一、主句单一原则 8ZKo_I\
任何一个句子中只可能有一个主句。 mXUGe:e8
做题时考生需要首先判断原题中已经给出的句子结构,如果已经有一个主句,那么就绝对不 OnF3l Cmu
能够再出现另一个主句,除非中间有连接词进行联系。 P4F3Dc
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例 1:--, work songs often exhibit the song culture of a people in a fundamental form. 9uer(}WKT
(A) They occur where they are 0\:(ageY?
(B) Occuring where >layJt
(C) Where they occur
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(D) Where do they occur PC[c/CoD
分析:空格后面是一个主句,(A)为带有从句的主句,空格后又是主句,有两个主句一定错。 Rhe Re
C 为地点状语从句,正确(劳动歌曲发生的地方)。 LNa $
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例 2: --Indiana, is in a rich farming and dairy area, it is primarily a diversified industrial center K)-m*#H&uw
(A) Fort Wayne RgGyoZ
(B) Although Fort Wayne Z0*ljT5|
(C) For wayne is in qR8u$2}NY
(D) Fort Wayne, in s7l;\XBy
分析:空格后有两个谓语动词但中间没有连接词,由此可知,最后一句话是一个主句,空格 Ma\Gb+>
处应该有从句引导词,四个选项中只有(B)中 although能引导从句,故选(B)。 >A<bBK#
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二、谓语动词专一原则 `d[1`P1i[
任何一个句子只可能存在一个谓语动词。 .-IkL|M
句子中不可能没有谓语动词,也不能多于一个谓语动词(除非中间存在连接词)。 $YXMI",tt<
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例 1:William Walker's mural, “Wall of Respect,” w,Lvt
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-----an outdoor wall in Chicago, deals with q-rB2
social issues. ~\cO"(y5:O
(A) covers -YjA+XP
(B) covers it H{AMZyV0/d
(C) which covers w~;I7:
(D) which it covers Q3 eM2i8Y
分析:空格后的 deals with 是谓语动词,A, B 是谓语形式, 和 deals with 之间没有连接词, =1u@7Bh
可先排除; D 中的 it 多余,因为在定语从句中 which 已经作了主语;C 构成正确的定语从句 I`w4Xrd
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例 2:In copper engravings and etchings, -----caused g1UGd
by the edges of the plate is clearly visible on ErT{(t7
the paper. $Y9jrR'w
(A) the impression is &%2*Wu;
(B) if the impression is Qf|U0
(C) impressions if)Y9:{r^
(D) the impression yCXrVN:`,
分析:题目中的 is 是谓语,A,B 中是谓语重复。C 为复数名词,与后面的谓语动词 is 的数 ~+H"
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不一致,故也排除。因此选择 D,caused.... 修饰 impression ZZj~GQL(S
三、平行结构 >z%Q>(F
技巧:如果填空题中空格的后面有 and, 或者 and 后面有空格,那么这道题目一定是考察平 9M /SH$Qy
行结构。 i,nm`Z>u
填空题中平行结构出现的形式是: 'i8U
A and B, z**hD2R
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A , B, and C 97,rE$bC
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例 1:The technique of recording, classifying, and-- XG@`ZJhU6
is known as accounting. S|zW^|YU
(A) an enterprise's transactions summary &(a(W22O
(B) the summarizing of an enterprise's PU {uE[
transactions u0RS)&
(C) transactions of an enterprise are \#rO!z
d
summarized P0i V<T4^
(D) summarizing the transactions of an M|[ZpM+
enterprise +-a&2J;J'
分析:空格的后面是 and, 一般考平行结构,空格处缺与前面 recording、classifying 并列的 }Z`(aDH
动名词。 t0#[#I1+
四个选项中只有(D)符合条件,故选(D)。 .la&P,j_L
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例 2:Louis T. Wright, a surgeon, developed #Rew [\$
ingenious orthopedic braces, --, and ;U`X 6d
supervised the first use of Aureomycin on r,N[ )@
human patients. a45ss7
(A) treating skull fractures that he pioneered in 1#
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(B) pioneered in treating skull fractures CkRX>)=py
(C) which pioneered in treating skull fractures t/Z:)4Z
(D) he was a pioneer in the treatment of skull >?YNW
fractures pl V7+?G
分析:空格后面是 and, 空格处缺少和 developed、supervised 平行的谓语动词,因此选择(B)。 15zrrU~D
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四、宾语从句结构 0+b0<
宾语从句的引导词在前面的主从复合句中已经提到。 S*)o)34U
这里指出的是填空题中关于宾语从句考的最多的两个结构: state(陈述,表明)+that n~Szf
indicate(指明,表明)+that GIv){[i
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例 1:The quantum theory states --, such as light, f]d!hz!
is given off and absorbed in tiny definite )9P&=
units called quanta or photons. ., :uZyG
(A) energy that d<@Mdo<;?g
(B) that it is energy L"rcv:QWZa
(C) it is energy V+w u
(D) that energy mjEs5XCC"
分析:空格前的谓语动词 states一般接关系连词 that 引导的宾语从句,故首先排除 C。空格 hteOh#0{
后已有谓语动词,空格不应再出现谓语动词,因此 D正确。 y67uH4&Vm
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例 2:Studies of the gravity field of the Earth k_3j
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indicate--yield when unusual weight is v_sm
placed on them. St>`p-
(A) although its crust and mantle 8mgQu]>
(B) its crust and mantle to (L|}`
(C) that its crust and mantle "E>t,
D
(D) for its crust and mantle to .^XHuN&
分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词 indicate 的宾语。(A)和(D)不能作宾语,可首先排除。(B) %yaG,;>U
使句子结构混乱、语义不清,因此选择(D),构成宾语从句。 7Qh_8M
五、介词+ which结构
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许多同学在选择 which还是介词+which 上总是不太明白,这里有一个技巧可以告诉大家。 j??tmo
“which”后面一定加一个缺主语或者宾语的句子, w &vhWq
因为“which”在这个句子中作了宾语或者主语成分。 \n@V-b
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“介词+ which”后面则跟一个完整的句子, b%nkIPA
因为”介词+which”整个结构在定语从句中作状语。 +t>XxYScx
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例 1:In the United States, a primary election is l^,qO3ES
a method ---- voters select the nominees a`38db(z
for public office. Q>IH``1*e
(A) that h]P/KVqR.
(B)by which C<t RU5|
(C)is that bp Ml =_
(D)by those Uk02IOX
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分析:空格前后都是句子,因此缺从句引导词或连接词,首先排除 C和 D。 .Qfnd#
A能够引导从句,但是根据题意,修饰 method 是不通的。 DoG%T(M!a9
B 是介词+which, 引导定语从句,(大选是一种方法,根据这个方法,选民怎么….); &
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正确 ?{j@6,
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例 2: Croquet is a popular lawn game ------ players hit wooden balls through wire arches called 1uC;$Aj6:
wickers. \kk!Dz*H
(A) when wDZ
(B) which *N
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(C) is when xDLMPo&
(D) in which }\4p3RQrz
分析:空格前后都是完整的句子,空格处缺定语从句引导词,由此首先排除(A)和(C)。 GY7s
但是到底是选择 B 还是D,则看从句,从句是完整的句子,那么一定选择 D, 关系代词 which k)i"tpw
前应该有介词。 7g-$oO
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六、in that结构 3/l\
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在表示“原因”概念的引导词中, shy
because of +名词, 7y;u} 1
consequently是副词 '5V^}/
而“in that”是原因状语的引导词。 )+*{Y$/U
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例 1:Mercury differs from other industrial metals fZ{&dslg
---- it is a liquid. 6I5o2i
(A) whereas &:q[-K@!
(B) in that
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(C) because of e"PMvQ
(D) consequently ||`qIElAW,
分析:空格前后都是完整的句子,空格处显然缺从句引导词。C、D不能引导从句,可以首 R|$[U
先排除。 0FTRm2(
根据题意,两个句子之间是因果关系而不是对比关系,故选(B)。in that 为复合连词,用来 l`G(O$ct
引导原因状语从句。 T6,V
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例 2:Hovercraft, or air-cushion vehicles, are unusual 6GY32\Ac
-- travel over land and water on a layer of air. U%h7h`=F?
(A)they `(!W s\
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(B)in they ot]>}[
(C)that they .r7D)xNa@
(D)in that they y{YXf!AS
分析:空格处缺从句引导词和从句主语。A 和 B 缺从句引导词,首先被排除。C 一般作宾 )-)ss"\+Ju
语从句或定语从句,而句中需要的是状语从句,故也排除。D中 in that为连词,引导表原因 y-%nJD$
的状语从句,符合题意(气垫船之所以不同,是因为……),故选 D。 DL
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这里我们再重申一下,如果选项中出现“介词+which”或者“in that”,那么首先考虑这个选项, KlY,NSlQ
如果后面使用的是完整的句子结构,那么这个选项就一定是答案。这种题目平时出现的不多, >'e
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但是要考的话一定就是重点。 mVa?aWpez
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例 3:Emily Dickinson's garden was a place ------ 7WgIhQ~
great inspiration for her poems. $Z,i|K;
(A) that she drew (B) by drawing her G(:s-x ig6
(C) from which she drew g[m3IJzq
(D) drawn from which $*YC7f
分析:首先看选项 C, “介词+which”, 而后面是 she drew great inspiration for her poems.是一个 wT
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完整句子,那么选项 C就是答案。 y>>vGU;
七、what结构 gTqeJWX9wP
what 结构在95.8 以后的新题中考的非常多,记住一点: P{"WlJ
what=the thing that (m<R0
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例 1:The chief foods eaten in any country depend 1P(%9
largely on ----- best in its climate and soil. \_lG#p|
(A) it grows \R6;Fef
(B) what grows F5<"ktnI
(C) does it grow -
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(D) what does it grow nw~/~eM5=
分析:空格前有 depend on 这个短语,四个选项都是句子,故可判断出空格处为宾语从句。 zY]Bu-S3
A和 C 没有从句引导词,故排除,(D)的语序有问题,从句不能用特殊疑问句的倒装形式, 6W)xj6<@
故(B)正确。 }V\P,ck
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例 2:During the eighteenth century, Little Turtle TrSN00
was chief of the Miami tribe whose territory \K
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became----is now Indiana and Ohio. :hC
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(A) there v(qV\:s}m
(B) where u&1j>`~qJ
(C) that UiJ^~rn
(D) what 9
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分析:空格处缺的词既要引导从句又要作从句主语。四个选项中只有 D符合条件。 K)yCrEZ
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八、同位语结构 wm); aWP
同位语考试形式一:名词作主语,主语同位语 mr:kn0
___, __ _, ___ (注意是两个逗号) xB?S#5G}
例 1:The tongue , -----, is an important aid in chewing :NwMb^>
and swallowing . %0
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(A) is the chief organ of taste ]I{qp~^#n
(B) tasting the organ chiefly Ov$N"
(C) the chief organ of taste S[W9G)KWp
(D) the organ chiefly tastes ^ 4u3Q
分析:空格处显然缺定语或同位语。句中已有谓语动词 is, 故先排除 A和 D。(B)不合题意, J{nyo1A
故也可排除。(C)是名词短语,适合作主语的同位语,使句子完整,句意正确,故选(C)。 /3)YWFZZc
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同位语考试形式二:名词作主语,后面的名词是主语同位语,解释说明后面的名词 )'BJ4[aq\
___, ___ (注意是一个逗号) MZUF! B
例 2:A prolific writer of prose and verse, ----of % j[O&[s}
Native Americans in her novel, Century of !.;xt L
Dishonor. ~pd1)
(A) Helen Hunt Jackson took up the cause {Y3_I\H8{
(B) the cause taken up by Helen Hunt Jackson 3bg4# c
(C) was Helen Hunt Jackson's cause 0[Xt,~
(D) the cause that Helen Hunt Jackson took up. %nDPM? aO
分析:空格前为名词短语,空格后为介词短语,空格处明显缺主语和谓语动词。根据空格前 YLA557~
名词短语的意思判断,主语应该是人名而不是指物的名词,故选(A)。 "oE^R?m
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例 3:Often very annoying weeds ,-----and act as f_re"d 3u
hosts to many insect pests. -!C
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(A) that crowd out less hardy plants than jm#d7@~4
goldenrods fG8}= xH_&
(B) crowding out less hardy plants by goldenrods !^>LOH>j
(C) the goldenrod's crowding out of less hardy Kc JP^
plants bMqu5G_q
(D) goldenrods crowd out less hardy plants "W_jdE6v
分析:空格后面是 and, 句中缺少与 and 并列的谓语动词。A只有从句没有主句; B,C分别是 RS||KA])J
分词和名词短语, 无法与动词 act 并列; D 包含主语的同位语 goldenrods和谓语动词 crowd。 s%L"
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同位语考试形式三:主谓宾后面出现一个名词,那么名词可以作宾语或者表语的同位语 {0A[v}X ~
例 4:An Olympic marathon is 26 miles and 385 u'$yYzBE
yards, approximately ---- from Marathon to x;ICV%g/
Athens. DmXDg7y7s
(A) the distance is X>6~{3
(B) that the distance is z~}StCH(
(C) is that the distance 7?Qt2tr
(D) the distance h-2E
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分析:逗号前为完整的句子,后面如果再接句子一定要有连接词或者从句引导词。A、B、 '&pf
C 均为主谓结构,但都没有从句引导词,故排除。D是名词短语作表语同位语,故选(D)。 ^O$[Y9~*
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九、比较结构 ^7~SS2t!
比较结构中要注意两点:1、倒装性;2、对称性 <PfPh~
例 1:Western Nebraska generally receives less I(?|Ox9"?
snow than --eastern Nebraska. WnJLX ^;
(A) does #)PGQ)(
(B) in i"sYf9,
(C) it does in S,`S
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(D) in it does ltr;pc*)
分析:than引导比较状语从句,空格后面是个专有名词,肯定是比较从句的主语,空格处明显缺从句的谓语动词,只有(A)符合条件,故选(A)。注意 than eastern Nebraska does 是 *(\;}JF-
正确的语序,但是原文中使用了倒装;在比较结构的后面部分中,如果比较从句的主语长, St7D.|
谓语动词短,动词可放到主语前面进行到装。 <SC|A|
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例 2: Hot objects emit----- do cold objects. QzFv
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(A) rays more than infrared r;%zGF p
(B) rays are more infrared than /H;kYx
(C) more than infrared rays E?m#S
(D) more infrared rays than }%>$}4 ,
分析:emit 为及物动词,空格处缺宾语和引导比较从句的 than, 只有(D)符合条件。注意 X,!OWz:[
空格后为倒装形式,do代替 emit 以避免重复。此题为常考的句子结构。 #Rm=Em}d
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比较结构中还需要注意相互比较的必须属于同一种事物 kkE)zF
例 3:The activities of the international marketing bhm~Ii
researcher are frequently much broader than ----. S~a:1
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(A) the domestic marketer has Ay"2W%([`
(B) the domestic marketer does ,~N+?k_
(C) those of the domestic marketer 0Li'a{n 2
(D) that which has the domestic marketer c7nk~K[6
分析:本题还是考查比较句,由于谓语动词是系动词 are, 故先排除与其不对应的以 has 和 Lq
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does 结尾的(A)和(B)。选项 D则语义不清,也可排除。C 中 those 代替前面提到的 activities pXT$Y8M
以避免重复,those 一定要具备,因为只有这样才能满足比较的都是 activities,谓语动词 are %}]4Nsd e
因与主句谓语动词相同而被省略,因此 C 为正确答案。 -Ib+ /'
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例 4:The annual worth of Utah's manufacturing ]BQWA
is greater than --. p|9ECdU>;
(A) that of its mining and farming combined E=_B@VJknW
(B) mining and farming combination >->xhlL*
(C) that mining and farming combined *sIG&
(D) of its combination mining and farming +uiH0iGS
分析:本题为比较句,一般来说,比较的双方应属于同一类事物。句中主语显然是比较的一 $?A Uk
方,而空格处应是与之相对应的另一方。(B)、(C)、(D)均无法与 the annual worth相对应, }Ka.bZS
故可以排除。(A)中代词 that 代替 the annual worth, 是英语中常见的避免重复的用法,故 `~+a=Q
选(A)。 QGz3id6
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