虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜疑、建议或与事实不符的假设等,而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语从句的特殊形式表示出来的。freekaobo将对2016考博英语语法虚拟语气做归纳和用法。 T(t+
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一、虚拟语气的常见类型和句型 /Y'Vh^9/T
(1)由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气 73xAG1D$r
A.用wish表示对现在的愿望时,它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为:过去式(be动词用were)。 T;,cN7>>O
B.用wish表示对将来的愿望时,它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为:would, could, might+ 动词原形。 _>|
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C.wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时,宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为:had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。 @7?#Y|`
The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it. #7MUJY+
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---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.” cUvz2TK
---“That’s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.” ~y/
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I wish that he weren’t so lazy. cUA7#1\T=
(2)had hoped引起的宾语从句中备用语动词形式为would+动词原形,表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。 Z@3i$8
His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but his son became an artist later. kP-3"ACG
(3)would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况,用过去完成时表示过去的情况,表示希望或婉转的责备。例如: ^R# E:3e
I’d rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。 C!fMW+C@
I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿可得太久。 y#q?A,C@n
I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。 Kjs.L!W
(4)It’s (high, about) time that 句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式,即动词要用过去式。 X4 A<[&F/
It’s time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown. 1+}{8D_F
It is high time that we put an end to this discussion.现在是我们该结束讲座的时候了。
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(5)as, 或者whether…or…谓语多用be的原形,引导让步虚拟从句,这种用法通常采用倒装结构: %k'!Iq+
Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they Christian, Islamivc, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on. :TJv=T'p'
The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.
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(6)由连接词in case, so that ,unless, lest ,for fear that引起的状语从句中,谓语动词要用虚拟形式,即should(might, would)+动词原形,例如: r\/9X}y4z
She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold. 她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。 oxz OA
The bad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself. joiL{
(7) if it were not for…与现在事实相反, if it had not been for与过去事实相反,两个都相当于but for: wid;8%m
If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have succeeded. TWQG591
(8) 虚拟语气用于as if(though)引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中,其动词形式与wish宾语从句的形式相同。例如:She often laughs spontaneously, and her good humor breaks out as brightly as if it were a part of the sunshine above.她常常发出发自内心的微笑,而且她那美好的情绪像天上一道明亮的阳光一样,常常流露出来。 X@K-^8
They talked as if they had been friends for years.他们交谈着,就好像他们是我年的老朋友一样。 cm&I* 0\
She looks as if she would cry.她看起来好像要哭了。 DX"xy
(9)其它各种句型, as though, suppose, had rather, supposing, if only等等 w*oQ["SL
If I were in a movie, then it would be about time that I buried my head in my hands for a cry. ?e,pN,4
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