alsohad something else in common: a keeperand, usually, the keeper's family. Thekeeper's essential task was trimming the lantern wick in order to maintain asteady, bright flame. The earliestkeepers came from every walk of life --- they were seamen, farmers, mechanics,rough mill hands -- and appoint ments were often handed out by local customscommissioners as political plums. After the administration of lighthouses wastaken over in 1852 by the United States Lighthouse Board, an agency of. theTreasury Department, the keeper corps gradually became highly professional. zR]l2zL3
16 What is the best tide for the passage? 1k;X*r#
A. The Lighthouse on Little BrewsterIsland %"{SGp
B: The Life of a Lighthouse Keeper 嬀/size] ?_ p3^kl
C.Early Lighthouses .in the United States 0nae
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D. The Modem Profession ofLighthouse-Keeping嬀/size]
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17. Why does the author mention theMassachusetts Bay Colony? \GBv@
A. It was. the headquarters of the UntiedStates Lighthouse Board. P PmE.%_
B. Many of the tauest.lighthouses werebuilt there. esFBWJ
C. The first lantern wicks were developedthere. +jQW 6k#
D. The first lighthouse in North Americawas built there. 3rOv j&2
18. It can beinferred from the passage that lighthouses in the Northeast did not need hightowers because . 'Kc;~a
A. ship there had high masts B. coastal waters were safe $1/
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C. the coast was straight and unobstructed 4fp}`U
D. the lighthouse were built on highplaces _?mu2!X
19. According tothe passage, where can the tallest brick lighthouse in the United States befound? SmC91XO
A, Little Brewster Island B. The Florida Keys yA=#Ji
C. Cape Hatteras D. Cape cod bm`x
20. In the secondsentence of paragraph 3 , which of the following does the word "They"refer to? O*T(aM3r
A.Lighthouses B.Differences C. QuartersD. Features A"d=,?yE
Passage 2
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Every living thing has an inner biologicalclock that controls behavior. The clock works all the time even when there areno outside signs to mark the passing of time. The biological dock qy/xJ>:
tells plants whento form flowers and when the flowers should open. It tells insects when to =`99ez+y
leave theprotective cocoon and fly away. And it tells animals when to eat, sleep andwake. It o yK'h9Wt1
controls bodytemperature, the release of some hormones and even dreams.these natural daily ;",W&HQbE
events arecircadian rhythms. Wi)Y9frE
Man has known about them for thousands ofyears. But the first scientific observation of ?7*.S Lt
Circadian rhythmswas not made until 1729. In that year French astronomer. Jean-Jacques Y'mtMLfMc
d'Ortous de Mairan,noted that one of his plants opened its leaves at the same time every Y2W|b5
morning, and closedthem at the same time every night. The plant did this even when he kept 2.qEy6
it in a dark placeall the time. Later scientists wondered about circadian rhythms .in humans. jH({Qc,97
They learned thatman's biological clock actually keeps time with-a day of-a litde less than 25 ot($aY,t
hours instead ofthe 24 hours On a man-made clock. About four years ago an American doctor, _h6SW2:z!E
Eliot. Weitzman,established a laboratory to study how our biological clock works. The people in
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his experiments areshut off from the outside world. They are free to listen to and live by their -U.>K,M
circadian rhythms.Dr. Weitzman hopes his research will lead to effective treatments for ";yey ]
common sleepproblems and sleep disorders caused by aging and mental illness. The laboratoryis S6Y2(qdP
in the MontefloreHospital in New York City. It has two living areas with three small rooms in -Aaim`06bv
each. The windowsare covered, so no sunlight or moonlight comes in. There are no radios or ~t^
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televisionreceivers. There is a control room between the living areas. It contains computers, r2yJ{j&s
one-way cameras andother electronic devices for observing the person in the living area; The /#jH#f[
instruments measureheartbeat, body temperature, hormones in the blood, other substances in @<(4J
the urine and brainwaves during sleep. A doctor or medical technician is on duty in the control & 6'Rc#\P
room 24 hours a dayduring an experiment They do not work the same time each day and are not 2[j(C
permitted to wearwatches, so the person in the laboratory has no idea what time it is. In the GXC,p(vbE
first four years ofresearch, Dr Weitzman and his assistant have observed 16 men between the v;soJlxF~
ages of 21 and 80.The men remained in the laboratory for as long as six months. Last month, ~=va<%{
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a science reporterfor The New York Times newspaper, Dava Sobol, became the first woman to h4Wt
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tare part in theexperiment. She entered the laboratory on June 13th and stayed for 25 days. xt_:R~/[
Miss Sobol wrotereports about the experiment during that time, which were published in the A]Bf&+V
Newspaper. 0vETg'r
21. The biologicalclock is believed to play an essential role in 'X<4";$mU
A. the regulation of body temperature B. thesecretion of hormones /sfJ:KP0
C.animal reproduction D. many aspects ofplant and animal physiology , .7]P-]uOZ
22 In hisobservation, the French scientist noticed that the leaves of a certain plantmaintained H2H`7 +I,
its opening-and-closing cycles ,qx^D
A. even when it was kept in a murky placeall day o^XDG^35`
B.攀瘀攀渀 if it was placed in the moonlight k&2=-qgVR
C. even when he was observing it from a darkplace h PL]B_<
D. even during the night time I`zd:o]
23 The sentence "They are free to listen toand live by their circadian rhythms. " (In K+pVRDRcs
Paragraph 4) probably means rtS' 90`
A. They can leadtheir daily lives according to their biological clocks, without referring to aman-made clock. R&9FdM3K`:
B. They can listen to the wonderfulrhythms of the biological clock and live close to them, ]?pQu '-(
C. They can live by regulating their.owncircadian rhythms~ Y=p!xr>
D. They are free from the annoyingrhythms of everyday life. V"m S$MN
24. In the experiment conducted by Mr. Weitzman,the doctor who is.on duty does not work Jy5sZ}t[
the same time each day CHsg2S
A. in order to observe the abnormalbehavior of the people at different times R
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B. so as not to he recognized by thepeople <
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C.so as to avoid indicating to the people what time it is when he starts work yL*]_
D. so as to leave the people's circadianrhythms in disorder =hkYQq`Q
25.圀栀愀琀 is Mr. Weitzman's ultimate purpose of establishing a laboratory? @^xtxtjzux
A. He wanted, to have his experimentreport published in the. newspapers ^cm]
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B. People are free to listen to and liveby their circadian rhythms 7~SwNt,
C. He wanted to find a way to treatpeople's diseases-. 7Ml4u%?
D. He could gain some reputation for thefirst scientific observation of circadian |@vkQ
26.Miss Sobo1 left the laboratory &}r"Z?f)
A. on June 13th B. on June 25th C. at the end of June D. on July 7th H+4j.eVzZU
passage 3 .. J#zr50@@
There is confused notion in the minds ofmany persons, that the gafhering of the property O2?C *
漀昀 the poor into the hands of the rich does noultimate harm, since in who,sever hands it may be, fbNzRXw
椀琀 must be spent at last, and thus, theythink, return to the poor again. This .fallacy has been Ot2o=^Ng
愀最愀椀渀 and again exposed; but granting the pleatrue, the same apology may, of course, be made L5-|-PP|;
昀漀爀 blackmail; or any other form of robbery.It might be (though practically it never is) as );$99t
愀搀瘀愀渀琀愀最攀漀甀猀 for the nation that the ~robbershould have the spending of the money he extorts, as that the person robbedshould have spent it. But thisis no excuse for the theft. If I were to put "j@\a)a
愀 turnpike on the road where it passes my owngate, and endeavor to exact a shilling from every 4f([EV[6dK
瀀愀猀猀攀渀最攀爀, the public would soon do away withmy gate, without listening to arty pleas on my $KK~KEZ2
瀀愀爀琀 that it was as advantageous to them, inthe end, that I should spent their shillings, as that Dwp,d~z
they themselvesshould. But if, instead of outfacingthem with a turnpike, I can only persuade 0f^{Rp6
琀栀攀洀 to come in and buy stones, or old iron,or any "other useless thing, out of my ground, I 0B}4$STOo[
may rob them to thesame extent and, moreover, be, thanked as a public benefactor and promoter ~SnUnNDm `
of commerCialprosperity. And. this main question forthe poor of England-for the poor of all *.DC(2:o!
countriesis whellyomitted in every treastise on the subject of wealth. Even by the laborers =]Vz=<
themselves, theoperation of capital is regarded 0nlY in its effect on their immediateinterests, K#0TD("
never in the farmore terrific power of-its appointment .of the kind and the object-of labor, It ;-+q*@sa]
matters little,"ultimately, how much a laborer is paid for making anything, but itmatters Yc:%2KZ"
fearfully what thething is which..he is compelled to make, If his labor is so ordered as toproduce V!W.P
food,, fresh air,and fresh water, no matter that his wages are low; the food and the flesh air 2
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and water will beat last there, and he will at last get them_ But if he is paid to destroy foodand 'X^auyL
fresh air, or toproduce iron bars instead of them, the food and.air will finally not be there,and e$# *t
he will not getthem, to his great and final inconvenience. So that, conclusively, in politicalas in OT9]{|7
household economy,the great question is, not so much what money you have in your pocket, as KK){/I=z
what you will buyWith it and do with it. m`/Nl<
27. We may infer that the author probably livedin the . /yOx=V
A. 1960's in the United States. B. early days of British industrialization. \N,ox(f?gW
C. 18th-century France. D. Golden Age of Greece. -(qRC0V
28. It can beinferred that the author probably favors . 6b2UPI7m~
A. capitalism. B. totalitarianism. C. socialism.D. anarchism. JVZ-nHf(9
29. According.tothe passage, the individual should be particularly concerned with . z
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A. how much wealth he can accumulate. eS`VI+=@0
B. the acquisition of land propertyrather than money. ' %#HU~X:
C.charging the customer a fair price. *g/klK
D. the quality of goods Which he putchases with his funds. #z\ub5um
E. working as hard as possible. |>.Q U3
3 0 The passageimplies that . Shm> r@C?
A. "All's well that ends Well." B. "It is getter late than never." KZm&sk=QM-
C. "He who steals my purse stealstrash." D. "None but the bravedeserve the fair." $Ome]+0
3 1. It can be inferred that in regard to theaccumulation of wealth the author NAbVH{*\U
A. equates the rich with the thief. )t6]F6!_
B. indicates that there are few honestbusinessmen. I6>J.6luF9
C. condones sortie dishonesty inbusiness dealings. __=H"UhWv
D. believes destruction of-property isgood because it creates consumer demand.
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32 What is the "main question for thepoor" referred to~by the author in the passages? nbi7rcT
A . the use to which the laborer canput his money. ex3Qbr
B .the methods by which capital may beaccumulated. rQ;w{8J\t
C. the results" of their work andtheir lack of authority to determine to What ends their work .shall be put. f6Qr0Op
D. whether full-measure ofrecompense shall be accorded to the laboring-person for T]#V
the investment of his time in,worthy work. ll:UIxx
33. According tothe views expressed in the passage, people should be happiest doing Sj9fq*
which of following? i?
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A. mining ore for the manufacture ofweapons. yI0bSu<j-
B. cleaning sewage ponds at atreatment plant. Lb*KEF% s
C. waiting tables for a rich man. LQ+/|_(.
D. helping a poor man do his job. baxZ>KNi
34. The author of the above passage wouldprobably re_act to an energy shortage-by I>c,Bo7
A. blaming the rich for the problem. m'4f'tbN
B. urging that energy be used moreefficiently and effectively. $( hT{C,K
C. supporting the search for more oil, coal,and other energy-pro-ducing, mineral U|^xr~q!f-
deposits. 5&]5*;Bv J
D. dehying that there is really any shortageat all. .~z'm$s1o
E. fomenting revolution by the poor. l_B735
倀愀猀猀愀最攀 4 h Yu6PWK
No very satisfactory account of themechanism that caused the formation of the ocean basins has yet been given. Thetraditional view supposes that the upper mantle of the earth behaves as aliquid when it is subjected to small forces f0r long periods and thatdifferences in temperature under oceans and continents are sufficient toproduce convection inthe mantle of the earth with rising convection currentsunder the mid-ocean ridges and sinking currents under the continents.Theoretically this convection would carry the continental plates along asthough they were on a .conveyor belt and would provide the forces needed toproduce the split that occurs along the ridge. This view may be correct; it has the advantage that the currents aredriven by C2
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temperaturedifferences that themselvesdepend on the position of the moving'plate has animpact |,8z"g
on the forces thatmove it, could produce complicated and varying motions. M`MxdwR
On the other hand, the theory isimplausible because convection does not normally occur .*O*@)}Ud
愀氀漀渀最 lines, and it certainly does not occuralong lines broken by frequent offsets or changes in Q
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搀椀爀攀挀琀椀漀渀, as the ridge is. Also it isdifficult to see how the theory applies to the plate between UaT%tv>}8#
琀栀攀 Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the ridge in theIndian Ocean. This plate iS growing on both sides q"2QNF'
and since there isno intermediate trench, the two ridges must be moving apart; It would be odd j=\h|^gA
if the risingconvection currents kept exact pace with ~them: An alternative theory is thatthe 9zaNfs
sinking part of theplate, which is denser than the hotter surrounding mantle, pulls the rest of ou,[0B3n0
the plate after it.Again it is difficult to see how this applies to the ridge in the SouthAtlantic, l|5 h
where neither theAfrican nor the American plate has a sinking part. iFI74COam
Another possibility is that the sinkingplate Cools the neighboring mantle and produces convection currents that movethe plates. This last theory is attractive because it gives some hope ofexplaining the enclosed seas, such as the Sea of Japan. These seas have atypical oceanic floor except that the floor is overlaid by several kilometersof sediment. Their floors have probably been Sinking for.long periods. It seemspossible that a sinking current of cooled mantle material onthe upper side ofthe plate might be the cause of such deep basins. The enclosed seas are animportant feature of the earth's surface and seriously require 'explanationbecause, in addition to the enclosed seas flint are devdoping at present behindisland ares, there are a number of older ones of possibly similar origin, suchas the Gluf of Mexico, the Black Sea, and perhaps the North Sea. 2u{~35
35. According to the traditionalview of the origin of the oceanbasins which of the following is sufficient tomove the continental plates? $|4@Zx4vf
A. Increases in sedimentation on oceanfloors. ~!S3J2kG{
B. Spreading of ocean trenches. EF/d7
C. Differences in temperature underoceans and continents. U(&c@
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D. Sinking of ocean basins. 1gI7$y+?
36. It can heinferred from the passage that, of the following, the deepest sediments would *TOd Iq&z
be found in the wj[yo
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A. Indian Ocean. B. Black Sea.C. Mid-Atlantic. D. SouthAtlantic. _nGx[1G( 5
37. The authorrefers to a "conveyor belt" in order to -V$|t<
A. illustrate the effects of convectionin the mantle. RTtKf i}
B. show how temperature differencesdepend, on the positions of the continents oO}g~<fYG
C. demonstrate the linear nature of theMid-Atlantic Ridge. h]7_
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D. describe the complicated motions madepossible by back-coupling. h>Kx
38. The authorregards the traditional view of the origin of the oceans with kG^76dAQL
A. slight apprehension. B. absolute indifference. ucCf%T\:
C. guarded skepticism. D. complete disbelief. mh+T!v$[n)
39. According tothe passage, which of the following are separated by a plate that is SmXJQ@jN
growing on bothsides? (P>nA3:UXB
A. The Pacific Ocean and: the Sea of Japan. .1QGNW
B. The South Atlantic Ridge and the NorthSea Ridge. %G?@Hye3
C. The Gulf of Mexico and the South AtlanticRidge. `Fqth^RK?p
D. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the IndianOcean Ridge. )Q
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40.Which of the following,椀昀 it could be demonstrated, would most support the 79DNNj~
traditional view ofocean formation? UB~K/r`.|
A. Convection usually occurs along lines. Ae5A@4
B. The upper mantle behaves as a densesolid. $q!A1Fgk0
C. Sedimentation occurs at a constant rate. ,GOIg|51
D. Sinking plates cool the mantle. W]4Z4&