医学考博词汇不仅在医学考博英语中会用到,平时大家写论文时也经常需要熟悉其含义,freekaobo将各类医学考博英语常用词汇进行分类,希望考生们平日多累积记忆。 TAJ 9Y<
一、肺 Lung M!6bf
清晰 clear Sdt2D
肺门阴影增大 enlargement of hilar shadows lB\j>.c
肺纹理增粗 increase of lung markings LveqG
钙化灶 calcified :U[_V4?7
空洞 cavitation C X'E+
球形病灶 circular lesion (coin lesion) 01q7n`o#zf
小块阴影区 a minimal area of density "RX
?"pB
散状的点(片)状阴影 scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows x!.VWG tb
边界不清的片状阴影 a poorly defined patchy density hJ4.:
圆形致密影 a round density ze\~-0ks+
胸膜增厚 pleural thickening |95/'a*
肋膈角模糊(变钝、消失)haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle 246lFxG.
横膈抬高、活动受限 elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement Oc'z?6axWv
包裹性胸腔积液 encapsulated pleural effusion o%9>elOju
液气胸 hydropneumothorax S+>]8ZY
纵膈移位 mediastinal displacement |f}NO~CA
肺门模糊 hilar haze RK3/!C`
肺门密度增高 increase of pulmonary hilar density coFg69\^
肺淤血(栓塞) pulmonary venous stasis (infarction) x[^A
9
阴影性状 shadow ry]7$MQyV
淡的 haziness S'JeA>L
云雾状 clouding G-^ccdT
线装 streaky _TXV{<E6
絮状 patcky `
U3
结节状 nodular CzEn_ZMb
块状 massive +r!h* 4
粟粒状 miliary MH Yf8HN
融合状 confluent $B?7u@>,
均匀的 homogeneous RZtL<2.@
二、心脏 Heart
ck~xj0
左(右)房(室)增大 left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement ^Q,/C8qeb
主动脉屈曲延长 a tortuous and prolonged aorta uRy6~'
主动脉型(二尖瓣型)心脏 “aortic type”(“mitral valve”) heart ggTjd"|)
肺动脉段突出 bulging pulmonary artery segment .am*d|&+G
肺动脉扩张 a dilatation of the pulmonary artery feW9>f;
心影普遍增大 general enlargement of the heart shadow bN&da
[K
左(右)心室增大 left(right) ventricular enlargement nu<!/O
左(右)心房增大 left(right) atrial dilatation _D4}[`
靴形心脏 boot-shaped heart z.^
)r
主动脉钙化 calcification of aorta 4"{wga~%/
心腰部 waist of heart \8D~,$,``|
垂位(狭长形;无力形;横位;斜位)心 vertical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart ~\G3l,4
三、腹部平片 KUB film xH[yIfHkG@
结石 calculus \^4$}@*]
钙化影 calcified shadow <Y2!c,"
阶梯型液平 fluid levels with stepladder pattern <6~;-ZQY
液气平面 gas-fluid level Z5[:Zf?h7J
膈下游离气体 subphrenic free air j2M(W/_
四、胃肠道钡剂检查 barium enema examination Ohag%<1#
胃肠造影 gastroenterography hFfaaB
双重对比造影 double contrast radiography >pvg0Fh
食管蠕动征 esophageal peristalsis sign Zwns|23n
十二指肠曲(压迹)duodenal flexure(impression) n^02@Aw
小肠黏膜皱襞影 mucosal fold shadow of small intestine Z|%2495\
结肠蠕动与排空征 peristalsis and empting signs of colon [Mc5N
胃排空时间延长 delayed gastric emptying time J6ShIPc
胃空腹潴留液 fasting retention of stomach MjC%6%HI
充盈缺损 filling defect <SZO-
-+lB
黏膜皱襞消失 disappearance of the mucosal folds 4"x;XVNM[
张力减低(增高)hypotonicity (hypertonicity) (v:ek_
球部激惹现象 irritable cap qjzW9yV+
蠕动增强 vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis) Q5n :f+
蠕动减弱 bradydiastalsis So.P @CCd
蠕动消失 aperistalsis "nno)~)u
排空加快(减缓) accelerated(reduced) evacuation !gfhEzY
跳跃现象 skipping phenomenon {WeXURp&nF
黏膜增宽和迂曲 broadened and tortuous mucosal fold s[@>uP
黏膜皱襞平坦 flat mucosal fold A=d$ir
K[
五、胆道 bile tract )2Ru!l#
口服胆囊造影 oral cholecystography
$YY)g$
静脉胆管胆囊造影 intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography 'Sy *'&
经T形管胆囊造影 trans-T-tube cholecystography #x@lZ! Y
经皮肝穿刺胆管造影 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) 2qMsa>~
胆总管扩张dilated common duct 8{SU?MHQLE
胆囊浓缩功能良好 gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily D *I;|.=u
胆囊显影不好,浓缩功能差 gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately cgxFEv
收缩功能 contractibility |EV\a[
六、骨骼skeleton #lsh N,CPm
骨皮质增厚 cortical thickening of bone oXlxPN39
洋葱皮样改变 “onion skin” appearance fCf#zV[
骨膜反应 periosteal reaction h<'5q&y
骨质疏松 osteoporosis (rarefaction) -j
tC>_/
骨化 ossification -N8cjr4l
畸形 deformity B5,QJ W*
缩短 shortening #>m,
Cm
移位 displacement `o8{qU,*]N
脱位 luxation
n~)HfY
半脱位 subluxation s'aV q B
连接不正 malunion YP#AB]2\}
青枝骨折 greenstick fracture mk%"G =w
多发性骨折 multiple fracture Ur([L&
病理性骨折 pathological fracture Go\} A:|s
关节间隙 joint space $TA6S+
椎间隙 intervertebral space jxnQG A
肋软骨钙化影 calcification shadow of costal cartilage ~i }+P71
骨质软化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis) nRXSW&V"m
骨质增生硬化 hyperostosis osteosclerosis Le`/
死骨 sequestrum k)5_1 y
骨质坏死 bone necrosis h-La'}>?
关节肿胀(破坏;退行)swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint vNz;#Je
关节强直 ankyloses O J35En
骨骺分离 epiphyseal separation I>H;o{X#
对线良好 good alignment ?{"XrQw
对位良好 good apposition P^8^1-b
七、泌尿系统 urological system b$?Xn {Y
静脉肾盂造影 intravenous pyelography (IVP) b$v[@"1
逆行肾盂造影 retrograde pyelography lk[G;=K:.
萎缩 atrophy A \MfF
移位 deformity aJ6#=G61l
扭曲 distortion cXk6e.Uz
充盈缺损 filling defect C{UF~
狭窄 stricture X(GmiH /E
不透光的(透光的)结石 opaque(translucent) stone (!ZQ
八、X线检查位置 <H5n>3#pH
前后位 anteroposterior projection !Tn0M;
后前位 postero-anterior(PA) projection
mW~i
c
侧位 lateral projection =PNdP
立位 upright position Yzj%{fkh
斜位 oblique projection =5y`(0 I`U
右(左)前斜位 right(left) anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection G;(onJz
前后斜位 anteroposterior oblique projection 8W~
lU~-
前凸位 lordotic position projection !}>eo2$r^
轴位 axial position 8yE!7$Mj
头位 cranial projection :O9P(X*
尾位 caudal projection r0F_;