考博英语翻译技巧-形容词翻译 "0 \U>h
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英语和汉语语言结构和表达习惯有很多差异之处,翻译时往往不能死扣原文逐词逐句译出。本文拟谈谈形容词的翻译问题。 L B1ui
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一、一些原义并无否定意思的形容词和别的词搭配有时可译成否定句 L)&?$V
来源:考试大 Um]>B`."wK
1. These goods are in short supply. 1uz9zhG><
这些货物供应不足。 0DhF3]
来源:考试大 -MOPm]iA
2. This equation is far from being complicated. e5maZ(.;F
这个方程一定也不复杂。 ;H/*%2
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二、为了使译文自然流畅,读起来顺口,在一些形容词前可根据上下文内容加上副词“很”、“最”等字 q0{KYWOvk
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1. It was as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. dN\Byl(6
这是我度过最愉快的一天。 &F9BaJ
来源:考试大 &}@U#w]l
2. It is easy to compress a gas. CdlE"Ye
气体很容易压缩。 s t P~/}
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三、有时可将英语的“形容词+名词短语”译成汉语的主谓结构 SY>i@s+ML
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1. She spoke in a high voice. =z'- B~
她讲话声音很尖。 :&}(?=<R}L
来源:考试大 ~Wjm"|c
2. This engine develops a high torque. U(3+*'8r,1
这台发动机产生的转矩很大。 A\iDK10Q$
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四、如果一个名词前有几个形容词修饰,英译时应根据汉语习惯决定其顺序 _7#Ng@#\
来源:考试大 K)~ m{
1. a large brick conference hall ne] |\]
一个用砖砌的大会议厅 _fha9`
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2. a plastic garden chair *gfx'$
一把在花园里用的塑料椅子 ce th )Xm
来源:考试大 /2pf*\u
五、英语中一些表示知觉、情感、欲望等心理状态的形容词同连系动词构成复合谓语时,翻译时可将形容词译成动词 p0~=
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1. You are ignorant of the duties you undertake in marrying. )QEvV:\
你完全不懂你在婚姻方面承担的责任。 W.TZU'%
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2. Such criticisms have become familiar in his later commentaries on America. a5ZU"6Hi
类似的批评在他后来写的评论美国的文章中屡见不鲜。 /=I&-gxC
来源:考试大 H$TYp
3. He is truly sorry for his past, and he has undertaken to give up motorcars entirely and for ever. {I+
他诚恳地忏悔过去,并保证永远不再玩汽车。 i*B@#;;F
来源:考试大 ln%xp)t
六、由于语言习惯不同,英语里的形容词有时译成汉语副词 <
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来源:考试大 ;> **+ezF
1. I am going to be good and sweet and kind to every body. 3-#|6khqt
我要对每一个人都亲切、温顺、和善。 rU<NHFG
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2. He asked me for a full account of myself and family. "@U9'rKx
他详尽地问起我自己和我家里的情况。 z1[2.&9D-
来源:考试大 \U;4\
3. Another war will be the absolute end of our country. #A<|hh
再来一次战争将彻底毁灭我们这个国家。 Z*S
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从以上几个方面可以看出,译好形容词是使译文通顺、流畅的一个环节。 H|_^T.n?E
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考博英语翻译技巧-英语倍数翻译 )R
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英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样,其中有 一些(如下文中的句型②、⑤、⑥、⑧、(12) 等, 见圈码)很容易译错——其主要原因在于:英汉两语在 表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。现将常 用的英语倍数句型及其正确译法归纳如下: *n mr4Q'v{
来源:考试大 g+Vfd(e
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(一) A is n times as great(long,much,…)as B.(①) [.4R ,[U
A is n times greater (longer, more,…)than B.(②) !GI*R2<W
A is n times the size (length, amount,…)of B.(③) *O-1zIlp
以上三句都应译为;A的大小(长度,数量,……)是B的n倍[或A比B大(长,多,……)n-1倍]. qS<a5 `EA
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Eg. This book is three times as long as (three times longer than,three times the length of )that one. +7n;Bsk
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这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。 edld(/wu~
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注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than(as,of)B常被省去。 Nq'Cuwsp
来源:考试大
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(二)increase to n times(④) ixF
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increase n times/n-fold(⑤) N*z_rZE
increase by n times(⑥) O{Bll;C
increase by a factor of n(⑦) 0
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以上四式均应译为:增加到n倍(或:增加n-1倍)。 j`jF{k b
来源:考试大 x95[*[
Eg. The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year. [kwVxaI
The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against l986. m<L.H33'
化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。来源:考试大 8CKN^8E
That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times. ?U'c;*O-
那可使代谢率提高到原来的2倍或3倍(即提高1倍或2倍)。 *olV Y/'O
The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four. ;=\vm"I?
漏电压增加了3借(即增加到原来的4倍)。 Ny|2Fcs
注:在这类句型中increase常被raise,grow,go/step up,multiply等词所替代。 #T<<{ RA
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(三)There is a n-fold increase/growth…(⑧) `s
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应译为:增加n-倍(或增至n倍)。这个句型还有其它一些形式: 2{^k*Cfd
Eg. A record high increase in value of four times was reported. 5bU[uT,`6
据报道,价值破记录地增长了3倍。 来源:考试大 ?EP>yCR9
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(四)double (增加1倍),treble(增加2倍),quadruple(增加3倍)。(⑨) _ dFZR
Eg. The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled. !DsKa6Zj
这些机器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。 _SU%ul
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(五)此外,英语中还有一种用again而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法,如: pzcV[E1
A is as much (large,long,…)again as B.(= A is twice as much (large,long,…)as B.(⑩) b+/XVEsr
应译为:A比B多(大,长,……)1倍。 +$Q.N{LV
A is half as much (large, 1ong,…)again as B.来源:考试大 E?%SOU<
【= A is one and a half times as much (large, 1ong,…)as B.】(11) AITV+=sN
应译为:A比B多(大,长……)一半(即A是B的一倍半)。 AIZs^
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(一)A is n times as small (light,slow,…)as B.(12) 5 9$B
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A is n times smaller (lighter, slower,…) than B.(13) 9
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以上两句均应译为:A的大小(重量,速度,……)是B的1/n[或A比B小(轻,慢,……)(n-1)/n]。 >KF1]/y<
Eg. The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom. so[i"ZM)
氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16(即比氧原子约轻15/16)。 6J/"1_
Eg. This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper. Pl|e?Np
这种薄膜比普通纸张要薄一半(即是普通纸厚度的1/2)。 8yr_A[S8.
注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than/as B常被省去。 来源:考试大 |#<PI9)`
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(二)decrease n times/n--fold (14) V}?d
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decrease by n times(15) &?~OV:r9
decrease by a factor of n(16)来源:考试大 =#WoeWFW*
以上三式均译为:减少到1/n[或:减少(n-1)/n]。 Gb)!]:8
decrease常被reduce, shorten, go/slow down等词替代。 V&7jd7
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Eg. Switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened 3 times. jKFypIZ4
新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了1/3(即缩短到2/3)。来源:考试大
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Eg. When the voltage is stepped up by ten times, the strength of the current is stepped down by ten times. ]Z/<HP$#
电压升高9倍,电流强度便降低9/10(即90%)。 AvW2)+6G
Eg. The equipment reduced the error probability by a factor of 5. ~G0\57;h
该设备误差概率降低了4/5。来源:考试大 IyTL|W6
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(三)There is a n-fold decrease/reduction… \@yx;}bdI
应译为:减至1/n [或:减少(n一1)/n]。(17) d*7nz=0&$
这个句型还有其它一些形式,
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Eg. A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed. J23Tst#s
发现迅速减少到1/7。 U68o"iE
Eg. The principal advantage of the products is a two-fold reduction in weight. oqzx}?0
这些产品的主要优点是重量减轻了1/2。来源:考试大 U1pL
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从上列倍数增减句型及其译法中不难看出:与汉语不 同的是,英语在表述或比较倍数时,无论使用什么句 型(除了不含倍数词的again句型外)都包括基础倍 数在内,因此都不是净增或净减n倍,而是净增或 净减n-1倍。所以句型⑤、③表示的倍数增量=句型④; 句型(13)表示的倍数比差=句型12,且decrease(by) 3 times应译为“减少2/3”,而不是“减少3/4”。