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主题 : 考博英语翻译八种翻译法
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楼主  发表于: 2016-09-02   

考博英语翻译八种翻译法

 ▶重译法 kAEq +{h  
  在考博英语翻译中,有时为了忠实于原文,不得不重复某些词语,否则就不能忠实表达原文的意思。重译法有如下三大作用:一是为了明确;二是为了强调;三是为了生动。 Z >`\$1CI  
  We have advocated the principle of peaceful coexistence, which is now  growing more and more popular among the nations of Asia and Africa. Hnt*,C.0  
  译文:___________________________________________________ T>asH  
  ▶增译法 ' {2]:  
  为了使译文忠实地表达原文的意思与风格并使译文合乎表达习惯,必须增加一些词语。 {d[Nc,AMb  
  A new kind aircraft-small, cheap, pilotless -is attracting increasing  attention. sg7h&<Xx  
  译文:___________________________________________________ h}@wPP{  
  ▶减译法 gF p3=s0~  
  和其他一切事物一样,翻译也是有增必有减。理解了增译法之后也就明白了减译法,它是增译法的反面。 a5#G48'X  
  These developing countries cover vast territories, encompass a large population and abound in natural resources. |s! _;6  
  译文:___________________________________________________ qt@/  
  ▶词类转译法 L-w3A:jk  
  在翻译时,由于两种语言在语法和习惯表达上的差异,在保证原文意思不变的情况下,译文必须改变词类,这就是词类转译法,这种方法不仅指词类的改变,而且还包括词类作用的改变和一定词序的变化。 tG$O [f@U6  
  (1)a.→v. 2%WeB/)9  
  The manager is grateful to the customers for their valuable suggestions. gttsxOgktH  
  译文:___________________________________________________ :o!Kz`J  
  (2)n.→a. Acw`ytV  
  In all this great serenity of ocean it is seldom that we espy so much as another ship. {*O%A  
  译文:___________________________________________________ vSnVq>-q&  
  还有其它词类转移的情况,这里将不再一一赘述,总之,词类转移要遵守忠实与通顺的原则。 u9f^wn  
  ▶词序调整法 06&;GW!-  
  词序调整法的英语inversion一词,不能译成“倒译”、“倒译法”或“颠倒词序”之类,否则容易和语法中的“倒装”概念相混淆。inversion作为一种翻译技巧,其意思为:翻译时对词序作必要或必不可少的改变,并不只是纯粹的颠倒词序或倒装。 h&j2mv(  
  It was a keen disappointment that I had to postpone the visit which I had intended to pay to China in January. dnLjcHFj&  
  译文:___________________________________________________ s@{82}f~  
  ▶正义反译,反义正译 w3(G!:  
  negation在语法与翻译两个不同学科中含义不尽相同。作为一种翻译技巧,它主要指在翻译实践中,为了使译文忠实而合乎语言习惯地传达原文的意思,有时必须把原文中的肯定说法变成译文中的否定说法,或把原文中的否定说法变成译文中的肯定说法。 vE )N6Ss  
  (1) 需要正义反译的词和短语有:deny“否决,否定→不给予”;miss“错过→没赶上(交通工具);没听(看到)或没听(看懂)”;live up to one’s expectations“不(没)辜负……的希望”;divert attention from“将注意力从……移开→没有意识到”;be absent“未出席;没来”;far from“远非;完全不”;final“最终的→不可改变的”;idly“漫不经心地;无所事事地”;be at a loss “不知所措”;rather than/instead of“而不是”;absent-minded“心不在焉的”;but for“要不是;如果没有”等。 l{7}3Am6  
  The scientists made a solemn pledge at the conference, saying, “We’ll forever live up to what our Party expects of us.” G{: B'08  
  译文:___________________________________________________ YxM\qy {Vr  
  (2)需要反义正译的词汇是含有no或not的一些短语,如:no less than“实在是;正如;不少于”;no less…than“和……一样;不亚于”;no other than“只有;正是”;none other than(用以加强语气)“正是;恰恰是;不是别人,正是……”;nothing but“只有(是);只不过”;no choice but“别无选择只(好)得”;以及一些带有词缀的词,如:unfold“展开;呈现”;disappear“消失;失踪”;carelessly“马马虎虎地;粗心地”等。 iO* 5ClB  
  From the passage we learn that an invention will not benefit the inventor unless it is reduced to commercial practice. dQIF '==6  
  译文:____________________________________________________ \YzKEYx+  
  ▶分译法 bQ>wyA+G&E  
  分译法主要用于长句的翻译。为了使译文忠实、易懂,有时不得不把一个长句译成两句或更多的句子。这是分译法的主要内容,此处所谓的句子不在于结尾处用句号,而在于有无主谓结构,一般说来,含有一个主谓结构的语言部分就是一个句子。这种句子大是含有定语从句的句子,在英汉互译时,尤其在英译汉中,如能将定语从句译成前置定语,则尽量避免其他译法;如译成前置定语不合适,一般是分译成另外一个独立的句子或另一种从句,如译成状语从句等。 F8?,}5j  
  It is obvious that his period in office was marked by steep rise in his country’s oil revenues and the beginning of a social-political crisis brought out by wide-scale misuse of the $25 billion a year earning from oil. n@+?tYk*e  
  译文:_____________________________________________________ g5|&6+t.  
  ▶语态变换法 7=N%$]DKZ  
  这里所说的语态是指主动语态和被动语态,这两种语态在英汉两种语言中的使用情况是很不相同的,被动语态的使用是科技文章的主要特点之一,其用法十分广泛。在汉语中,我们可用“被、让、把、遭、换、使、由、受到,为……所”等词来表示被动。但在汉语中的被动语态使用频率比英文要低得多。因此,在遇到被动语态时,应遵循汉语的习惯,如译成被动语态不通,则译成主动语态。 PJZ;wqTD_  
  (1)保留其被动语 }K 'A/]'  
  Goodyear, an American, had been trying for years to find a way in which rubber could be made hard, non-sticky, and yet elastic. a&G{3#l  
  译文:_____________________________________________________ R7rM$|n=o  
  (2)将被动改为主动 PV,Z@qm@^  
  ① 翻译成汉语的无主语,如果被动句不含by的话。 dsw^$R}   
  If bad weather is expected, the forecaster must be able to suggest another airport within the range of the aircraft where the weather will be suitable for landing. s7yKx g+`{  
  译文:_____________________________________________________ fwt+$`n  
  ②将that引导的主语从句仍然译为宾语,但要加上表泛指的词语(如人们、大家、我们等)做主语。如: !7\dr )  
  It is hoped that… h :bx0:O"  
  It is reported that… fZf>>mu@r'  
  It is said that… X$==J St  
  It is supposed that… VJ-t #q"  
  It must be admitted that… <9>L^GgXA  
  It must be pointed out that… H9jlp.F  
  It is asserted that… 5(#z)T  
  It is believed that… ]uhG&: }  
  It is well known that… GjEV]hqR  
  It will be said that… S".|j$  
  It will be seen from this that… R5b,/>^'A  
  It was told that… ):G+*3yb  
  I was told that… +xIVlH9`Q  
  It may be said… d KPXs-5  
  It may be argued that… R{brf6,  
  注意:如果被动结构既有过去分词又有by(或in, for)引导的介词短语,这时将动作的发出者译成主语。如:It is imagined by many that… 0o7o;eN  
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