一、动词形 d8 Jf3Mo
主要包括两类错误:动词的时态和语态错误,以及主、谓不一致的错误。 aMHC+R1X
例如: 3>MILEY^
My favourite sport is football. I was member of our school football team. (is) @b., pwZF
Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. (are) ,:'JJZg@
上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念,注意短文内容发生或存在的时间,保持时间概念的一致性。 /hVwrt(
二、名词数 2T(+VeMQ=
指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。 jgPUR#)
例如:…so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject. (subjects) Oi^cs=}
三、区分形和副 1HAnOy0
及区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。 0QfDg DX
例如: gdqBT]j
I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (wonderful) BaIuOZ@,
Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunately) c[ 0`8s!
需要注意的是,形容词多用来做定、表、补语等,而副词只能在句子中作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的wonderful作定语修饰time,第二句的Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。 &)||~
四、非谓动词细辨别 %t!S 7UD
这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误,也包括不定式类错误。 YtWw)IK
例如: OQ
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…in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interested) OyK#Rm2A=
Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also … (playing) ]sVWQj
My parents love me… and will do all they can ∧ make sure… (to) aTeW#:m
上述二、三例分别是动名词作主语,和不定式作目的状语。一般的,现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义,而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义,不定式有将来时态的含义。 X?< L<:.
五、习惯用法要记住 Lq;iR
主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识,其错误表现形式主要有三种:多词、少词和搭配错误。 ,t wB" *
例如: ^_P?EJ,)`
It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and… (of) z;<~j=lP
We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves. (of) PO6yEr
六、句子成分多分析 <? !'
不同的句子成分要用不同的词类;不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析,才能找出用词不当的错误。 =l*
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例如:
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They ∧eager to know everything about China and… (were) o'(BL:8s
I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (which) ['pO=ho
第一例漏掉了谓语动词were,这是受寒于习惯的影响而导致的错误;第二例则是词类与它在句子中的成分不相符,where是副词,不能作主语。 UXpp1/d|e
七、逻辑错误须关注 ;sAGTq
与句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴,人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误,常是这类错误的考查对象。 dc1Zh
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例如: J!5b~8`v
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (their) `
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First, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉more) DQXcf*R
… no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead. (everyone) GQ@mQ=i
上述第一例中的主语是Smiths(史密斯夫妇俩),因此后面的his不合逻辑。第二例中的more在这儿表“再”的意思,才开始告诉别人,怎么能说“再告诉你一些事”?第三例讲的是为了解决看电视时的争端,“我们”把电视机卖了;晚上没电视看了,所以与从前一样,大家又都读书了,所以该用everyone。 >8OY6wb
除了上述错误类型外,常考的错误形式还有:连词but, and, or和so的用法错误(可以归类为逻辑错误),以及冠词的用法错误等。例如: y1PyH
She was smiling but nodding at me. (and) =G^'wwpv(
It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. (or) WR"1d\m:
We may be one family and live under a same roof. (the) N5sVRL"7