医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

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英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） +39uKOrZ  
记分标准如下： 2 >O[Y1  
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13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 ?|W3RK;  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 t}h(j|  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 W9w(a:~hY  
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 Ii[U%  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 ~$T>,^K y  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 /Ls|'2J<$  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： TU~y;:O J  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； .p e3L7g  
　　2） 语法基本正确； jH<Sf: Y(  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； #
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　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； iEtR<R>=  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 `0]N#G T  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 hfY/)-60o  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 lF/ Xs  
考生出现的问题 4lX_2QT]E  
不会审题 v0)Y,hW  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 06AgY0\  
用词搭配不当。 Q}B]b-c+E  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 -avxH?;?
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句子逻辑关系混乱。 hIqUidJod  
Our English class often told stories. )JTQZ,f3]  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. (nB[aM  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 l]zQSXip  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. ZXb{-b?[`  
语法错误。 )HE{`yiLL  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 %zGv+H?  
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； xOShO"4Z   
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 *Xk5H,:  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 |T"vF`Kr(>  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 &\6},
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有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 P/ 6$TgQ  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： sdO8;v>  
It is often said that… ly34aD/p~,  
Generally speaking… &S+*1<|`K  
As the proverb says… :
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It goes without saying that… !4+Die X  
It is clear/obvious that… lq53 xT  
Mary people often ask … \PT!m bB?  
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： d pS@:  
It is true that… ws`r\k]3J  
Everybody knows that… ;0kAm Vy  
It can be easily proved that… "4WnDd5"  
No one can deny that… Jxe5y3* (  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… 0$`pYW]  
The chief reason why …is that … eSObOG/  
We must recognize that… Gev\bQa  
There is no doubt that… 1WqCezI  
I am of the opinion that… 'qiAmaX  
This can expressed as follows… P]^8Enp
 
To take…for an example (instance) … GjW(&p$&  
Therefore we should realize that … -eV*I>G  
We have reason to believe that… q7aqbkwz}  
We know that… UGM:'xa<T  
What is more serious is that… d!<>Fh^6,  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： {}'Jr1  
Another special consideration in this case is that … :tFcPc'  
Besides, we should not neglect that… K'8?%&IQ  
However, … :n~Mg {j3  
But the problem is not so simple, … tq}sedYhee  
Therefore… {-7ovH?  
But it is a pity that… fl4@5AVY  
On the other hand, … #+6j-^<_6  
I do not believe that… 7`L]aRS[  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… P;y!Y/$C  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… lws.;abm%n  
Though we are in basic agreement with … R=R]0  
The trouble seems that… |I"&Z+m  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… nw*a?$S3  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… {
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　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： :SN?t  
In a word, … `_ neYT  
In sum, … ScInOPb'K  
In conclusion, … !F6rcDKI  
From this point of view, … po]<sB  
On account of this we can find that … 9P <1/W!  
The result is dependent on … 1M_6X7PH  
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… mDwuJf8}  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… P%[{
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　　2.句子连接 ~QE?GL   
　　(1)“启” x`w
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in the first place at present 'R$/Qt;uA  
currently it goes without saying that k+@ :+RL  
lately first 0lqh;/  
first of all now FDGzh/  
presently firstly Bz,Xg-k+  
generally recently _iqaKYT$  
in the beginning to begin with ZLP0SCkuR  
to start with in general w1F)R^tU  
　　(2)“承” $RRh}w\0^  
after a few days after a while @O6 2}F  
also at any arte h}m9L!+n8  
at the same time besides ?v+el,  
by this time certainly Fkqw#s(T  
consequently for example 'vZWkeo  
for instance for this purpose dt=M#+g  
from now on furthermore L[+4/a!HQ  
in addition in addition to… j->5%y  
in fact in other words }& l%>P  
in particular in the same manner /5>A 2y  
incidentally indeed 1B{u4w7S4e  
meanwhile moreover PMj!T \B|  
no doubt obviously o8A(Cg}  
of course particularly cGg~+R2P  
second secondly `Z@qWB<  
similarly so pe\]}&  
soon still )RT:u)N  
then third UQT=URS  
thirdly truly c`)[-  
unlike… what is more KW3
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　　(3)“转” )*BG-nM u  
after all all the same .Jc<Gg  
anyway at the same time Bv}i#D  
but by this time gF|u%_y-qt  
conversely despite… V9D>Xh!0H  
especially… fortunately \q|
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however in other words > a8'MK  
in particular in spite of… [_tBv" z  
in the same way likewise 7}fT7tsN  
luckily nevertheless ? C6tYd  
no doubt not withstanding … T$Rf  
on the contrary on the other hand sH{(=N  
otherwise perhaps… T^nOv2@,  
unfortunately unlike… H')8p;~{}  
whereas… yet IKeO&]k  
nonetheless as a matter of fact %Wg8dy|  
(4)“合” Cfst)[j  
above all accordingly f]kG%JEK  
as a consequence as a result  bR83N  
as has been noted as I have said lD1m<AC  
at last at length zHQSx7Ow 5  
by and large briefly .QM>^(o$Z  
by doing so consequently sK|+&BC
 
eventually finally OP\m~1  
hence in brief &]1gx#  
in conclusion in short t|}}#Z!I[f  
on the whole therefore _G^Cc}X  
thus to speak frankly h5 PZ?Zd  
to sum up to summarize ee .,D  
indeed surely oYrg;]H  
to conclude obviously )s>R~7  
certainly truly '>#8 F.  
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常用句型 h%>yErs  
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用于反驳性和比较性论文 R b=q #  
1. In general, I don’t agree with MW|:'D`  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. |sPUb;&~  
3. The chief reason why… is that… aJ$({ZN\#  
4.There is no true that… `E8D5'tt  
5. It is not true that… #9p|aS\  
6. It can be easily denied than… rE9Nt9 }  
7. We have no reason to believe that… z--Y  
8. What is more serious is that… "{M?,
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9. But it is pity that… O{ |Ug~  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… I)q"M]~  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore…  /J[s5{  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… /G= ?E]^  
13. Perhaps I was question why… -Rbv
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14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… 80 ckh  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but aBWA hn  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… }mOo=)C!  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… `zsooA Gt  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… (0^ZZe`#j  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… k[{ ~eN:  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… I9*BTT]  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … (ty&$  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. zQaD&2 q  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. @z>DJ>htN  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. t: *1*;  
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用于描写图表和数据 K>G.HN@  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. !TO+[g!  
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. j%=X ps  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. ji.T7wn1u  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. r*9*xZ>8u  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. <."KejXg-  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. Y-lTPR<Eq  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. 2])e}&i  
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. 2WC$r8E  
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. jcHyRR1R  
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. IYv.~IQO  
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… $i%#fN  
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用于解释性和阐述性论说文 iP6?[pl8  
1.Everybody knows that… p}8?#5`/w  
2.It can be easily proved that… _{$<s[S  
3. It is true that… h s_x @6  
4. No one can deny that |5jrl|  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… i6<uj  
6. The chief reason is that… }{)Rnb@ >  
7. We must recognize that… 5+yy:#J]  
8. There is on doubt that… \&47u1B  
9. I am of the opinion that… =\G`g#  
10. This can be expressed as follows; HuR774f[  
11. To take …for an example… b[<L l%K  
12. We have reason to believe that LW k
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13. Now that we know that… sR/y|  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… o`G6!  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that >~_z#2PA  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… Kg`P@  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… +\$c_9|C+  
18. Perhaps the primary reason is… a~?B/ g&_  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… q"EW*k+ )  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… O p1TsRm5L  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… Z_fwvcZ?05  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… JI cm$  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… rT\~VJ>+i  
24. Different people observes it in different ways. h=\1ZQKC)  
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用于文章的开头 \Z h&[D!2  
1. As the proverb says… <B>hvuCoH  
2. It goes without saying tan… ;K~=? k  
3. Generally speaking… u80C>sQ  
4. It is quite clear than because… #!E`%' s]  
5. It is often said that … J5n6K$.d  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” <$K=3&:s8q  
7. More and more people have come to realize… #d*0 )w  
8. There is no doubt that… %@)R  
9. Some people believe that… $gN\%X/n"1  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? d2V\T+=  
11. One great man said that… l0;u$  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. ^/$dSXKF  
13. In the past several years there has been… ITg:OOQ  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… dNY'uv&Y  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… )+|wrK:*v  
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that…  ^#C+l  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … |vm-(HY!  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. H }]Zp  
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用于文章的结尾 Pz[UAJ  
1. from this point of view… YFPse.2$a  
2. in a word… G6qZ>-GiL  
3. in conclusion… SXYwhID=  
4. on account of this we can find that… R9^vAS4t[O  
5. the result is dependent on… `xHpL8i$5  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: _ Pzgn@D  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… 5._QI/d)'J  
8. to sum up … {D^ )%{  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… k{lo'  
10. It is obvious that… j>?nL~{  
11. There is little doubt that… v;5-1  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful ks("( nU  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. Gey-8  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… :h(3Ep  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… u/wX7s  
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用于论证和说明 9S17Lr*c  
1. As it is described that… Z:,\FB_U  
2. It has been illustrated that… ^GrSvl}v'  
3. It provides a good example of… M,p0wsj;  
4. We may cite another instance of… +PLJ  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… LgX2KU"  
6. A number of further facts may be added… FZ<6kk4  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. .pe.K3G&  
8. A recent investigation indicate that… B*3_m _a  
9. According to the statistics provided … g\/|7:yB]  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… SeS ZMv  
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… 7b-[# g  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… kSol%C  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… zA$ Y@f  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… 8KigGhY'ms  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… )v+
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16. All the facts suggest that… G@~
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17. No one can deny the fact that… Zn.S65J*u  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… sA: /!9  
!@Vj&>mH$  
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