句子结构的错误 Nkjza:f{
在英语中按句型来说可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四种，从结构上来说又可以分为简单句、并列句和复合句三种。句子的结构错误是构成句子完整结构的某一成分用错或者缺少，或者使用了多于成分而造成句意不清的错误类型。由于英语语法和汉语语法特点在结构上表现得十分明显，主、谓、宾结构在数、格、人称上的一致、连接手段的正确使用以及词序安排等，都与汉语有着相当大的差异，因此在改错中也是一大难点。句子结构错误类型包括：句子类型使用错误、句子成分短缺、平行结构错误以及词组搭配使用错误。 hW%TM3l}
|ax 3sAg
下面通过一些例题来进行具体讲解： )SaG H3~*C
.t{MIC
~,d,#)VE2q
XR8,Vt) =
例 1 J; 3{3
j?A/#
Computer analyzed marketing reports can help AhCW'.
h(<,fg1
deciding which products to emphasize now, which
H_B 4
q
VjdOY:z
to develop for the future, and which to be dropped. 1.__________ a Fc1|.Nm
\(J8
# V
6~0$Z-);(
6h>wt-tRC
本句中三个平行成分 which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to be dropped 结构模式应该一致，均采用不定式主动语态，因而 to be dropped 应改为 to drop 。 HpR]q05d
_ftI*ni:<
O ~(p g
E_gD:PPU5
例 2 ];} Wfl
T\:4qETQF]
When we consider the comfortable circumstances ?42<J %p
B6=ebM`q
of a working family today, the life of the workingman [l:x'_y
m9)p-1y@5
in 1882 seems miserable indeed. But earlier it had OHv[#xGuV?
SD#]$v
been ever hard. 1.__________ 6. FY0. i
/TE _W@?^
H!vax)%-\
&vH oRY
根据上文中“ earlier ”可知，原句显然是将 1882 年以前的生活与 1882 年时的生活作比较，所以此处 hard 应该改为 harder 。 01[NX? qEa
vVj
H /,gro
X(!Cfb8+5
例 3 2*rH?dz8E
I6~pV@h^=
At the beginning of the nineteenth century working aF8fqu \
!GOM5z,
hours were from sunrise to sunset, pay was awful, lT4Hn;tnN
gHhh>FFAq
and working conditions being poor and dangerous. 1.__________ UU'|Xz9~
,PlO 8;5]
L}GC<D:
C?ulj9=Z
在该句中， working hours were from sunrise to sunset, pay was awful, and working conditions being poor and dangerous 三个小分句为并列结构关系，因此必须保持成分和结构上的一致性，故应该将 being 改为 were 。
7: A x(El
(Lo%9HZ1Mx
X_qf"|i
|M8WyW
例 4 Y^36>1.:
Mb"J@5P[4
However, a second person thought that this was 6`!Fv-
9 Yx]= n
more a question of civilized behavior as good 1.__________ GQ*wc?f3
Z?pnj8h
-&
manners. 2LNRtW*
J~B<7O<?!1
$p#%G#T
;^ La"m
“ more…than… ”是固定搭配用法，在此句中表示“与其…不如…”的意思，而不是“比…多”的意思；没有“ more…as… ”的搭配用法，故应该将 as 改为 than 。 d cL A1sN,
z ?[r
?|WoIV.
练习题 DVah
I#m-
g-J
fLDg~;3
!_+8A/
1 On the contrary, the intimate atmosphere of the zG' "9kJx
G P:FSprP
small college allows the student four years of structural |+3 5y_i6
"z0zpHXek
living in which to expect and preparing for the real world. 1.__________ ndjx| s)E
fLSXPvm
fwr J!j
)I^2k4Cg"
2 In making his choice among educational institutions n6*En7I
Vh
VA "*6F
the student must, therefore, consider a great many factors. 4q'B<7{Q
~6pr0uyO`
Going to school is part of the socialization process, yfj K2
U3izvM
and so going to the movies. 2.__________ !e Ao
ZxG}ViS4I
1=|7 mehL%
277ASCWLkU
3 The next morning the sun rose like a red ball on the 9U {y1}
gP-nluq
eastern horizon. But somehow after breakfast it hid t4q ej
'=E3[0W
itself behind patches of clouds but it seemed a rain was 3.__________ yJsH=5A
8K;Y2
#
apparent. fQ'.8'>T
?!=iu!J
4g}FB+[u
Y7GF$}%UL
4 But luckily, no sooner had we entered the car when it 4.__________ 7l."b$U4yv
:s-o0$PlJ
suddenly began to rain. 2 $ !D* <
1z*kc)=JF8
Z ,c,G2D
?Pwx~[<1""
5 That is worthy of note about these two groups is that 5.__________ w?mEuXc
"BVdPS DBk
among the 40 people there are only two women. NQ|xM"MqD
b [@V Ya
K"<*a"1I
`@`1pOb
6 Women members are so less than members that we 6.__________ hzY [
G :
.wK1El{bf
again think of the outdated prejudice that women are ( 0Naf
-Dzsa
inferior in intelligence. T~gW3J
zzZg$9PT[
kII7z;<^`
+&ZX$
7 The best way to avoid using dictionaries when you :a3LS|W
2L\3S ukj
are reading English books is to try to remember many 7.__________
zPZF|%|
6ri#Lw
words as you can. $zkH|]
zZ
X)uDSI~
*j*Du+
ilEi")b =
8 It is just on that day when I bumped into Miss Helen 8.__________ kI* Uk M-
zTCP )x
on my way to work. ;Gm>O7"|@
6 ,N6jaW
RfbdB sL
TGWdyIk
9 It is in the cinema not on the street where he lost his 9.__________ hWGZd~L
rveVCT bC
wallet which contained ＄ 1,000 in it. ^o%_W0_r
0 K3Hf^>m
!
Q[}s #g
-h\@RC
10 In the future passengers ships will be built to travel U6i~A9;
~PUsgL^
undersea, and special underwater ships will be designed #1l7 FT?q
5fq. *1f
for mining, fishing, and to exploring unknown areas. 10.__________ ' jbMTI
T{ nQjYb?
pYGYy'%A'
,^+#M{Z
m3%e f
*K!7R2Rat
答案解析： \6c8z/O7
j/`Up
y"Ihr5S\
)T<D6l
Lt
1.preparing→prepare。属于平行结构中的动词错误。在并列连词and前后显然要有形式一致的动词，但前面没有与preparing呼应的现在分词（注：同行中的living是in which中which的先行词，故一定是名词，而不是现在分词——这是词形表面上的干扰），故只能改动preparing使之与前面的动词不定式expect一致，这里也有考生将preparing改为prepares，用意是与句中谓语动词allows一致，但要注意，句中不定式expect是及物动词，它的宾语是“the real world”，必须与prepare for共享。 _}z_yu#jY
g?$e^ls
XL?A w
iZ
u:uMoc
2.so后面加is。该句是一个并列句，第一个分词结构是完整的，主语由动名词“going to school”担当，第二个分词表语部分与前面相同。为避免重复，而使用代词so，但是谓语不能省略，必须加上is才是完整的结构。 |Pj9ZG#
J,`_,T
0JrK/Ma3
6BR \iZ
3.but→and。 s.bT[ 0Vl
A@\ qoS[
Yo@m50s$
gRw.AXR a
4.when→than。“no sooner…than…”和“hardly…when…”是固顶结构，相互之间不能交换使用。 n8
G F8a
\kfcv
X!2.IsIS8
$:PF9pY(
5.that→what。该句结构比较复杂，前面整个句子作为主语，但是that不能作为主语从句的主语成分，因此改成what。 - a
V> 1D1
e!.7no
A8#.1uEgNb
6.less→fewer。 Kp$_0
J2)-cY5G
**Qe`}E:
}g%KvYB_
7.many前加as。 m ]{<Ux
v@F| O8t:s
E \
K
RPz!UMQSD
8.when→that。因为该句是一个强调句，所强调成分的代词除了在所强调成分为“人”时使用who或者that的情况外，一律使用that。
"$`wk
?ZSXoy-kr
DBqg_v
_)HD4,`
9.where→that。
<^H1)=tlF
m1~qaD<DZ$
pDLu + }@
Oz4,Y+[#
10.删除to。
