英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样,其中有 一些(如下文中的句型②、⑤、⑥、⑧、(12) 等, 见圈码)很容易译错——其主要原因在于:英汉两语在 表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。现将常 用的英语倍数句型及其正确译法归纳如下: ~L bS~_\C=
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(一) A is n times as great(long,much,…)as B.(①) |8H_-n
A is n times greater (longer, more,…)than B.(②) uFZ~
A is n times the size (length, amount,…)of B.(③) abBO93f^
以上三句都应译为;A的大小(长度,数量,……)是B的n倍[或A比B大(长,多,……)n-1倍]. !6H uFf
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Eg. This book is three times as long as (three times longer than,three times the length of )that one. y}N&/}M:}8
这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。 icE|.[
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注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than(as,of)B常被省去。 EUy(T1Cl&&
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(二)increase to n times(④) |O-`5_z$r
increase n times/n-fold(⑤) wK ?
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increase by n times(⑥) i5"5&r7r
increase by a factor of n(⑦) &vkjmiAS
以上四式均应译为:增加到n倍(或:增加n-1倍)。 }3Y
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Eg. The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year. ~U$":~H[
The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against l986. q8>t!rh<R
化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。 E1 |<Pt
That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times. ?[)yGRzO2
那可使代谢率提高到原来的2倍或3倍(即提高1倍或2倍)。 h?Nek+1'
The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four. 6Ps.E
漏电压增加了3借(即增加到原来的4倍)。 R,t$"bOd
注:在这类句型中increase常被raise,grow,go/step up,multiply等词所替代。 @g-G
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(三)There is a n-fold increase/growth…(⑧) PD6_)PXn
应译为:增加n-倍(或增至n倍)。这个句型还有其它一些形式: XF*.Jg]
Eg. A record high increase in value of four times was reported. hJ*Ihwn|
据报道,价值破记录地增长了3倍。 sw;|'N$:<
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(四)double (增加1倍),treble(增加2倍),quadruple(增加3倍)。(⑨) T95t"g?p
Eg. The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled. tfYB _N
这些机器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。 6>`c1
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(五)此外,英语中还有一种用again而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法,如: 8'#/LA[uPe
A is as much (large,long,…)again as B.(= A is twice as much (large,long,…)as B.(⑩) mchJmZ{A
应译为:A比B多(大,长,……)1倍。 $t}<85YCQ
A is half as much (large, 1ong,…)again as B. 65TfFcQ<S
【= A is one and a half times as much (large, 1ong,…)as B.】(11) $s-Y%gc
应译为:A比B多(大,长……)一半(即A是B的一倍半)。 @1-F^G%p8
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