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30楼  发表于: 2007-08-17   
我传上去了一个资料,词汇1,压缩包,分享
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31楼  发表于: 2007-08-30   
我前几天传了考题,没显示呢
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32楼  发表于: 2008-09-19   
hao
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sasad
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34楼  发表于: 2008-09-20   
我从哪里回答问题啊
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35楼  发表于: 2008-09-20   
上传了一套试题和一套词汇
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36楼  发表于: 2008-09-20   
分子生物学笔记完全版.pdf 279KB 希望有用,850000上传 >>编辑 9:`(Q3Ei  
http://freekaobo.ys168.com/?jdfwkey=en7ot1免费考博专业资料 freekaobo
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37楼  发表于: 2008-09-22   
哈工大市政工程专业考试大纲
博士生入学专业基础课考试大纲 JJ{9U(`_y6  
    高等水力学   [288] 6 oLwfTy  
:um|nRwy9  
一、考试要求 &v"3*.org@  
考试为笔试、闭卷形式。强调对基本概念、基本公式、基本计算方法的掌握和运用能力。避免单纯的死记硬背,更多地强调理解及想象能力。 ^5A t?I8  
/9zE^YcT  
二、内容范围 dn }`i   
1.流体运动微分形式的基本方程  ?p(/_@  
(1)描述流体运动的方法 "y_#7K  
(2)流体微团运动的分析 A |3tI  
(3)连续性微分方程 "Kc>dJ@W  
(4)理想流体的运动微分方程及其积分 GrTulN?  
(5)粘性流体的运动微分方程 :=8t"rO=W  
(6)不可压缩流体基本微分方程组 [Z~ 2  
(7)有关物理量在正交曲线坐标系中的表示式 nPs7c %  
2.流体运动积分形式的基本方程 UK1_ 0tp]x  
(1)系统、控制体及输运方程 @BrMl%gV  
(2)连续性方程 +,yK;^b  
(3)能量方程 !2z?YZhu  
(4)动量方程 \mw(cM#:  
(5)动量矩方程 ^)?d6nI  
3.有涡流动及有势流动 M/q E2L[y  
(1)有涡流动的性质 Zum0J{l h  
(2)旋涡的诱导速度 rQEyD  
(3)旋涡层 卡门涡阶 wWSdTLX  
(4)有旋流动 *J+_|_0nlW  
(5)理想不可压缩流体恒定平面势流的基本方程 !^v5-xO?rP  
(6)几个基本势流 {q<03d~9|G  
(7)势流叠加原理及其应用 j:}DBk  
(8)空化和空蚀 _=q! BW  
4.流动型态与边界层 H)aQ3T4N5  
(1)层流运动 xB@|LtdO9;  
(2)紊流运动的基本概念 h.!}3\Y  
(3)紊流的基本方程 E;d7ch  
(4)紊流的半经验理论 q~@]W=  
(5)紊流扩散 S.Z9$k%   
(6)边界层理论基础 fM #7y [  
(7)壁面边界层 RN)dS>$  
(8)边界层的分离现象 hXb%;GL  
5.流动阻力与水头损失 4J?t_)  
(1)流动阻力  Ug:\  
(2)沿程水头损失 K"u NxZ  
(3)局部水头损失 +rIL|c}J  
6.明槽中的恒定均匀流与非均匀渐变流 >(y<0   
  (1)明槽均匀流 T \CCF  
  (2)缓流,急流,临界流 YPzU-:3  
  (3)明槽恒定非均匀渐变流基本方程 pGSai &  
  (4)明槽非均匀渐变流水面曲线的分析 mKT>,M  
  (5)明槽水面线的计算 A<\JQ  
  (6)明槽水流的掺气 oG7q_4+&  
7.明槽中的非恒定流动 * ,v|y6  
  (1)明槽非恒定流的特性 U:MPgtwe  
  (2)明槽非恒定渐变流动的基本方程 G&;j6<hl  
  (3)特征线法 LTJc,3\,  
  (4)直接插分法 8vuCc=  
  (5)瞬态法 OEPa|rb  
  BS q)RV/3  
三、试卷结构 }<PxWZ`,\  
填空、简答或论述题占30%,计算题及推导证明题为70%。 bln/1iS  
cEe? *\G  
四、参考书目 U$H @ jJ*  
1.董曾南 主编 水力学(第二版)上册 高等教育出版社,1995 ;Nr]X  
余常昭 主编 水力学(第二版)下册 高等教育出版社,1995
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38楼  发表于: 2008-09-22   
考博词汇
一些a range of ; a variety of ; a series of ; an array of >/<:Q  &  
无数innumerable ; countless cL8#S>>u.  
许多plenty of ; many ; much ; a great deal of ; a lot of ; ample ?EU\}N J  
非常多(大)的tremendous 8h<ehNX ^I  
依序列举list in sequence 24Z]%+b*E  
过时的outdated ; antiquated ; outmoded ; obsolete ; anachronistic O[9-:,B{w  
短暂的ephemeral ; transitory ; transient ; short-lived 5]1leT  
不合时宜的anachronism eQO#Qso]  
可持久的durable ; able to stand wear ; last a long time x'Pi5NRE  
一再time after time ; again and again Gg\G'QU  
初始的preliminary  0Q593F  
前述的aforementioned ; aforesaid ; former 7&O`p(j  
自古到今from ancient times to the present day ; down through the ages < Fs-3(V+\  
年轻人young people ; youngster ; youth ; young adult ,}xbAA#  
老式的old-fashioned ; out of date ; dated 9Q W&$n^  
偶尔from time to time ; now and then ; once in a while ; at times <B /5J:o<  
时常often ; frequently ; repeatedly Rq~t4sA:  
永远的eternal ; perpetual ; lasting throughout life 4z :#I;  
重整办事优先顺序reshape priorities E)ugLluL  
目前so far ; by far E?PGu!&u  
一次就可完成的事one-time event %Y4e9T".  
正/反意见(opinion) R.j1?\  
骂yell at ; reprimand ; chide ; scold ; reprove OlxX.wP  
支持support ; endorse ; back up ; uphold 92dF`sv  
谴责condemn ; express strong disapproval of ID1?PM  
错的mistaken ; erroneous ; wrong incorrect G>T')A  
错事wrongdoing ; had acts ; misbehavior oJ*1>7[J  
做相反的do the reverse of ; do the opposite -%IcYzyA  
归咎blame…on ; put the blame on … ; …is to blame _-cK{  
瓦解disintegrate ; break up ; separate into small parts iO!6}yJ*V  
支持某一方in favor of ; on the side of (L6Cy% KgV  
不会犯错的infallible X`zC ^z}  
意见不和clashes of opinion K2'O]#  
一致的unanimous ; in complete agreement w#G2-?aj  
不恰当inappropriate ; improper ; unsuitable ; inadequate y no('1B@  
批判criticize ; blame; find fault with ; make judgments of the merits and faults of… 6k])KlJ2;  
我们想念…we are convinced that…; we are certain that.. ]Ql 0v"` F  
愿意I incline to; I am inclined to; I am willing to; I tend to H5wb_yBQ+  
有用的useful ; of use; serviceable; good for; instrumental; productive i4Z4xTn  
有意义的meaningful; fulfilling Lx|' ,6S  
他们不愿承认这一点they have always been reluctant to admit this… =N.!k Vkl  
在大家同意下by common consent of… s<T?pH  
否定deny; withhold; negate NVIWWX9?  
承认admit; acknowledge; confess; concede e`U Qz$4!  
于事无补of no help; of no avail; no use |qjZ38;6  
使…受益benefit…; do good to…; is good for…; is of great benefit to… Mpx/S<Z  
想法frame of mind; mind set; the way one is thinking u@ N~1@RT|  
想出come up with B0mLI%B  
找出come up with; find out *FgJ|y6gk  
利用use; take advantage of %l9$a`&  
夸耀brag about; boast about; show off; speak too highly of y62%26 [  
照顾take care of; take charge of; attend to; watch over 2z2`  
对…很了解have a deep knowledge of… zQuM !.  
对抗权威stand up against authority; resisit boldly the authority @Jv# fr  
对…有信心have confidence in gT1P*N;v  
说清楚articulate; verbalize; put in words; utter d!{7r7o b\  
接受…之美意embrace the offer of… k 'zat3#f  
累积amass; accumulate; heap up; assemble Up?=m^  
联系get in touch with; contact with ]A:( L9  
排除这可能性rule out the possibility o)]FtL:mm  
等于is equivalent to; equal ( )|3  
选择choose; elect; opt for; pick; single out Rl@$xP  
发出deliver; give out; hand over hLuJWjCV  
绕路detour; take a detour; take a roundabout way "n- pl  
禁止进入is kept out; is barred from >!BFt$sd  
小看make little of % !W%#U0  
坏了out of order; on the blink; is not working E <@\>y.[  
分别distinguish between; make a distinction between; tell…from Ph)| j&]  
依靠count on; depend on QrS$P09=\  
忽视neglect; give too little care to };SV!'9s?~  
存在come to be; come into existence; come to birth; come into being zl)&U=4l  
考虑consider; take into consideration; take into account xXOw:A'  
考虑到in consideration of V*qY"[   
用尽力气exhaust one’s strength; use up one’s strength /yK"t< p  
开动initiate; set going YX;nMyD?~  
准备…brace for; prepare for A'g,:8Ou  
在于lie in; rest on; rest with &>=#w"skb6  
主动take the initiative qY}Cg0[@g  
不算exclusive of; not counting; leaving out hWxT!  
应该得到deserve; have right to; is worthy of ~07RFR  
避免avoid; shun; get around; circumvent pTET%)3  
幻想fantasy; play of the mind BTs0o&}e  
以此标准来算by this criterion; by this standard `vEqj v  
乍看之下at first glance ADBpX>  
面对in the face of; in the presence of eBvW#Hzp  
以by means of; by virtue of; by the use of 9HKf^+';n  
不惜代价at all costs sRi%1r7  
每况愈下from bad to worse 1*c>I@I;  
承受错误造成的后果in reaping the harvest of his mistakes 4?]ZV_BD  
取得同意…get the go-ahead to >)sqh ~P  
不择手段unscrupulously; by hook or by crook u_Zm1*'?B  
想法与作法beliefs and practices T/Q==Q{W:  
内情ins and outs; turns and twists i* gKt jx  
关键时刻the critical moment "OJr*B  
虽然although; notwithstanding; albeit; though Y eO-gY [b  
根据according to; on the basis of; on the ground of (that); in the light of; in line with; in accordance with T^NJ4L4#  
逃避问题evade the question Z"N(=B  
增大enlarge; extend; aggrandize oek #^:pF  
澄清clarify; make clear EqQ3=XMUL@  
赔偿compensate for; give…as compensation for 9 P~d:'Ib  
实现carry out; implement; realize; make…come true & qL<C  
假定suppose; assume; postulate; hypothesize L6kZ2-6  
极端的radical; extreme qxSs ~Qc  
极端的措施drastic measures "B?R| Xg  
剩下的the rest; the remainder; what is left S|) J{~QH  
换言之in other words; put another way Z?C4a }  
结果result; aftermath; consequence &58 {  
优点advantage; strength; strong point; merit; benefit , | <jjq)  
简言之put simply; in short; in brief; in a nutshell )1K! [ W}t  
举例而言for instance; for example; to illustrate; let us cite 特别是an illustration; to cite a concrete case  )Oo2<:"  
特别是especially; more than others; particularly; in particular A{1 \f*  
既然…now that…; seeing that… >F~ITk5`Oo  
迹象inkling; hint; clue; a slight suggestion ysl8LK   
缺点disadvantage; demerit; shortcoming; drawback; weakness gu!](yEgl  
除去do away with; eliminate; remove; get rid of lh~<s2[R 2  
缺少for lack of; for a deficiency of $)l2G ;&  
毕竟after all; all in all pqOA/^ar  
范围scope; field; realm ~@?"' !U  
潜力potential; /[6:LnaE  
行为conduct; behavior; doings X;(oz]tr$  
隔绝isolate; insulate U-1VnX9m  
分辨出identify; recognize l$=Gvb  
不易懂的elusive; hard to understand e"lD`*U8R  
展开unfold 2c"/QT  
回馈feedback &+,:u*%  
主导的人物a dominant figure; a controlling man; the most influential person iF8@9m  
观点viewpoint; point of view; perspective; standpoint CH55K[{<  
正在进行中is underway {uEu >D$8  
只是一种姿态is merely a gesture J-b~4  
立场position; stand; stance $1b]xQ  
意向inclination; leaning; intention ]&' jP  
特权privilege; a special right mn(/E/  
来自stem from; come from D 8gQR Q  
一件事的不同说法alternative statements of fact 9) jo7,VM  
交织intertwine; interweave f 5mY;z"  
好奇心the eager desire to know; curiosity <=$rU232}  
尊敬respect; esteem; think highly of VtD@&N  
顽固的headstrong; obstinate; stubborn /L)?> tg  
暗淡的gloomy; dark; dim !p-'t]  
巨大的huge; gigantic; colossal; vast; enormous; tremendous p .lu4  
探索explore; fathom %uh R'8"  
执行carry out; execute; do Tavtr9L0XY  
现代modern times; modern age; contemporary age ) )fDOJ  
偏见prejudice; bias; partiality; predilection 9)#gtDM%J  
混乱chaos; commotion; confusion; disturbance; tumult f&=K]:WDe  
无弹性(僵硬)rigid FP.(E9  
无缺点的flawless; airtight H<v c\r  
无药可救incurable x&QNP  
无法避免的unavoidable; inevitable un.G6|S  
细密的计划elaborate plan }*xC:A%aS  
取消cancel; annul; abolish &*X3c h  
解药a cure for…; a remedy for; z\X60T  
谜puzzle; riddle; enigma 7yo|ie@S  
机会平等equality of opportunity tVC@6 Z$  
较有影响力的国家a predominant country Vww@eK%5Q  
遵守abide by; conform to; observe; comply with $ijx#a&O  
热情的passionate; ardent; zealous 71K\.[ =-  
模糊的ambiguous; vague; obscure }~7H2d);-  
影响长远的far-reaching zyIza@V(  
失望despair; loss of hope; without hope ~5-~q0Ge  
幼稚childish; childlike; naive oA(. vr  
挑剔的picky; choosy; fastidious :7HVBH  
破坏destroy; ruin; break to pieces; devasate >qSO,$  
技巧的skillful; adept; dexterous aL_;`@4  
警觉的alert; watchful; on guard; wary of j<. <S {  
忍受bear; put up with; endure; stand 6Y0/i,d*  
证据evidence; facts; proof; grounds; testimony `XQx$I  
很容易地easily; with little problem; with little hindrance e["Z!D_H  
令人惊讶的amazing; astonishing; astounding @c.11nfn`  
生动的报导vivid description ~ $ cm9>  
争取compete for; try hard to win 5Ws:Ei{R  
遗产heritage; legacy; inheritance n?TO!5RZK  
保护protect; safeguard; preserve; shelter IqR[&T)lj  
了解understand; comprehend; catch the meaning of; catch on -ucz+{  
汇露reveal; make known; disclose {,nd_3"Vq  
放大amplify; magnify; enlarge %8bFQNd  
动力impetus; driving force; momentum $6 Q2)^LJ  
自满的complacent ^*$WZMMJ1  
第一流的first-rate; excellent .HH,l  
全处refuge; asylum; haven; sanctuary B=o#LL  
强调emphasize; stress; highlight [4V|UvKz  
短视的决定short-sighted decision VfJX<e=k  
真正的genuine; authentic; real @E&X &F%  
怪异的eccentric; peculiar; odd K4K3< Pg  
明显的distinct; clear; explicit; obvious ,=XS%g}l4  
得到…的注意capture one’s attention a8lo!e9q  
事事干涉的meddlesome; interfering N@%xLJF=N>  
背景setting; background Yp?a= R  
假的fake; false; counterfeit L@^ !(  
夸大报导dramatize n]6w)wE (  
退步setback IAt+S-q0  
古人the ancients rsq'6 0  
古老的old; ancient; archaeic ] BP^.N=  
逃犯infringe (on); violate `gA5P %  
使害怕intimidate; frighten `qYc#_ELv  
带来生气enliven Si%Eimiq  
对手rival $D2Ain1  
吸引人的intriguing @/ovdf{  
旁观者onlooker sov62wuqU  
准确地说to be exact; to be precise; precisely nu1w:  
突然醒悟it dawned on me that ./5MsHfbxt  
仔细思考之后after long deliberation; after careful thought 'E4(!H,k  
对比及其相关用词 N]<~NG:6b  
可互换的interchangeable oeU+?-y/b  
可与…相比is comparable with (to) (HP={MrV  
普遍的prevailing; common; prevalent p_kTLNZd9  
是一个对比is a sharp contrast to ?),K=E+=U  
比作is likened to; is compared to >=RHE@  
多样化的heterogeneous *TMM:w|1  
单一性的homogeneous [$Xu  
一般而言in general; generally speaking; by and large h hNFp  
满于现状be happy with what you are KTS7)2ci  
预测未来project into the future Bg 8t'dw?K  
另一个观点是… another way of looking at the matter is… M3xi 0/.  
不宜取笑… it is not decent to make fun of… wE=8jl*  
评估社会文化因素 assess (evaluate) sociocultural factors v(WL 3[y;  
那并非说… that does not mean that… s9)8{z  
那有这回事 there is no such thing as %>QSeX  
一个有待克服的困难是… a major hurdle for us to overcome is… ^<H#dkECG  
由…造成 caused by; attributable to; due to; resulting from m$e@<~To  
由…组成 is made up of…; is comprised of; consist 8C4@V[sm`  
必须从两方面考虑此问题this problem needs to be considered on two dimensions: 085 ^!AZ  
限制limit; restrict; refrain; restrain; keep within limits; confine; keep in check (4/`@;[  
一般人认为… conventional wisdom suggests that… 9HBx[2&  
这方法有陷阱the method had pitfalls: ;R-Q,aCM}  
说服convince; persuade; cause to believe 'J<zVD}0  
具体的specific; concrete; tangible p RfHbPV?  
刻意的intentional; on purpose; intended Mdq'> <ajL  
费时间去了解…take time to acquaint oneself with… 7 5cr!+  
…是此问题的核心 …is at the root of the issue &qj&WfrB,  
无法估计is beyond calculation; incalculable OjL"0imN6  
无资格的disqualified
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39楼  发表于: 2008-09-23   
好。
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