医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 JR#4{P@A  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） /uX*FZ  
记分标准如下： #WSqh +  
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13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 X':FFD4h  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 $ mE*=  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 (&Rk#iU 2  
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 QF/_?Tm4  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 nH?6o#]N  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 cVW7I  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： Bh2l3J4X  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； ,{HQK
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　　2） 语法基本正确； }+n|0xK  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； @6yc^DAA  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； +
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　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 ]|tg`*l!>  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 (l^7EpNs  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 7-K8u  
考生出现的问题 i`2SebDj'w  
不会审题 8F8?1  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 7j\^
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用词搭配不当。 %US&`BT!  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 8l5>t  
句子逻辑关系混乱。 Pl/ dUt_  
Our English class often told stories. lf7bx}P*  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. ce\d35x!  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 |ZH(Z
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People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. ML905n u  
语法错误。 6P{^j  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 Y 3ApW vS  
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； "5V;~}=S  
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 ae sk.  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 ":udoVS!  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 pr#%VM[':R  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 ;
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　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： |&=-Nm  
It is often said that… ]!/U9"_e"B  
Generally speaking… 1 jidBzu<  
As the proverb says… *,$5EN  
It goes without saying that… ?.VKVTX^  
It is clear/obvious that… D!o[Sm}JO[  
Mary people often ask … l)[|wPf
 
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： (I}owr5:  
It is true that… ;Sivu-%  
Everybody knows that… [;z\bV<S  
It can be easily proved that… 3@V?L:J  
No one can deny that… X,v.1#[  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… x 7by|G(  
The chief reason why …is that … @JbxGi  
We must recognize that… -O *_+8f  
There is no doubt that… @njNP^'Kx  
I am of the opinion that… .]vb\N
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This can expressed as follows… j9h/`Bn  
To take…for an example (instance) … ST?{H SCz  
Therefore we should realize that … r W`7<3  
We have reason to believe that… dS6 $  
We know that… x []ad"R  
What is more serious is that… Ku,wI86  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： U*C^g}iA  
Another special consideration in this case is that … w6V/Xp][U  
Besides, we should not neglect that… QOXo(S  
However, … ;A,X,f  
But the problem is not so simple, … "A}sD7xy9  
Therefore… n&:ohOH%  
But it is a pity that… bSsg`  
On the other hand, … /"Vd( K2Z  
I do not believe that… hBX*02p  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… VgNB^w  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… \|0z:R;X  
Though we are in basic agreement with … N#ggT9>X  
The trouble seems that… H'k}/<%Q  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… 5pJe`}O4  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… s/7Z.\  
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： 2f[;U"  
In a word, … R/oi6EKv  
In sum, … r:bJU1P1$s  
In conclusion, … 9f! M1  
From this point of view, … =Dq&lm,n  
On account of this we can find that … INA3^p'w  
The result is dependent on … @s1T|}AJ  
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… %R>n5m  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… NBPP?\1  
　　2.句子连接 `6~0W5  
　　(1)“启” zr|DC] 3  
in the first place at present w-n}&f  
currently it goes without saying that i% 1UUI(W  
lately first u+j\PWOtm  
first of all now :IZAdlz[@  
presently firstly +VkL?J  
generally recently -$:;en?  
in the beginning to begin with  WwB_L.{  
to start with in general x@OBGKV  
　　(2)“承” o-=|}u]mz  
after a few days after a while G=zNZ  
also at any arte N-K/jY  
at the same time besides B@(d5i{h  
by this time certainly D"pT?
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consequently for example 4:/V
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for instance for this purpose ^.6yzlY  
from now on furthermore )h,yQ`.  
in addition in addition to… v Z9OJrF  
in fact in other words "s0,9; }  
in particular in the same manner ye.6tlW  
incidentally indeed #%[;vK  
meanwhile moreover Ikdj?"+O  
no doubt obviously 4H6Fq*W{k
 
of course particularly Tow =B  
second secondly 66&uK|  
similarly so SZW_V6\t>  
soon still ><}nZ7  
then third 8H4NNj Oy  
thirdly truly Ye3o}G9z  
unlike… what is more ~pZ0B#K J  
　　(3)“转” +g g_C'"  
after all all the same {g.YGO  
anyway at the same time _-C/sp^  
but by this time oE+P=  
conversely despite… \}Am]Y/ w  
especially… fortunately S a
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however in other words @4y?XL(n  
in particular in spite of… ^y@ W\  
in the same way likewise Zye04&x9k  
luckily nevertheless zwV!6xG  
no doubt not withstanding … h,$CJdDY]  
on the contrary on the other hand Tv"T+!Z  
otherwise perhaps… (B4)L%  
unfortunately unlike… #r#[&b  
whereas… yet 71@eJQ  
nonetheless as a matter of fact r2SZC`Z}-M  
(4)“合” 2VY7?1Ab(@  
above all accordingly `/[5/%  
as a consequence as a result ?+.mP]d_  
as has been noted as I have said y-26\eY^P  
at last at length 8e-nzc,]  
by and large briefly )IcSdS0@M  
by doing so consequently D=^&?@k<  
eventually finally 5@5*}[M  
hence in brief HVus\s\&y%  
in conclusion in short y^ skE{  
on the whole therefore iQ" LIeD  
thus to speak frankly F 2 B(PGa7  
to sum up to summarize +\Vw:
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indeed surely dI\_I]  
to conclude obviously 8p 4[:M@  
certainly truly %JBLp xnq  
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常用句型 DyqqY$ vH(  
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用于反驳性和比较性论文 `T*Y1@FV  
1. In general, I don’t agree with OvT[JpV  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. nnn\  
3. The chief reason why… is that… [ ifw} (  
4.There is no true that…
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5. It is not true that… ]D;*2Lw4&  
6. It can be easily denied than… 8|@) #:  
7. We have no reason to believe that… bXJ(QXHd%  
8. What is more serious is that… }6^5mhsL  
9. But it is pity that… .I~:j`K6  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… eW 4[2Q  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… FDgo6x  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… WD\ Yx~o  
13. Perhaps I was question why… wL~AL  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… Ze>R@rK  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but T(u;<}e@[  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… F)~>4>hPr  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… [_%u5sc-y  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… F_0D)H)N@  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… 0V-jOc  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… - c>Vw&1  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … #C }+  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. ux n+.fA  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. Gjeb)Y6N  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. (b~l.@xh  
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用于描写图表和数据 {HY3E}YJL  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. KWDH 35  
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. 517"x@6Q  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. '^m'r+B"  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. 9O&m7]3  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. 3.Mpd  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. Y[)mHs2  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. .!<yTh  
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. ?i_
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9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. 9=$pV==  
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. G~C-tAB  
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… T^]]z}k  
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用于解释性和阐述性论说文 ( PH7nW7  
1.Everybody knows that… >lM/\HO2  
2.It can be easily proved that… DjaXJ?'  
3. It is true that… Q3& ?28  
4. No one can deny that *YH!L{y  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… WFc4(Kl  
6. The chief reason is that… a ub$4n!C9  
7. We must recognize that… 3}g>/F~  
8. There is on doubt that… O[$X36z  
9. I am of the opinion that… sF)$<[w
 
10. This can be expressed as follows; vv)w@A:Vn)  
11. To take …for an example… v -)<nox  
12. We have reason to believe that ?r(vX
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13. Now that we know that… X} V]3  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… xe6V7Wi/Tt  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that xcl;~"c*  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… D1deh =  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… `Ivt)T+n;  
18. Perhaps the primary reason is… gO*Gf2AG  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… ! 1?u0  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… +KExK2=  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… >cjxu9Vr1K  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… q2|z \  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… RF6]_-  
24. Different people observes it in different ways. 9`/ywt3Y  
n&]J-^Tx  
用于文章的开头 &q4~WRnzJk  
1. As the proverb says… tculG|/  
2. It goes without saying tan… R.* k7-(;  
3. Generally speaking… [Z'4YXS  
4. It is quite clear than because… liB~vdqj  
5. It is often said that …  `m_fi  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” #0*I|gfV  
7. More and more people have come to realize… uVZm9Sp  
8. There is no doubt that… Cu$`-b^y  
9. Some people believe that… &SZAe/3+  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? `ALQS o~l  
11. One great man said that… zYPvpZV/  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. \sVzBHy d  
13. In the past several years there has been… yYk?K<ou  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… >i1wB!gc8  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… y fS  
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… r 3T#Nv  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … }LIf]YK  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. odcrP\S  
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用于文章的结尾 h*[sV  
1. from this point of view… 1*@Q~f:Uk  
2. in a word… X~; *zYd5  
3. in conclusion… /KJWo0zo  
4. on account of this we can find that… 6Vu?? qBy  
5. the result is dependent on… 7x |Pgu(  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: kA4kQ}q  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… x4_FG{AIu  
8. to sum up … vs.}Bou]  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… qp1rP#  
10. It is obvious that… O RV'dr  
11. There is little doubt that… }W]k1Bsx  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful K)8 m?sf/  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. I1Gk^wO  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… !3at(+4  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… z?_5fte`  
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用于论证和说明 n)teX.ck)  
1. As it is described that… b{JxTT}03  
2. It has been illustrated that… !}uev  
3. It provides a good example of… Riz!HtyR  
4. We may cite another instance of… B7qiC X}pD  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… ~{O@tt)F  
6. A number of further facts may be added… n1)m(,{  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. d`+cNKf  
8. A recent investigation indicate that… s%qK<U4@;Q  
9. According to the statistics provided … )%5T*}j  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… 1G+?/w  
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… YVL
aO*(f  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… ]hkway  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that…
hG!"e4  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… w,FOq?j^k  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… _-I0f##.  
16. All the facts suggest that…
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17. No one can deny the fact that… NLxsxomj  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… 
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