一、动词形 %xQ'i4`
主要包括两类错误:动词的时态和语态错误,以及主、谓不一致的错误。 }BL7P-km
例如: j&Xx{ 4v
My favourite sport is football. I was member of our school football team. (is) rKFnivGT
Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. (are) CxJ3u
上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念,注意短文内容发生或存在的时间,保持时间概念的一致性。 JsuI&v
二、名词数 /BQqg08@L
指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。 >$-YNZA
例如:…so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject. (subjects) q165S
三、区分形和副 |:x,|>/
及区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。 ~OR^
例如: P:vp/x!
I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (wonderful) U$+,|\9
Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunately) gC iM\Qx
需要注意的是,形容词多用来做定、表、补语等,而副词只能在句子中作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的wonderful作定语修饰time,第二句的Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。 vyJ8"
#]qY
四、非谓动词细辨别 $cJ fdE
这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误,也包括不定式类错误。 e`LkCy[_
例如: /VufL+q1
…in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interested) ry=8Oq&[~
Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also … (playing) H&p:
My parents love me… and will do all they can ∧ make sure… (to) A/UO cl+N
上述二、三例分别是动名词作主语,和不定式作目的状语。一般的,现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义,而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义,不定式有将来时态的含义。 !y/e
Fx
五、习惯用法要记住 Y`eF9Im,
主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识,其错误表现形式主要有三种:多词、少词和搭配错误。 u%yYLpaKf
例如: Xa#.GrH6
It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and… (of) cb0rkmO
We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves. (of) !m9hL>5vR
六、句子成分多分析 00dY?d{[D
不同的句子成分要用不同的词类;不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析,才能找出用词不当的错误。 a)=|{QR>W
例如: kBrA ?
They ∧eager to know everything about China and… (were) IO
0n
T
I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (which) myN2G?>;
第一例漏掉了谓语动词were,这是受寒于习惯的影响而导致的错误;第二例则是词类与它在句子中的成分不相符,where是副词,不能作主语。 rCczQ71W
七、逻辑错误须关注 |? fAe{*
与句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴,人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误,常是这类错误的考查对象。 N'&>bO?@`
例如: oA~0"}eS
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (their) r*$f^T!|
First, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉more) E# 8|h(
… no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead. (everyone) .$W}
上述第一例中的主语是Smiths(史密斯夫妇俩),因此后面的his不合逻辑。第二例中的more在这儿表“再”的意思,才开始告诉别人,怎么能说“再告诉你一些事”?第三例讲的是为了解决看电视时的争端,“我们”把电视机卖了;晚上没电视看了,所以与从前一样,大家又都读书了,所以该用everyone。 6|f8DX%3V
除了上述错误类型外,常考的错误形式还有:连词but, and, or和so的用法错误(可以归类为逻辑错误),以及冠词的用法错误等。例如: YLA(hg|
She was smiling but nodding at me. (and) ftPhE)i
It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. (or) pKj:)6t"
We may be one family and live under a same roof. (the) Y%eW6Y#