过去完成时
BHIM'24bp a. She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
np= J :v4 b. 状语从句
?9CIWpGjU 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
y.
%i When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
})q]g Mj c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
[10$a(g\x We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
&KLvr| ^1()W,B~w 3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
%OTQRe: He said that he had learned some English before.
0VG^GKmx By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
j`Tm\!q Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
_8Pmv$ JHHb | 典型例题
% 1OC#& the students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
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A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
e_tZja2s 答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此
l A 0-?k 前一句应用过去进行时。
& %@/Dwr !>?4[|?n< 注意： had no … when 还没等…… 就……
r{bgTG had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
V}j %gy` He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
jt0H5-x 用于现在完成时的句型
YWybPD4\( I3V{"Nx 6 2(@L Rl>: 1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
+d|: s It is the first time that I have visited the city.
oUnq"] It was the third time that the boy had been late.
sDW"j \ "FD<^
2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
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@~ This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
\HBVNBY 这是我看过的最好的电影。
^p{A !I! This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
yBU ZVqqDa ,<R>Hiwg/s 典型例题
WsG"x>1n (1) ---Do you know our town at all?
4f_ZY5= ---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
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" A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
[ flu |v 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。
hg<"Yg= K|P9uH
D (2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
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-K ---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
`8$:F4%P A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
LS R_x$G+t 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。
dXf]G6 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
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R 5\^[GN （错）I have received his letter for a month.
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_SoM!; （对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
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NkHEK 独立主格结构的特点：
\FY/eQ*07 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
rw40<SS"Z 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。
K#m\ q itb 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
b n<I#ZH2 举例：
!>a&`j2:W the test finished, we began our holiday.
i4{ / = When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
r -1yJ 考试结束了，我们开始放假。
=DmPPl{ L XTipWKz the president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
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S = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
}QApeZd+q 总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
wHo#%Y,Nmi $h|I7` F|
,Vw{ Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
>ji}j~cH 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
^Xt]wl*]+ This done, we went home.
Muc*?wB` 工作完成后，我们才回家。
YDZ1@N}^B ! )51v { >gS5[`xRE the meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
wFoR,oXtL/ 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
Lz EE]i x9{Sl[2& Ekg N6S`} He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
,pGCgOG#}c 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。
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j ]>S$R&a He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
S*DBY~pZy 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
