第一章 复合句 _7~q|
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第一节 名词性从句 Z[>fFg~N4
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名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 Wr-I~>D%_
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一、主语从句 5sNN:m
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(一)定义 ?FwHqyFVlQ
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主语从句,即在复合句中充当主语成分的句子。 -*OL+
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引导主语从句的连词主要有: y]+[o1]-c
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从属连词:that, whether kDxI7$]E
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连接代词:who, whoever, whom, whose, what, whatever, which, whichever -yb7s2o
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连接副词:when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however f(5;Rf(
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(二)类型 TBky+]p@
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主语从句一般分为两种: 9W_mSum
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1. 常规主语从句,即句子在复合句中充当一个主语,此时主语从句的时态不受主句时态的影响和限制 IXlk1tHN4I
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Whoever comes is welcome. H q?F @X
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不论谁来都欢迎。 XD|Xd|/ {
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What was once exciting and new becomes old-hat. wZ69W$,p
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曾经令人兴奋的新玩意转眼成了旧物。 'HCRi
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That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all. mG@[~w+
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他在如此短的时间内写完作文使我们十分惊讶。 I9rQX9#B
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2. 主语从句后置,即名词性从句作主语时,为了防止句子头重脚轻,通常把形式主语it放在句首位置,真正主语搁置于句末 4>fj@X(3
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It is certain that he will win the match. k`]76C7
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他一定会赢得这场比赛的。 K`ygW|?gt
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It has not been decided where the meeting is to be held. NwQ$gDgu t
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在哪里开会还没决定。 6W7,EIf
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It is essential that these application forms (should) be sent as early as possible. 3/&
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重要的是把这些申请表尽早寄出去。 KBI1t$
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(三)考博真题 ,'l.u?SKyd
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例1: ;;U&mhz`
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Many illustrations could be given of this from everyday life, but [what is of particular interest to psychologists] is the extent [to which people’s judgments and opinions can be changed as a result of group pressure]. (北体大,2009,Passage 2) @:!% Z`
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原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下: Th~pju
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主句:Many illustrations could be given of this…, but what is of…is the extent… A 7|x|mW
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【译文】…有很多与此相关的实例,但… {>brue*)
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分句一:what is of particular interest to psychologists
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【译文】对心理学家来说,尤其感兴趣的事情是… _)#~D*3
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分句二:to which people’s judgments and opinions can be changed as a result of group pressure !|Y&h0e
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类型:定语从句;连接词:to which 6AmFl<
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【译文】:团队的压力能够改变个人的判断和观点的程度 Szlww
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【全句译文】:日常生活中有很多与此相关的实例,但对心理学家来说,尤其感兴趣的事情是团队的压力能够改变个人的判断和观点的程度。 /p@0Q[E
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例2: S'vUxOAo
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And with doubtful prospects for a short-term financial return, with the cold war a rapidly fading memory and amid a growing emphasis on international cooperation in large space ventures, it is clear [that imperatives other than profits or nationalism will have to compel human beings to leave their tracks on the planet’s reddish surface]. (哈工大,2007,Passage 6) * (<3 oIRS
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这是一个主从复合句。 ^kj%Ekt7
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原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下: 1Aa=&B2
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主句:it is clear that…(it作形式主语) \t@|-`
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分句一:that imperatives… DnPV
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【译文】除了经济利益或民族主义,探索火星已成为人类必做的事情。 'H,l\i@"
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其他修饰成分:句子开头的三个介词短语用作状语,with, with, amid,用and连接 oMi"X"C:q
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【全句译文】:由于不再关心短期的经济回报,冷战的阴影也日渐退去,各更加重视彼此之间的航空探险合作。除了经济利益或民族主义,探索火星己成为人类必做的事情。。 hw&R.F
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例3: b=+'i
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[What we see, what we hear, feel and what we think we know] is not a photographic reflection of the world, but an instantaneous unthinking calculation as to [what is the most useful way of seeing the world]. (全国医学统考,2017,阅读理解四) l8hOr yB&
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这是一个主从复合句。 u1&pJLK0[
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原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下:
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主句:what…is not a photographic reflection of the world, but an instantaneous unthinking calculation NQ!jkojD
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【译文】我们所看到的、所听到的、所感觉到的还有我们自认为我们所知道的,并不是对世界的完全反映,而是… Q': }'CI
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【译文】我们所看到的、所听到的、所感觉到的还有我们自认为我们所知道的 0I4RZ.2*Y
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分句二:what is the most useful way of seeing the world mh!;W=|/"
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