SCI 不会写?其实英语基础好一点，文献多看一点，多写写自然就能自己写出来了。当然，你肯定会说英语真的好难，好吧，就知道你们懒得学英语了。给你们整理了一套万能模板，涵盖了论文不同部分的常用句型。 D:.^]o[
请搬好板凳前排就坐，收好资料。 Of: e 6N
摘要：描述观点的重要性 =E
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1. One of the most significant current discussions in legal and moral philosophy is ...... 4I,@aj46
2. It is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the ..... M5P63=1 +
3. X is the leading cause of death in western industrialised countries. w(mn@Qc
4. X is a common disorder characterised by ...... %\ 5y6
5. Xs are one of the most widely used groups of antibacterial agents and ...... cl)MI,/>
6. Xs are the most potent anti-infammatory agents known. u6 B (f;
7. X is an important component in the climate system, and plays a key role in Y. urtcSq&H'
8. In the new global economy, X has become a central issue for ...... >8>. o[Q&
9. In the history of development economics, X has been thought of as a key factor in ....... ^z )lEO
10. The issue of X has received considerable critical attention. )Hev -C"
11. X is a major public health problem, and the cause of about 4% of the global burden of disease. n,V`Y'v)
12. X is an increasingly important area in applied linguistics. 13. Central to the entire discipline of X is the concept of ....... 14. X is at the heart of our understanding of ...... QP\vN|r
摘要：强调该研究领域的一个重要问题 tgrQ
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1. However, these rapid changes are having a serious effect ...... $xloB
2. However, a major problem with this kind of application is ...... YW/<. 0rI
3. Lack of X has existed as a health problem for many years. U *6-Y %7
4. Despite its safety and efficacy, X suffers from several major drawbacks: Ulktd^A \
5. However, research has consistently shown that first year students have notattained an adequate understanding of ......There is increasing concern that some Xs are being disadvantaged ...... =Oo*7|Z
6. Despite its long clinical success, X has a number of problems in use. JaIj 9KLNX
7. Questions have been raised about the safety of prolonged use of ...... ytAhhwN~
描述方法：描述不同的方法 v $ pA Rt
1. To date various methods have been developed and introduced to measure X: d628@~ Ekn
2. In most recent studies, X is measured in four different ways. kWoy%?|RRa
3. Radiographic techniques are the main non-invasive method used to determine .... Nwu#,f=X
4. Different authors have measured X in a variety of ways. uO":\<1#
5. Previous studies have based their criteria for selection on ...... h\.UUC&<
6. A variety of methods are used to assess X. Each has its advantages and drawbacks. +;*])N%q
7. Data were gathered from multiple sources at various time points during the 2007–2008 academic year. PE4{;|a }
解释为何采用一个特殊的方法 KNK0w 5
1. The semi-structured approach was chosen because ...... $s
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2. Smith et al (1994) identify several advantages of the case study, ....... %!eK"DKG^
3. It was decided that the best method to adopt for this investigation was to ...... Y
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4. A case study approach was chosen to allow a ...... _ H @pYMNH
5. The design of the questionnaires was based on ...... jMw ;`yh
6. The X method is one of the more practical ways of ...... Gt 2rJ<>
7. It was considered that quantitative measures would usefully supplement and extend the qualitative analysis. 3w^q 0/ GD
8. Many of the distributions were not normal so non-parametric signed rank tests were run.
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9. The X approach has a number of attractive features: ...... $jw!Dr E
讨论：背景信息 <:%Iq13D
1. A strong relationship between X and Y has been reported in the literature.
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2. Prior studies that have noted the importance of ...... xy| ;WB
3. In reviewing the literature, no data was found on the association between X and Y. IAtc^'l#
4. As mentioned in the literature review, ...... x^C,xP[#Y;
5. Very little was found in the literature on the question of ..... )@Bt[mfrVD
6. This study set out with the aim of assessing the importance of X in ...... k_y@vW3
7. The third question in this research was ...... ETtK%%F0
8. It was hypothesized that participants with a history of ...... TuX#;!p6
9. The present study was designed to determine the effect of ...... ) W
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讨论：陈述结果 jo"[$%0`
1. The results of this study show/indicate that ....... vKI, |UD&-
2. This experiment did not detect any evidence for ...... i5)trSM|
3. On the question of X, this study found that ...... +\}]`uS:
4. The current study found that ...... .j;My%)?p
5. The most interesting finding was that ...... n JLr]` _
6. Another important finding was that ..... 2o/ AH \=2
7. The results of this study did not show that ....../did not show any @YT=
-
8. significant increase in ...... 6}| /~n
9. In the current study, comparing X with Y showed that the mean degree of ...... Fl|u0SY
10. In this study, Xs were found to cause ..... K` U\+AE
11.X provided the largest set of significant clusters of ...... qOk 4qbl[
12. It is interesting to note that in all seven cases of this study...... IG#=}q
结论：概括内容 x.4 5! 8Zb
1. This paper has given an account of and the reasons for the widespread use of X ...... 5M*ZZ+ YX
2. This essay has argued that X is the best instrument to ...... }TYC F @
3. This assignment has explained the central importance of X in Y. F.T~txQ~u
4. This dissertation has investigated ...... Ebp8})P/~
结论：重申研究目的 A$^}zP'u0<
1. This study set out to determine ...... _c %~\LOk
2. The present study was designed to determine the effect of ....... U);
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3. In this investigation, the aim was to assess ...... ef| Y2<P
4. The purpose of the current study was to determine ...... gS"@P:wYzs
5. This project was undertaken to design ...... and evaluate ..... N8m^h: b
6. Returning to the hypothesis/question posed at the beginning of this study, it is now possible to state that ..... (o e;p a
参考文献：相关文献概览
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1. A considerable amount of literature has been published on X. These studies ...... {uw'7 d/
2. There is a large volume of published studies describing the role of ...... NB16 O !r
3. The first serious discussions and analyses of X emerged during the 1970s with ...... VEz&TPu
4. The generalisability of much published research on this issue is problematic. OPKm^}
5. What we know about X is largely based upon empirical studies that investigate how ...... ~~k IA"U
6. During the past 30 years much more information has become available on ...... >.M
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7. In recent years, there has been an increasing amount of literature on ....... ^hZwm8G
8. A large and growing body of literature has investigated ...... GDOaZ i
参考文献：以往研究或学术活动相关文献 [0_Kz"|
1. Many historians have argued that ...... (eg. Jones, 1987; Johnson, 1990; Smith, 1994) 9}3W0F;
2. Numerous studies have attempted to explain ..... (for example, Smith , 1996; Kelly, 1998; Johnson, 2002) 1!=$3]l0Lj
3. Recent evidence suggests that ....... (Smith, 1996; Jones 1999; Johnson, 2001) Sgr<z d'b
4. Recently, in vitro studies have shown that T.thermophylus EFTu can ...... (Patel et al., 1997;Jones et al., 1998). y
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5. Surveys such as that conducted by Smith (1988) have shown that ...... (<1DPpy95O
6. Several attempts have been made to ....... (Smith, 1996; Jones 1999; Johnson, 2001) 12cfqIo9
7. Several studies have revealed that it is not just X that acts on ...... (Smith, 1996; Jones ....... /\Q {i#
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8. Several biographies of Harris have been published. Smith presents an ........ account, whilst Jones .....
h2,A cM
9. Several studies investigating X have been carried out on ...... IK}T. *[
10. Data from several sources have identified the increased morbidity and mortality associated with obesity m,=
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11. Previous studies have reported ...... (Smith, 1985; Jones, 1987; Johnson, 1992). (U-p&q>z
12. Previous research findings into X have been inconsistent and contradictory (Smith, 1996; Jones 1999, ...... V+D "_
13. A number of studies have found that ...... (Smith , 2003; Jones, 2004). W*8 D@a0 _
14. Twenty cohort study analyses have examined the relationship between ....... _+^3<MT
15. At least 152 case-control studies worldwide have examined the relationship between...... 6x -PGq
16. Other studies have considered the relationship ...... ~ |!q>z
17. The relationship between X and Y has been widely investigated (Smith, 1985; Jones, 1987, ....... FeCQGT
18. The causes of X have been widely investigated (Jones, 1987; Johnson, 1990; Smith, 1994). vtr:{
19. The geology of X has been addressed in several smallscale investigations and ....... SxQ|1: i%
20. Xs have been identified as major contributing factors for the decline of many species (1). oNiS"\t
21. X has also been shown to reverse the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids in murine- induced arthritis (11). %/U Q0d~b
22. It has been suggested that levels of X are independent of the size of the Y (Smith et al., 1995) It has conclusively been shown that X and Y increase Z (Smith et al., 1999; Jones, 2001 ...... 9:BGA/?
23. It has been demonstrated that a high intake of X results in damage to ...... (Smith, 1998; ...... A"9aEOX-?i
文章重点：当前理论存在的问题、局限性 2c+q~8Jv
1. One question that needs to be asked, however, is whether ...... |y=CmNG ,
2. A serious weakness with this argument, however, is that ...... vTB*J,6.
3. One of the limitations with this explanation is that it does not explain why...4. One criticism of much of the literature on X is that ...... H ) (K
5. The key problem with this explanation is that ...... d2(eX \56Z
6. The existing accounts fail to resolve the contradiction between X and Y. i%\nJs*
7. However, there is an inconsistency with this argument. 29Gej Lg |
8. Smith's argument relies too heavily on qualitative analysis of ...... 0@xuxm/i
9. It seems that Jones' understanding of the X framework is questionable. Smith's interpretation overlooks much of the historical research ...... pp
{%\td
10. One major criticism of Smith's work is that ..... 4P` \fz
11. Many writers have challenged Jones' claim on the grounds that ....... t+h"Y iT
12. X's analysis does not take account of ..... nor does he examine ...... 1B WuFYB
文章重点：研究方法存在的问题、局限性 qi/%&)GZ
1. Another problem with this approach is that it fails to take X into account. _abVX#5<
2. Perhaps the most serious disadvantage of this method is that ..... v}cm-_*v
3. Difficulties arise, however, when an attempt is made to implement the policy. NS&~n^ *k<
4. Nevertheless, the strategy has not escaped criticism from governments, agencies and academics. 1,pg:=N 9
5. One major drawback of this approach is that ...... cBm3|@7
6. The main limitation of biosynthetic incorporation, however, is ...... -(1e!5_-@
7. However, this method of analysis has a number of limitations. -7+Fb^"L
8. However, approaches of this kind carry with them various well known limitations. } B]FHpi
9. All the studies reviewed so far, however, suffer from the fact that ....... ^Jkj /n'
10. However, there are limits to how far the idea of/concept of X can be taken. xt`znNN
11. However, such explanations tend to overlook the fact that...... Ni0lj:
12. However, one of the problems with the instrument the researchers used to measure X was ...... p=r{ODw#3
描述实验方法：强调一个特殊的方法 | _S9U|
1. Article references were searched further for additional relevant publications. Articles were searched from January 1965 until April 2008. As>po +T*
2. Publications were only included if ....... * }2o
\h6Q
3. X was prepared according to the procedure used by Patel et al. (1957). 2.:b
4. The synthesis of X was done according to the procedure of Smith (1973). B! -
W765Y
5. X was synthesised using the same method that was detailed for Y, using ...... 2C-Ro Z~
6. This compound was prepared by adapting the procedure used by Zhao et al. (1990). LpF6e9V\Wp
7. For this study the X was used to explore the subsurface ...... 8 zY )0
8. An alternative method for making scales homogenous is by using ..... ? j OpW1
描述实验方法：描述样品的特性 i>w>UA*t
1. The initial sample consisted of 200 students of whom 13 did not complete all of the interviews X0C\87xfG
2. All studies described as using some sort of X procedure were included in the analysis. "<.b=mN-
3. A systematic literature review was conducted of studies that ..... yBr{nFOgdY
4. All of the participants were aged between 18 and 19 at the beginning of the study..... Nd6N:1 -
5. Two groups of subjects were interviewed, namely X and Y. The first group were ...... \zoJr)
6. A random sample of patients with ...... was recruited from ....... }- +;{u
7. Forty-seven students studying X were recruited for this study. %R _8`4IQ
8. The students were divided into two groups based on their performance on ...... 5N[ Y2
9. The project used a convenience sample of 32 first year modern languages students. Ao]F_hZ
10. Just over half the sample (53%) was female, of whom 69% were ...... e~}+.B0
11. Participants were recruited from 15 clinics across ......, covering urban and rural areas ...... ?s
_q|d_
12. Eligibility criteria required individuals to have received .... f.8L<<5 c
13. Five individuals were excluded form the study on the basis of .... kPxrI=
14. Eligible women who matched the selection criteria were identified by ...... Z> &PM06
15. Semi structured interviews were conducted with 17 male offenders with a mean age of 38 years qI'a|p4fn?
16. A comparison group of 12 male subjects without any history of X was drawn from a pool of ....... @cXY"hP`
描述实验过程：目的不明确 lOE bh
1. In order to identify the T10 and T11 spinous processes, the subjects were asked to ...... ( d~'H{q
2. In order to understand how X regulates Y, a series of transfections was performed. RZz] .
Nx
3. To enable the subjects to see the computer screen clearly, the laptop was configured with ...... 2Hq!YsJ4]
4. To see if the two methods gave the same measurement, the data was plotted and ...... c[;I\g
5. To control for bias, measurements were carried out by another person. !WIL|\jbh
6. To measure X, a question asking ...... was used. &XZ>}^lD^
7. To determine whether ......, KG-1 cells were incubated for ...... XFX:) l#o
8. To establish whether ......, fNlU
c
9. To increase the reliability of measures, each X was tested twice with a 4-min break between ....... ]V9\4#I4
10. To compare the scores three weeks after initial screening, a global ANOVA F-test was used The vials were capped with ..... to prevent volatisation. fY6&PuDf.
11. In an attempt to make each interviewee feel as comfortable as possible, the interviewer ...... Uh7kB`2
描述实验过程：其他描绘实验过程的句型 q=
tDMK'h
1. For the purpose of height measurement, subjects were asked to stand ..... 9EH%[wfv
2. For the purpose of analysis, 2 segments were extracted from each ...... LOOv8'%O8
3. For the estimation of protein concentration, 100 μL of protein sample was mixed with ...... j0 OxR.S
文献简介 Karyipn}
1. Recently investigators have examined the effects of X on Y. E.BMm/WH
2. In the past two decades a number of researchers have sought to determine ...... %RJW @~!
3. Previous studies have reported ...... B,A/
-B\
4. A considerable amount of literature has been published on X. These studies ...... MbJV)*Q
5. Smith (1984: 217) shows how, in the past, research into X was mainly concerned with ....... 19lx;^b
6. Surveys such as that conducted by Smith (1988) showed that ...... }t-{, 0
7. The first serious discussions and analyses of X emerged during the 1970s with ...... iaR'):TD
8. Recent evidence suggests that ....... ` zTVup&
9. Several attemps have been made to ...... w1.KRe{M
10. A number of researchers have reported ...... |D<~a(0
11. Xs were reported in the first models of Y (e.g., Smith, 1977; Smith, & Patel, 1977). '\\J95*`
12. What we know about X is largely based upon empirical studies that investigate how ...... Studies of X show the importance of ..... qUVV374N
强调研究领域存在的问题 ^
6obxwVG
1. However, these rapid changes are having a serious effect ...... x 2 tx{Z
2. However, a major problem with this kind of application is ...... iHR?]]RF
3. Lack of X has existed as a health problem for many years.Despite its safety and efficacy, X suffers from several major drawbacks: qf'uXH
4. However, research has consistently shown that first year students have not attained an adequate understanding of ...... 6W$k^<S
5. There is increasing concern that some Xs are being disadvantaged ...... 2"2b\b}my
6. Despite its long clinical success, X has a number of problems in use. m 'a3}vRV(
7. Questions have been raised about the safety of prolonged use of ...... /#.6IV(
强调研究领域存在的争议 j'v2m 6/
1. To date there has been little agreement on what ...... A]W` r}
2. More recently, literature has emerged that offers contradictory findings about ..... Xd{"+'29
3. One observer has already drawn attention to the paradox in ...... $Y>LUZ)b&8
4. In many Xs a debate is taking place between Ys and Zs concerning ...... yfi.<G) S
5. The controversy about scientific evidence for X has raged unabated for over a century. cn Q(
G$kh
6. Debate continues about the best strategies for the management of ...... \-c70v63X
7. This concept has recently been challenged by ....... studies demonstrating ....... :Oy9`vv
强调研究领域的知识差距 Ey 4GyA l
1. So far, however, there has been little discussion about ...... 8 \%*4L'
2. Little is known about X and it is not clear what factors ....... :+en8^r%
3. However, far too little attention has been paid to ...... U%"v7G-
4. In addition, no research has been found that surveyed ....... c:4 i&|n
5. So far this method has only been applied to ...... :+Y+5:U]
6. This indicates a need to understand the various perceptions of poverty that exist among ...... 0o c5ahp
7.However, the evidence for this relationship is inconclusive ...... p
0R)Yc+;
8.What is not yet clear is the impact of X on ...... MejM(o_kk
9.The neurobiological basis of this X is poorly understood. e=Kf<ZQt
10. However, much uncertainty still exists about the relation between ...... FG'F]f c%
11. Until recently, there has been no reliable evidence that ...... .kyp5CD}4
12. However, there have been no controlled studies which compare differences in ...... w}X <]u
13. Several studies have produced estimates of X (Smith, 2002; Jones, 2003), but there is still insufficient data for ..... FUi
EayM
14. No previous study has investigated X 4 ZSc'9e9
15. Although extensive research has been carried out on ...., no single study exists which .... .. 6X KiVP;h%
强调前人研究的不足之处 Jvgx+{Xu
1. Most studies in the field of X have only focussed on ...... o
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2. Most studies in X have only been carried out in a small number of areas.
*FmY4w
3. The generalisability of much published research on this issue is problematic. ^FIpkhw
4. The experimental data are rather controversial, and there is no general agreement about ...... 2mRm.e9?
5. Such expositions are unsatisfactory because they ..... R %aed>zo
6. However, few writers have been able to draw on any structured research into the opinions and attitudes of ...... .SAOE'Foo
7. The research to date has tended to focus on X rather than Y. W; P8=q
8. The existing accounts fail to resolve the contradiction between X and Y. :6:;Z
qn
9. Researchers have not treated X in much detail. O3 x9S,1i
10. Previous studies of X have not dealt with ...... qk PvE;"
11. Half of the studies evaluated failed to specify whether ...... (
kCzz-_\
12. However, much of the research up to now has been descriptive in nature .... .hPk}B/KV
13. Although extensive research has been carried out on X, no single study exists which adequately covers ...... 8eGq.+5G
14. However, these results were based upon data from over 30 years ago and it is unclear if these differences still persist. ae_Y?g+3
15. X's analysis does not take account of ..... nor does he examine ...... 4L) #ku$jW
重申研究目的 d< j+a1&
1. Part of the aim of this project is to develop software that is compatible with X operating system. @{n"/6t
2. The main purpose of this study is to develop an understanding of ...... __LR!F]=i
3. There are two primary aims of this study: 1. To investigate ...... 2. To ascertain ...... X\sO eb:]
4. The aim of this research project has therefore been to try and establish what ...... VC~1QPC9
5. The aim of this study is to investigate the differences between ...... w=JO $7
6. The main aim of this investigation is to assess the doses and risks associated with ...... ?V&# nA
7. This thesis intends to determine the extent to which ...... and whether ..... nM#/uuRl|
8. This thesis will examine the way in which the ....... @ @uKOFA?
9. This research examines the emerging role of X in the context of ...... .=G ?Zd
10. This dissertation seeks to explain the development of ....... u]0{#wu;g
11. This case study seeks to examine the changing nature of ..... Z #uxa
12. Drawing upon two stands of research into X, this study attempts to ...... HV2 1=W
13. The aim of ths study is to shine new light on these debates through an examination of ...... =2XAQiUR\
14. The major objective of this study was to investigate ...... }ZqnsLu[)
15. One purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which these factors were ...... T&'p5h=l
16. The objectives of this research are to determine ...... OKi}aQ2R*
17. This study therefore set out to assess the effect of management by ......, and the effect of ...... {
gT4Oq__
18. This study systematically reviews the data for......, aiming to provide clarity surrounding the role of ..... pgUp1goAU
研究问题/假设 wHuz~y6
1. The central question in this dissertation asks how ...... BFnp[93N
2. In particular, this dissertation will examine six main research questions: .o#A(3&n
3. The hypothesis that will be tested is that ...... Z X0 #I W
4. The key research question of this study was thus whether or not ...... CXiDe)|<E
5. This study aimed to address the following research questions: h[ cq a
6. Another question is whether ...... u7nTk' #r
介绍方法、数据的来源 4
++
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1. This dissertation follows a case-study design, with in-depth analysis of ...... 2. This study was exploratory and interpretative in nature. dkW V/DAm
3. The approach to empirical research adopted for this study was one of a qualitative, semi- structured interview methodology. &v)/mc7D
4. By employing qualitative modes of enquiry, I attempt to illuminate the ...... x1`4hB
This work takes the form of a case-study of the ...... w !_6*
5. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used in this investigation. u u $Jwn!S
6. Qualitative and quantitative research designs were adopted to provide both descriptive, interpretive and empirical data. #J'V,_ wH
7. A holistc approach is utilised, integrating literary, numanistic and archeological material to establish ...... yz7Fe
8. The research data in this thesis is drawn from four main sources: ..... Og-v][
9. The study was conducted in the form of a survey, with data being gathered via ....... hs
Ak7KC
10. Five works will be examined, all of which ..... .^xQtnq
表明局限性 y9Pw'4R
1. Due to practical constraints, this paper cannot provide a comprehensive review of ...... It is beyond the scope of this study to examine the .......The reader should bear in mind that the study is based on a small sample of ...... J?Bj=b
2. Another potential problem is that the scope of my thesis may be too broad. A full discussion of X lies beyond the scope of this study. $Sgq 7
概况研究框架 bx%Ky0Z
1. The overall structure of the study takes the form of six chapters, including this introductory chapter. zDf96eK
2. My thesis is composed of four themed chapters. Z&|Dp*Z
3. Chapter Two begins by laying out the theoretical dimensions of the research, and looks at how ...... G){A&F
4. The third chapter is concerned with the methodology used for this study. tISb' ^T
5. The fourth section presents the findings of the research, focusing on the three key themes that have been identified in analysis. s|][p|
6. Chapter 6 analyses the results of interviews and focus group discussions undertaken during the course of this research, ...... (qw;-A
W8
7. The final chapter draws upon the entire thesis, tying up the various theoretical and empirical strands in order to ...... eIj2(q9
8. Finally, the conclusion gives a brief summary and critique of the findings, l0PXU)>C
9. ......and includes a discussion of the implication of the findings to future research into this area. /b]+RXvxj
10. ...... Finally, areas for further research are identified. |JiN;
O+K
解释关键术语 4N)45@jk[
1. While a variety of definitions of the term X have been suggested, this dissertation will use the definition first suggested by Smith (1968) who saw it as ....... )}J
}d)
2. Throughout this paper the term X will refer to/will be used to refer to ....... =, 64Qbau
3. In this dissertation the acronym/abbreviation XYZ will be used. V#+M lN
4. According to ...... (2000) X can be defined as follows; " X is one of ...... "
%_(^BZd
5. The term X is a relatively new name for ...... commonly referred to as .... J u"/#@
