医学考博词汇不仅在医学考博英语中会用到,平时大家写论文时也经常需要熟悉其含义,freekaobo将各类医学考博英语常用词汇进行分类,希望考生们平日多累积记忆。 sva-Sd8
一、肺 Lung ~C3J-z<
清晰 clear Yakrsi/jV}
肺门阴影增大 enlargement of hilar shadows y |i(~
肺纹理增粗 increase of lung markings u~VXe
钙化灶 calcified Hyenn
空洞 cavitation eD3\>Y.z
球形病灶 circular lesion (coin lesion) YMy**
小块阴影区 a minimal area of density iQ1[60?)T
散状的点(片)状阴影 scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows VC_F
Cz
边界不清的片状阴影 a poorly defined patchy density 8kr$w$=q
圆形致密影 a round density b6H7>x
胸膜增厚 pleural thickening XR p60i6f
肋膈角模糊(变钝、消失)haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle 2^75|Q
横膈抬高、活动受限 elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement Tr4\ `a-i
包裹性胸腔积液 encapsulated pleural effusion n5efHJU
液气胸 hydropneumothorax ^|vP").aQm
纵膈移位 mediastinal displacement 44t;#6p@%>
肺门模糊 hilar haze lp5'-Jo
肺门密度增高 increase of pulmonary hilar density O'xp" e,
肺淤血(栓塞) pulmonary venous stasis (infarction) U#sv.r/L}3
阴影性状 shadow 7l09
淡的 haziness d_f*'M2Gv
云雾状 clouding AAuwE&Gg
线装 streaky =Lb(N61
絮状 patcky BT
^=p
结节状 nodular UF\k0oLz
块状 massive V?>&9D"m
粟粒状 miliary <VQ@I
融合状 confluent NXz/1ut%
均匀的 homogeneous gx eu2HG
二、心脏 Heart :uqEGnEut
左(右)房(室)增大 left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement Jy[rA<x$
主动脉屈曲延长 a tortuous and prolonged aorta $]W*;MTI}
主动脉型(二尖瓣型)心脏 “aortic type”(“mitral valve”) heart jROh3kq
肺动脉段突出 bulging pulmonary artery segment ^vzXT>t-M
肺动脉扩张 a dilatation of the pulmonary artery jaVx9FR+
心影普遍增大 general enlargement of the heart shadow :xO43z
左(右)心室增大 left(right) ventricular enlargement :RYYjmG5;
左(右)心房增大 left(right) atrial dilatation &N3a`Ua
靴形心脏 boot-shaped heart Wcl =YB
%
主动脉钙化 calcification of aorta uKJo5%>
心腰部 waist of heart $bBUL C
垂位(狭长形;无力形;横位;斜位)心 vertical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart M:d|M|'
三、腹部平片 KUB film P8w56
结石 calculus YluvWHWi
钙化影 calcified shadow Y[m*
阶梯型液平 fluid levels with stepladder pattern N[DKA1Ei
液气平面 gas-fluid level @ kba^z
膈下游离气体 subphrenic free air 46|LIc
}
四、胃肠道钡剂检查 barium enema examination h^w# I
胃肠造影 gastroenterography BHNJH
双重对比造影 double contrast radiography MRK3Cey} %
食管蠕动征 esophageal peristalsis sign *Ct
^jU7
十二指肠曲(压迹)duodenal flexure(impression) a+9_sUq
小肠黏膜皱襞影 mucosal fold shadow of small intestine wLg
@BSC.
结肠蠕动与排空征 peristalsis and empting signs of colon q'Y)Y(d
胃排空时间延长 delayed gastric emptying time Cs,t:ajP
胃空腹潴留液 fasting retention of stomach Q%V530
P;
充盈缺损 filling defect wNh\pWA
黏膜皱襞消失 disappearance of the mucosal folds 'X_%m~}N
张力减低(增高)hypotonicity (hypertonicity) x51xY$M
球部激惹现象 irritable cap 4]%MrSjS
蠕动增强 vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis) Rp}Sm,w(
蠕动减弱 bradydiastalsis Xupwh5
G2
蠕动消失 aperistalsis Dkg-y9
排空加快(减缓) accelerated(reduced) evacuation Z22#lF\ N
跳跃现象 skipping phenomenon iTCY $)J
黏膜增宽和迂曲 broadened and tortuous mucosal fold ^c){N-G
黏膜皱襞平坦 flat mucosal fold 1t#|MH
?U_
五、胆道 bile tract =Zaw>p*H
口服胆囊造影 oral cholecystography ;PMy9H
静脉胆管胆囊造影 intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography &>}f\ch/
经T形管胆囊造影 trans-T-tube cholecystography ovvg"/>L
经皮肝穿刺胆管造影 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) ]; B`'Ia
胆总管扩张dilated common duct #ePtfRzJ
胆囊浓缩功能良好 gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily AUr~b3< 6
胆囊显影不好,浓缩功能差 gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately difAQ<`
收缩功能 contractibility QnIF{TS=
六、骨骼skeleton GVM)-Dp]
骨皮质增厚 cortical thickening of bone }eLth0d`'o
洋葱皮样改变 “onion skin” appearance H4ancmy
骨膜反应 periosteal reaction e:n3@T,R
骨质疏松 osteoporosis (rarefaction) @$o^(my
骨化 ossification y,$zSPJCi
畸形 deformity z'k@$@:0XD
缩短 shortening :b(Nrj&TQ[
移位 displacement z?C&,mv
脱位 luxation l}9E0^AS
半脱位 subluxation ">Y(0^^
连接不正 malunion p9*Ak
U&]
青枝骨折 greenstick fracture EN@<z;
多发性骨折 multiple fracture .^[{~#Pc*
病理性骨折 pathological fracture `4t*H>:y
关节间隙 joint space $1bzsB|^
椎间隙 intervertebral space }r;#|=HR
肋软骨钙化影 calcification shadow of costal cartilage ~JDVoS;>jU
骨质软化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis) ,V ) |A=ml
骨质增生硬化 hyperostosis osteosclerosis kaNK@a=e|/
死骨 sequestrum C+aL8_(R
骨质坏死 bone necrosis =_vW7-H
关节肿胀(破坏;退行)swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint 3;wOA4ur
关节强直 ankyloses @[hD;xO
骨骺分离 epiphyseal separation ge$ p/
对线良好 good alignment ~_|ZUb
对位良好 good apposition .=/TT|eMS
七、泌尿系统 urological system !2]'S=Y
静脉肾盂造影 intravenous pyelography (IVP)
sf'+;
逆行肾盂造影 retrograde pyelography oNIt<T
萎缩 atrophy kZ<"hsh,Y'
移位 deformity g I@I.=y
扭曲 distortion 1YvE/<6
充盈缺损 filling defect ZRj&k9D^U
狭窄 stricture ,g{Ob{qT
不透光的(透光的)结石 opaque(translucent) stone j@Y'>3
八、X线检查位置 ^;.&=3N,+
前后位 anteroposterior projection 50NLguE
后前位 postero-anterior(PA) projection ]O+W+h{]
侧位 lateral projection ) 0|X];sD
立位 upright position H{VJS Jc{
斜位 oblique projection ,p9
>/)l
右(左)前斜位 right(left) anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection C=<PYkt,L
前后斜位 anteroposterior oblique projection H.*aVb$
前凸位 lordotic position projection 9]PMti
轴位 axial position Y3?)*kz%
头位 cranial projection &W$s-qf".
尾位 caudal projection @$!rgLyL[