医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 vpOn0([hS  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） Fx']kn9  
记分标准如下： " &B/v"nj  
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13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 pEIc?i*  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 @DYxxM-  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 zR2'xE*  
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 ^|DI9G(Bs  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 w=Xil  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 Q7O8']~n  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： Pb$ep|`u  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； #z{9:o7[-  
　　2） 语法基本正确； mBgMu@zt)  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； wXf_2qB9  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； iQpKcBx  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 3IHya=qN  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 kKnz F  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 }?xu/C  
考生出现的问题 6P;JF%{J  
不会审题 \k;)m-0bj{  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 &Mbpv)V8  
用词搭配不当。 ETe,RY  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 RO,  
句子逻辑关系混乱。 \MM(w&  
Our English class often told stories. hRZ9[
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应改为：We often told stories in our English class. M
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不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 S5]rIcM  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. ?}y?e}y*xZ  
语法错误。 9/R|\  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 tv,iCV  
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； jI0gQ [  
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 rwr>43S5<3  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 g&;:[&%T]  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 W@jBX{k  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 4'bup h1(  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： g9I2 e<;o  
It is often said that… i[A$K~f  
Generally speaking… !u@e^J{Ao  
As the proverb says… mjG-A8y  
It goes without saying that… S{aK\>>H  
It is clear/obvious that… !]7r>NS>  
Mary people often ask … mu0ER 3o  
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： 0m_c43+^  
It is true that… n%? bMDS  
Everybody knows that… !Z2?dhS  
It can be easily proved that… u-0-~TwD  
No one can deny that… 85Y E6^y  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… z/aZ
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The chief reason why …is that … Dsc{- <v  
We must recognize that… zl\mBSBx"  
There is no doubt that… gq4le=,v  
I am of the opinion that… yZ=wT,Y  
This can expressed as follows… s,O:l0  
To take…for an example (instance) … iE>E*!aBg  
Therefore we should realize that … {Sm^F  
We have reason to believe that… 8R}CvzI  
We know that… >.N?y@  
What is more serious is that… nE #p Ry]  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： p=_K P9  
Another special consideration in this case is that … zts%oIgV  
Besides, we should not neglect that… AdDlS~\?  
However, … aaW(S K  
But the problem is not so simple, … zLd i  
Therefore… raRb K8CQ  
But it is a pity that… o_hk!s^4m  
On the other hand, … y6tzmyg  
I do not believe that… dq[X:3i  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… ^Rriu $\  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… udYk 6  
Though we are in basic agreement with … X;/~d>@  
The trouble seems that… c+P.o.k;  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… v.Wkz9 w}  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… R+Q..9P  
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： `{BY {  
In a word, … !0Hx1I<*x  
In sum, … 5{?J5  
In conclusion, … N
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From this point of view, … @}sxA9a  
On account of this we can find that … }cUq1r-bW  
The result is dependent on … stn/   
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… ? I7}4i7  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… 8XF
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　　2.句子连接 tB-0wD=PR  
　　(1)“启” }',/~T6  
in the first place at present ;VVKn=X=S=  
currently it goes without saying that XNODDH  
lately first T\Zf`.mt  
first of all now @ Gxnrh6  
presently firstly F\LAw#IJ  
generally recently Pv@P(y?\  
in the beginning to begin with -nM=^i4)  
to start with in general L;jzDng<  
　　(2)“承” aNd6#yU$  
after a few days after a while YVSAYv_ZG}  
also at any arte W@"s~I6  
at the same time besides *2nQZ^c.  
by this time certainly &d5n_:^  
consequently for example k :KN32%  
for instance for this purpose Pn&!C*,  
from now on furthermore FBDRbJ su  
in addition in addition to… . }#R  
in fact in other words S}mZU!  
in particular in the same manner |r|<cc#  
incidentally indeed \&tv *  
meanwhile moreover I%
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no doubt obviously ,Z_aZD4  
of course particularly ?o0ro?9j  
second secondly i\h"N K  
similarly so  SK6?;_  
soon still >0^oC[ B  
then third =x_~7 Xc{  
thirdly truly QYS 1.k  
unlike… what is more sN"JVJXi  
　　(3)“转” @^O+ulLJ,]  
after all all the same te<lCD6  
anyway at the same time >^fpQG  
but by this time G8sxg&bf{  
conversely despite… w!G
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especially… fortunately @2X{e7+D  
however in other words {/u}  
in particular in spite of… WVa -0;  
in the same way likewise vq?aFX9F  
luckily nevertheless KscugX*x  
no doubt not withstanding … Kw/7X[|'G  
on the contrary on the other hand Z)Zc9SVC  
otherwise perhaps… QTC-W2t]  
unfortunately unlike… >QA;02  
whereas… yet ukInS:7  
nonetheless as a matter of fact lx)Bj6  
(4)“合” eBN!!Y:7  
above all accordingly wf,B/[,d  
as a consequence as a result ||}'  
as has been noted as I have said DI)!x {"  
at last at length 7_G$&  
by and large briefly #X`qkW.T<  
by doing so consequently wG-lR,glb  
eventually finally a3wk#mH  
hence in brief [S:{$4&  
in conclusion in short k^i\<@v  
on the whole therefore R2Y.s^  
thus to speak frankly a49xf^{1"i  
to sum up to summarize "<Q,|
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indeed surely oNFvRb2Rd  
to conclude obviously {Y6;/".DM  
certainly truly 7lH.>
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常用句型 #*zl;h1(  
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用于反驳性和比较性论文 Er!s\(h  
1. In general, I don’t agree with ibqJ'@{=e  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. #[ TOe  
3. The chief reason why… is that… Q^@z]Sc[  
4.There is no true that… i9=*ls^Cx  
5. It is not true that… 6xT"j)h  
6. It can be easily denied than… _!:*&{  
7. We have no reason to believe that… D6NgdE7b  
8. What is more serious is that… YacLYo#  
9. But it is pity that… YkJnZ_k/P  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… )oCb9K:km  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… YCI-
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12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… `F,*NESv  
13. Perhaps I was question why… LR:meCOI  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… C/{%f,rU  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but +/|t8zFWs  
16. What seems to be the trouble is…  }0f"SWO>  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… 3?Tk[m1b  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… p`mNy o'  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… V^D!\)#  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… 89+Q^79m  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … 01&J7A2  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too.  M_ii  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. -j"]1JLQ  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. qrt2BT)  
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用于描写图表和数据 wzN GL{3  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. ]O 8hkGa  
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. E@N& Y1t  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. Kq4b` cn{_  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. }3
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5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. )DwHLaLW  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. 8D5v'[j-  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. hY[Vs5v  
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. ^f_4w|u,+  
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. [_w;=l0 ;  
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. qdY*y&}"J  
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… p6|RV(?8  
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用于解释性和阐述性论说文 2oFbS%OV  
1.Everybody knows that… pj/w9j G6  
2.It can be easily proved that… SU80i`  
3. It is true that… 7%F8   
4. No one can deny that vzPuk|q3  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… p0Ra `*f  
6. The chief reason is that… b@  S.  
7. We must recognize that… wr{ [4$O  
8. There is on doubt that… p"ElO,\  
9. I am of the opinion that… e=#'rDm  
10. This can be expressed as follows; *CS2ndp  
11. To take …for an example… M,(UCyT  
12. We have reason to believe that H(,D5y`k1  
13. Now that we know that… F* h\#?  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… pxgVYr.  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that lOJ3_8  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… {IR-g,B  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… u/S{^2`b  
18. Perhaps the primary reason is… J_ y+.p- 5  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… JK_(!  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… t~(|2nTO5  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… WPbG3FrL!  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… \I[50eh|  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… )ZqY`by!  
24. Different people observes it in different ways. &8R!`uh1  
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用于文章的开头 6Qh@lro;y  
1. As the proverb says… _dk/SWb)  
2. It goes without saying tan… I/V lH:o  
3. Generally speaking… m& !4*D  
4. It is quite clear than because… ).D+/D/"2  
5. It is often said that … io{\+%;b~  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” }?KfL$@$  
7. More and more people have come to realize… K#_x.:<J  
8. There is no doubt that… JT(6Uf  
9. Some people believe that… S#{g
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10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? CYFi_6MFl  
11. One great man said that… W _JGJV.^f  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. q47:kB{d  
13. In the past several years there has been… }XcYIo#+t  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… IVdM}"+  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… ExKjH*gn  
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… 5% )<e-  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … <g3)!VR^q  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. 4M,Q{G
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用于文章的结尾 OPe3p {]  
1. from this point of view… lNRGlTD%  
2. in a word… P#o"T4 >  
3. in conclusion… Ql8s7%  
4. on account of this we can find that… n> tru L  
5. the result is dependent on… OAw- -rl  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: ]:_
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7. thus, this is the reason why we must… =9yh<'583  
8. to sum up … #ExNiFZ  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… qEJ#c e]G  
10. It is obvious that… DV{0|E  
11. There is little doubt that… 0(|Yy/Yq  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful )sZJH9[K  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. ;Y9-0W  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… kJ[r.)HU  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… #T3dfVW
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用于论证和说明 r7^oqEp @B  
1. As it is described that… e%_J O7  
2. It has been illustrated that… AEd]nVV Q  
3. It provides a good example of… z;Jz^m-  
4. We may cite another instance of… 38E %]*5F  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… w&[&ZDsK  
6. A number of further facts may be added… iu.v8I;<  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. / DG t  
8. A recent investigation indicate that… =n<Lbl(7  
9. According to the statistics provided … %urd;h
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10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… :i9=Wj
 
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… H@!]5 <:9  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… r#'ug^^k$X  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… x/dyb.  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… [9^lAhX  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… Bwl@Muw  
16. All the facts suggest that… dym K@  
17. No one can deny the fact that… 4w5 );x.  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… `?G&w.Vs  
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