让步状语从句 #'`{Qv0,
Q>z8IlJ}
h";L
1.定义 #'}*dy/
\;Weizq5
L~3Pm%{@A
让步状语从句(Adverbial Clause of Concession),属于状语从句中的一种。一般翻译为“尽管……”或“即使……”等,就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说…”的感觉。 6S#Cl>v
'"s@enD0 y
z$sGv19pB
二、分类 1Y,Z
%d
5)40/cBe
eO1lnO|
让步状语从句的引导词主要有: x)&\z}
q3`u1S7Z7
nk:)j:fr
① though/although,表示“虽然,即使,纵然”。 二者都可与yet, still或never, the less连用,但不能与but连用。 |W^IlqTH
G~m<;
/L3:
² although语气较重,大多位于句首 ,,r>,Xq6
lhJ'bYI
?7A>+EY
例如:Although I was only six, I can remember seeing it on TV. Hr C+Yjp
6\t@)=C,Q
|j|rS
5
虽然当时我只有6岁,我还能记得在电视上看见过它。 UF|p';oom
.\mj4*?/
wuBPfb
² though引导的让步状语从句可以把表语,状语,动词等提至句首。 MK*r+xfSae
TqQ[_RKg2
p<%d2@lp
例如:Boy though he is, he likes to play with girls. Y0>
@vTUX
EX"yxZ~
/kG_*>.Z
他虽是个男孩,却喜欢和女孩玩。 IGgL7^MF
VN.Je:Ju
b2*TgnRq
② even if/even though,表示的语气更强,意为“再退一步说” X-/]IHDN
m[2gdJK
tX[WH\(xI
² even if强调对“假设”的让步,不能用来描述已经发生的事实;even though更强调对“既成事实”的让步。 F[MFx^sT{
{
)Xy%QV
4z)]@:`}z
例如:We’ll make a trip even if the weather is bad. "jCu6Rj d
3gzXbP,
7:~_D7n
即使天气不好,我们也要去旅行。 (even if引导让步状语从句,对“假设”让步) 5R7DDJk
[Qr"cR^
tp|d*7^i
We made a trip even though the weather was bad. 2qp#N%
!9x}
-qoH,4w
尽管天气不好,我们还是作了一次旅行。(even though引导让步状语从句,强调对“既成事实”的让步) V8(-
ce(#2o&`
N21smC}
③ as表示“虽然……但是……”,“纵然……” GthYzd:'hJ
4+ig'
|o
EK'!}OGCG
² as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现,具体变法是把从句中作状语或者表语的“名词/动词/形容词/副词/动词(分词)”提到句首,形成倒装结构。 v0y(58Rz.
r*Xuj=
SAz
例如:King as he is, he is unhappy. }\LQ3y"[
Debv4Gr;^
/O9EQ Pm(
尽管他是国王,但他并不快乐。(名词+as+主语+动词) E.f%H(b
W8<%[-r
d'2A,B~_*
Successful as she is, she is not proud. `{Ul!
ctUp=po
#Dac~>a'
尽管她很成功,但她并不骄傲。(动词+as+主语+动词) N;gfbh]
K%d&E
YoW]
U6VKMxSJ
Much as I would like to stay, I really must go home. 4m)n+ll
[!z,lY>
Q20%"&Xp]
尽管我想留下来,但我确实必须回家。(副词+as+主语+动词) Y0>y8U
V
% `3jL7|
a
=QCp4^
④ whether...or.../ whether...or not表示“不论是否……”“不管是……还是……” yjAL\U7`T
#F#%`Rv1
v1[29t<I!
例如:You've got to go to school, whether you like it or not. 7Wno':w8
putrSSL}
c:0L+OF}xY
不管你喜欢不喜欢,你得上学。 6pzSp
] @'!lhLi
$k?>DP4
You will have to attend the ceremony whether you are free or busy. P%6~&woF
xmG<]WF>E
liZxBs
:%i
不管你有空还是忙,你都得参加这个典礼。 R@0R`Zs
Jvi#)
*fdTpXa
⑤ while表示“尽管”,语气比although/though弱,通常位于句首 Gq6*SaTk
<[phnU^
8
GmG5[?)
² while引导让步状语时,如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同,那么从句的主语和谓语动词be可以省略 9z0p5)]n>
|zU-KGO&
nNm`Hfi
例如:While he was feel uncomfortable, he still persevered. <GJbmRc|
cR{#V1Z
5\v3;;A[
=While feel uncomfortable, he still persevered. ;`Z{7'^U
FlQGgVN
>usL*b0%
虽然他感到不舒服,但他还是坚持下来了。 LscGTs,
9$Y=orpWxr
~>G^=0LT
⑥ wh-ever类词/no matter+wh-词,表示“无论怎样” UBs4K*h|
5^cCY'I
;|RTx
² wh-ever类词引导让步状语从句时可以换成no matter+wh-词,但是引导名词性从句时只能用wh-ever类词 -/4P3SG/
}b}m3i1
x38QD;MT
例如:Whatever you did,I will accept. IgzQr >
Zfw,7am/
5(2;|I,T
= No matter what you did,I will accept. >~f]_puT
dQvcXl]
:3PH8
TL
不管你做了什么,我都接受。 yauvXosX
"4Nt\WQ
h;Kx!5)y
2.考博真题 ;a/E42eN;
x^ni1=kU
R_KH"`q
[No matter what you buy, shoes, pants, or big-ticket items such as JV and VCR], [if you find some problems with them or simply do not like them any longer], you can return them within 30days.(安徽大学2015年阅读) "Q<MS'a
wzA$'+Mb
OI*H,Z"
这是一个主从复合句。 .}t
e>]A*
GdwVtqbX
l}
/F*
原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下: |pK!S
wY#E?,
3]>| i
主句:you can return them within 30days ]d]]'Hk
8}[).d160
dG{A~Z z
【译文】您可以在30天内退货 r$1Qf}J3=
ok[i<zl;'
.8R@2c`}Cs
分句一:No matter what you buy, shoes, pants, or big-ticket items such as JV and VCR #R"*c
hLV
xAr\gu
f 2.HF@
类型:让步状语从句;引导词:No matter what BLttb
G2D$aSh
E.TAbD&5(
【译文】无论你买什么,鞋子,裤子,或者像JV和VCR这样的大件物品 &HW9Jn
+R &gqja
*T/']t
分句二:if you find some problems with them or simply do not like them any longer +2{Lh7Ks
3$ pX
%Zi} MPx
类型:条件状语从句;引导词:if nKY6[|!#
;`&kZi60Hz
,prf;|e?
【译文】如果你发现它们有些问题,或者根本不喜欢它们了 Ytkv!]"
xpt:BBo
(HVGlw'`
其他修饰成分:shoes, pants, or big-ticket items such as JV and VCR作插入语。 C _Dn{
;TYBx24vD'
_b 0&!l<
【全句译文】:无论你买什么,鞋子,裤子,或者像JV和VCR这样的大件物品,如果你发现它们有问题或者只是不再喜欢它们,你可以在30天内退货。 UNYqft4
]G\}k
r@V!,k#S
[While more recent theories on the matter suggest (that there is more overlap among these stages) and (that different environments affect children’s progress)], Piaget’s theory was nonetheless extremely important to initial studies of cognitive development.(云南大学2012年翻译) !g[Zfo2r"
*w&e\i|7
wM
n
i
这是一个主从复合句。 4 KiY6)
F5<Hm_\:
LV Ge]
lD
原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下: tw;}jh
[JiH\+XLPs
-RwE%cr
主句:Piaget’s theory was nonetheless extremely important to initial studies of cognitive development. :;}P*T*PU
W\3X=@|u)
nlP;nl W
【译文】尽管如此,皮亚杰的理论对认知发展的初步研究还是极其重要的。 lA]8&+,ZM
kP:!/g
<~)P7~$d?p
分句一:While more recent theories on the matter suggest… Y2AJ+
|
.('SW\u-
us-L]S+lm
类型:让步状语从句;引导词:while Sjqpec8
teRTu
N~Jda
o
【译文】而最近更多关于这个问题的理论表明…… A.SvA Yn
2/?|&[
#a#F,ZT
分句二:that there is more overlap among these stages
2y4bwi
5pX6t
itz,mrP
类型:宾语从句;引导词:that dysS9a,
5P2K5,o|n~
cAw/I@jG
【译文】这些阶段有更多的重叠 [^iN}Lz
203s^K61
5xiEPh
分句三:that different environments affect children’s progress !
nx{
X
?ub35NLa
5P bW[
类型:宾语从句;引导词:that [),ige
F|8&
X}]-*T|a
【译文】不同的环境会影响儿童的进步 WH\d| 1)
_c07}aQ ],
7zMr:JmV
【全句译文】:尽管在这个问题上最近的一些理论表明,这些阶段之间有更多的重叠,而且不同的环境会影响儿童的进步,但是皮亚杰的理论对于认知发展的最初研究还是极其重要的。 sW$XH1Uf#
\V:^h[ad
!D6]JPX
[Although this time amounts to more than 10 percent of Earth’s history], little is known about it, [since few rocks are known (that are older than 3.8 billion years old)].(武汉大学2017年阅读) 3|7QUld
HW|IILFB
kfNWI#'9
这是一个主从复合句。 jIyQ]:* p
}Jw,>}
PF2nLb2-
原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下: k)u[0}
Xj*Wu_
E`q_bn
主句:little is known about it AW .F3hN)
rNM;ZPF#
J4utIGF
【译文】人们对它知之甚少 qR.Q,(b|
TC. ,V_
[lAp62i5
分句一:Although this time amounts to more than 10 percent of Earth’s history 0YzpZW"+
=;k|*Ny
"b[5]Y{
U
类型:让步状语从句;引导词:although ;jPXs
d _
e WcI
'yth'[
【译文】尽管这段时间相当于地球历史的10%以上 H]!"Zq k
Al'3?
,[Fb[#Qqb
分句二:since few rocks are known… / xQPTT
v:p} B$
z2c6T.1M
类型:原因状语从句;引导词:since *A< 5*Db:F
'|4!5)/K
eQ"E
分句三:that are older than 3.8 billion years old :EH=_"
"j-CZ\]U|
HThcn1u~^b
类型:定语从句;引导词:that KG@8RtHsQ
|3%8&@ho
C7vxw-o|&p
【全句译文】:虽然这段时间占了地球历史的10%以上,但我们对它所知甚少,因为我们只知道很少有岩石年龄超过38亿岁。 fV:83|eQ