2016年清华考博英语真题 20}HTV {v
一、单选（40题，0.5分/题，共20分） 8 -<F4^i_i
1--20 近义词 [3X\"x5@V
21--40 填空 X 2V+cre
二、完型（20题，0.5分/题，共10分） 9JdJn>
以下是拼凑的中文版，网上没找到英文原版。 {H/%2
英国有种迷信说法是不能在梯子下走过，这样会很不吉利。 k<1i.rh
黑猫作为一个不吉利的凶兆在不少国家都是有人相信的，因为黑猫总和巫术联系在一起。那为什么有的地方黑猫会象征好运呢?英国部分人相信黑猫从你身边走过象征好运，可能是因为象征厄运的黑猫从你身边走过什么都没做，所以坏运气就这样过去了，好运气就要来了的原因。 L]MWdD
英国人认为13是一个不吉利的数字，特别是13号又是星期五时，人们更是要处处谨慎。 !Q"L )%)'A
尽管英国的差天气，常常需要备一把伞，但是，千万不要在屋内打伞，因为，在英国，这种行为被认为会给主人带来霉运。 ?jR# txR
许多英国人认为敲木头可以避免坏运气并带来好运气。特别是在过早预计完美的结果或下结论时，人们不愿见到事与愿为的结果。因此在觉着哪些话说出不妥时，就马上敲一下木头。例如：“我的身体非常健康，从来都不生病。”话一说完马上先敲两下桌子并马上说：“Touch wood"。 x:-NTW
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英国人认为，打碎镜子将会给当事人带来长达7年的霉运。这是因为古人认为镜子是神使用的工具，也有人说因为镜子可以预见未来。 h2'6W)
三、阅读（4篇文章，5题/篇，2分/题，共40分） d*|RF
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第一篇：有关水产的养殖 WdOxwsq"
第二篇：忘了 %ap]\o$^4
第三篇：摩天大楼与环境 !BVCuuM>w
In the late 1960's, many people in NorthAmerica turned their attention to environmental problems, and newsteel-and-glass skyscrapers were widely criticized. Ecologists pointed out thata cluster of tall buildings in a city often overburdens public transportationand parking lot capacities. -n 7 @r
Skyscrapers are also lavish consumers andwasters of electric power. In one recent year, the addition of 17 millionsquare feet of skyscraper office space in New York City raised the peak dailydemand for electricity by 120,000 kilowatts—enough to supply the entire city ofAlbany, fDDpR=
New York, for a day. ovN3.0tAI
Glass-walled skyscrapers can be especiallywasteful. The heat loss(or gain) through a wall of half-inch plate glass ismore than ten times that through a typical masonry wall filled with insulationboard. To lessen the strain on heating and air-conditioning equipment, buildersof skyscrapers have begun to use double-glazed panels of glass I and reflectiveglasses coated with silver or gold mirror films that reduce glare as well asheat gain. However, mirror-walled skyscrapers raise the temperature of thesurrounding air and affect neighboring buildings. |"K%Tv xe
Skyscrapers put a severe strain on a city'ssanitation(卫生) facilities, too. Iffully occupied, the two(former) World Trade Center towers in New York Citywould alone generate 2.25 million gallons of raw sewage(污物) each year—as much as acity the size of Stamford, Connecticut, which has a population of more than109,000. Skyscrapers also interfere with television reception, block birdflyways, and obstruct air traffic. In Boston in the late 1960's some peopleeven feared that shadows from skyscrapers would kill the grass. +7%?p"gEY\
Still, people continue to build skyscrapersfor all the reasons that they always have to build them—personal ambition,civic pride, and the desire of owners to have the largest possible amount ofrentable space. _1?u AQ3,
第四篇：演讲的重要性和各种用途，不可替代 ~U w<e~
四、翻译 KGOhoiR9:C
“When you open thewindow, both fresh air and flies come in,” said Deng Xiaoping, describing thegood and bad consequences of the opening of China’s economy. Most people seeeconomic growth and rising incomes as desirable, but they have theirdisadvantages. Families break apart, as young people move to the cities. Jobsbecome more insecure if the labour market is liberalised. Rising inequality mayupset even those who are becoming richer. Small wonder, perhaps, that thesatisfaction ordinary Chinese expressed with their lot fell at the start of theeconomic boom sparked by Deng’s reforms, before rising again as growthaccelerated. So, at any rate, concluded a study published in 2012 by RichardEasterlin of the University of Southern California and colleagues. (^W}uDPCB
Mr Easterlin is best known for a hotlycontested paper published in 1974, which argued that rising incomes do not makepeople happier. Ever since, in spite of the obvious benefits, economists havedebated whether getting richer is all it’s cracked up to be. The mostcomprehensive study, published in 2012, looked at a range of countries overtime, and concluded that there is a positive relationship between income growthand satisfaction. q5r7 KYH{
One way to answer questions about causalityis to look at evidence from randomised trials. Lotteries randomly allocateextra wealth, and so could serve as a focus of study, but in most countries onlya small proportion of people buy tickets. The behaviour of those having aflutter may not be typical of people in general, skewing the results. .=YV
（来源：December 21, 2015From the economist print edition） +F NGRL
五、作文（20分，200字） >e;jGk?-
根据以下内容写一篇不少于200字的文章。（2016.1.13 Chinadaily 外交部新闻发言人洪磊的答记者问） Xj]9/? B?
Q: Japanese Chief Cabinet SecretaryYoshihide Suga told the press on January 12 that if a foreign naval vesseltransits Japanese waters for purposes other than "innocent passage",they will order a naval patrol to deal with it. Some Japanese media believe thatthis is a new policy by the Japanese government to cope with Chinese navalvessels sailing near Diaoyu Dao. What is your comment? 问：据报道，日本内阁官房长官菅义伟在12日的记者会上称，将对进入日本领海不符合“无害通过”的外国军舰采取海上警备应对行动。有日本媒体认为，这是日政府制定的应对中国军舰进入钓鱼岛的新方针。中方有何评论？ I+Fy)=DO9
A: I have made our position clearyesterday. The Chinese side has the right to carry out normal navigation andpatrol in territorial waters of Diaoyu Dao. We advise the Japanese side not totake any provocative actions and ratchet up tension. Otherwise, they will faceall the consequences. 答：昨天我已就此表明了立场。中方有权在钓鱼岛领海正常航行和开展巡逻活动。我们奉劝日方不要采取任何挑衅或导致事态升级的行动。否则，一切后果自负。 S8q g"YR
