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I.Reading Comprehension (30%; one mark each) OdbXna
Directions: Read the following six passages. Answer thequestions below each passage by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Write youranswers on the Answer Sheet. +
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Passage One
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In general, oursociety is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucraticmanagement in which man becomes a small,well-oiled cog in the machinery. Theoiling is done with higher wages, Nell-ventilated factories and piped music,and by psychologists and “human-relations” experts; yet all this oiling doesnot alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he is bored with it. Infact, the blue and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets whodance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.
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The worker andemployee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job;they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfactionof interesting life. They live and die without ever having confronted thefundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectuallyindependent and productive human beings. $1$0M
Those higher up onthe social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than thoseof their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They arein a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matterof salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for theirfirst job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture ofsubmissiveness and independence. From the moment on they are tested again andagain-by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by theirsuperiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc.This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’sfellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes ofunhappiness and illness. 0xx4rpH
Am I suggestingthat we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or tonineteenth-century “free enterprise” capitalism? Certainly not. Problems thenever solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggesttransforming our social system form, a bureaucratically managed industrialismin which maxima, production and consumption are ends in themselves, into ahumanist industrialism in which man and full development of hispotentialities-those of all love and of reason-are the aims of socialarrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this endand should be prevented from ruling man. n2can
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1. By “awell-oiled cog in the machinery” the author intends to deliver the idea thatman is ____. DaQ+XUH?
[A] anecessary part of the society though each individual’s function is negligible 0l3[?YtXc
[B] workingin complete harmony with the rest of the society Xj{gyLs
[C] anunimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society ]>Ym
[D] ahumble component of the society, especially when working smoothly $%
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2. The real causeof the anxiety of the workers and employees is that ____. nE +H)%p
[A] theyare likely to lose their jobs wH$qj'G4CN
[B] theyhave no genuine satisfaction or interest in life _Vl~'+ e
[C] theyare faced with the fundamental realities of human existence 1tq ^W'
[D] theyare deprived of their individuality and independence c4u/tt.)
3. From thepassage we can conclude that real happiness of life belongs to those ____. \WBO(,]V
[A] who areat the bottom of the society Do7 7V5
[B] who arehigher up in their social status 5S8>y7knQ
[C] whoprove better than their fellow-competitors L2p?]:-
[D] whocould dip fir away from this competitive world c:e3hJ
4. To solve thepresent social problems the author puts forward a suggestion that we should____. Z;V(YK(WO.
[A] resortto the production mode of our ancestors "
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[B] offerhigher wages to the workers and employees HE35QH@/`
[C] enableman to fully develop his potentialities }AA">FF'y4
[D] takethe fundamental realities for granted L}CU"
5. The author’sattitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of ____. m 94PFD@N
[A] approval [B] dissatisfaction OX 'V
[C]suspicion [D] susceptibility 'YB[4Q /0
答案:CDDCB 6}m `_d?
Passage Two z\oTu
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The government-runcommand post in Tunisis staffed around the clock by military personnel, meteorologists andcivilians. On the wall are maps, crisscrossed with brightly colors arrows thatpainstakingly track the fearsome path of the enemy. Pn^ `_
What kind ofinvader gives rise to such high-level monitoring? Not man, not beast, but thelowly desert locust(蝗虫). In recent moths, billions of the3-inch-long winged warriors have descended on Algeria,Libya, Morocco and Tunisia, blackening the sky andeating up crops and vegetation. The insect invasion, the worst in 30 years, isalready creating great destruction in the Middle East and is now treatingsouthern Europe. The current crisis began inlate 1985 near the Red Sea. Unusually rainyweather moistened the sands of the Sudan, making them ideal breedinggrounds for the locust, which lays its eggs in the earth. The insect onslaughtthreatens to create yet another African famine. Each locust can eat its weight(not quite a tenth of an ounce) in vegetation every 24 hours. A good-size swarmof 50 billion insects eats up 100,000 tons of grass, trees and crops in asingle night. cE:s\hG
All $150 millionmay be needed this year. The U.S.has provided two spraying planes and about 50,000 gal. of pesticide. The European Community hasdonated $3.8 million in aid and the Soviet Union, Canada,Japan and China haveprovided chemical-spraying aircraft to help wipe out the pests. But reliefefforts are hampered by the relative mildness of approved pesticides, whichquickly lose their deadly punch and require frequent replications. The mosteffective locust killer Dieldrin has been linked to cancer and is banned bymany Western countries and some of the affected African nations. More than 5million acres have been dusted with locust-killing chemicals; another 5 millionwill be treated by the end of June. {ZrlbDQX
On May 30,representatives of Tunisia, Algeria, Libya,Morocco and Mauritania will meet in Algiers to discuss tactics to wipe out theravenous swarms. The move is an important step, but whatever plan is devised,the locust plague promised to get worse before the insects can be brought undercontrol. [Q{\Ik
6. The main ideaof the first sentence in the passage is that ____. D{s87h
[A] thecommand post is stationed with people all the time.
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[B] thecommand post is crowded with people all the time. xhbN=L
[C] thereare clocks around the command post. F \ls]luN
[D] theclock in the command post is taken care of by the staff. YTFU#F
7. The favorablebreeding ground for the locust is ____. jan}}7Dly
[A] richsoil. *ma
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[B] wetland %SOXw8-
[C] spacescovered crops and vegetation t 8 6w&
[D] the Red Sea LT<2 n.S
8. People arealert at the threat of the locust because ____. Ij7P-5=<
[A] theinsects are likely to create another African famine. L~-/'+
[B] theinsects may blacken the sky. m_*wqNFA6
[C] thenumber of the insects increases drastically. :Bmn<2[Y;
[D] theinsects are gathering and moving in great speed. 8 7(t<3V&
9. Which of thefollowing is true? A!Cby!,
[A] Oncethe pesticides are used, locust will die immediately. L4Zt4Yuw
[B] Reliefefforts are proved most fruitful due to the effectiveness of certainpesticides. mP&\?
[C]Dieldrin, the most effective locust killer, has been widely accepted in manycountries. =4MTb_
[D] Over 10million acres of affected area will have been treated with locust-killingchemicals by the end of June. ppRmC,0f^
10. The purposefor affected nations to meet in Algierson May 30 is ____. 4WvW11q8U
[A] todevise antilocust plans. Tk?uJIS :
[B] to wipeout the swarms in two years. q4[8\Ua
[C] to callout for additional financial aid from other nations. }lIc{R@H
[D] tobring the insects under control before the plague gets worse. *sOb I(&
答案:BBADA
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Passage Three 0TmEa59P
The London 2012sustainability watchdog embroiled in a row overthe sports ship of the Olympic Stadium by Dow Chemical is to push theInternational Olympic Committee to appoint an “ethics champion” for future Games. 4`Ud\Jm[s
The Commission fora Sustainable London 2012 has been bruised by criticism over Dow’s sponsorshipof the wrap that will surround the Olympic stadium, particularly sincecommissioner Meredith Alexander last month resigned in protest. 3/`BK{
Campaigners believethat Dow has ongoing liabilities relating to the 1984 Bhopal disaster that resulted in the deathsof an estimated 20,000 people and the serious injury of tens of thousands more.Dow, which bought the owner of the plant in 2001, insists that all liabilitieshave been settled in full. )]j3-#
Commissionchairman Shaun McCarthy said that its tight sustainability remit did not extendto acting as moral guardian of the Olympic movement but that it would press forsuch a role to be created when evaluating sponsors for future Games. !CUl1L1DSi
In addition tosponsoring the 7m poundswrap that will surround the Olympic Stadium, Dow has a separate 100m dollars sponsorship deal with the IOCthat was signed in 2010. dhtH&:J<;
But McCarthy alsodefended the commission’s role in evaluating the Dow deal, after AmnestyInternational wrote to London 2012 chairman Lord Coe to raise the issue. 4j=3'Z|
“What has beenlost in all of this story is that a really excellent, sustainable product hasbeen procured, we looked at Locog’s examination of Dow Chemical’s currentcorporate responsibility policies and, again, Dow achieved that highest scorein that evaluation. We verified that.” said McCarthy. IFTNr2I
“As far as thehistory is concerned and issues around Bhopal,there is no doubt Bhopalwas a terrible disaster and snore injustice was done to the victims. Who isresponsible for that injustice is a matter for the courts and a matter forothers. We have a specific remit and terms of reference that we operate underand we have operated diligently under those terms.” Zu,:}+niU
The commissionwill on Thursday release its annual review. It finds that “good press” has beenmade to wands many of Locog’s sustainability target, but that “majorchallenges” remain. (U.Go/A#wE
In particular, thecommission found that there was no coherent strategy to achieve a 20% reductionin carbon emissions after an earlier scheme to use renewable energy feelthrough when a wind turbine on the site proved impractical. OM[MRZEh G
“We hadconversations with Locog over a year ago about this and said they had todemonstrate how they were going to achieve at least 20% carbon reductionsthrough energy conservation if they’re not going to do it through renewableenergy,” said McCarthy. “There are some good initiatives, but quite franklythey just haven’t done it.” GK}52,NM
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11. Why was Dow’ssponsorship criticized according to the passage? P:'wSE91
[A] Theproducts are not sustainable. btuG%D{a^
[B] It wasrelated to Bhopaldisaster. mcV<)UA}
[C] Itbribed the LondonOlympic committee. BuV71/Vb{Q
[D] Itcan’t reduce 20% of the carbon emission. $(9QnH1KY
12. What isParagraph 4 mainly about? 7<xnE]jdq
[A]Commission’s role %XGm\p
[B]Commission’s achievements !d N[9}
[C]Commission’s complaints RE;A0E_3
[D]Commission’s defense I1fpX |
13. Which of thefollowing words can best replace the underlined word “row” (Para. 1)? J 6KHc^,7
[A]line [B] argument KrpIH6
[C]boating [D] course Ljd`)+`
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14. What is one ofthe challenges of the sustainability target mentioned in the passage? eB5>uKa
[A] Ethicchampion of the games. +X/a+y-
[B]Reduction in carbon emissions. m8fj\,
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[C] Thewind turbine proved to be impractical. X`D2w:
[D]Renewable energy is not available. V\Cl""`XN
15. Which of thefollowing can best summarize the passage? N[/<xW~x?4
[A]Commission defends its own role in evaluating controversial. &zJI~R
[B] Dow’sway to the 2012 London Olympic Games. >1sa*Wf
[C]Campaign against Dow’s sponsorship. W"Ip]LJ
[D] IOC’sreview on the controversy. |R9Lben',
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Passage Four (GmBv
As Facebookdominates the news with its initial public offering, activists are seizing themoment to pressure the company to add some estrogen and ethnicity to itswhite-male board. }emUpju<C
A women’s rightsgroup called Ultraviolet, which has been running an online petition that claimsto have attracted more than 50,000 signatures, is escalating its push, postinga new YouTube video called “Do Women Have a Future at Facebook?”. The videoshows photos of successful women such as Hillary Clinton getting their headscropped off the replaced with the smiling face of Facebook founder MarkZuckerberg. Yj&