1.名词性从句,包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句; pN0c'COy^
iW"L
!t#\|
2.形容词性从句,即我们平常所说的定语从句; P1)
80<t
6>=>Yj
3.状语从句,在句子中通常是时间地点方式的状语。
kw-/h+lG
X^|oY]D
1. The American economic system is, organized around a basically Jl]]nOBQ/
Bd
NuhV`0
private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine "j a0,%3
[QZ~~(R
what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those y9*H
oo Z-T>$
goods services that they want most. ]R4
)FH|><
xu:m~8%
【词汇】 y{<#pS.
+1)C&
:
private-enterprise:n. 民营企业 ZM#WdP
!GIsmqVY
market-oriented:adj. 以市场为导向 D+SpSO7yg
sRZ:9de+
【句式结构】 "q`%d_
uf;q/Wr
句子主干为 The American economic system is market-oriented economy;organizedaround a basically private-enterprise 过去分词短语作定语,修饰 economic system;in which z$Nk\9wm
fjWh}w8
引导定语从句,修饰 market-oriented economy;在定语从句中,主谓成分是 consumers largely determine;what =wj~6:Bf
0wkLM-lN
引导的宾语从句做 determine 的宾语成分;in themarketplace 做地点状语;for 引导的介词短语做目的状语,“在市场上消费是为了......”;在 for 引导的介词短语中包含一个定语从句,由 that 引导的定语从句修饰 those goods services。 _#gsR"FZ$
*n*y!z
【翻译】 }-L@AC/\#
e
6R"W9
美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的,在这种经济中,消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。 tbPPI)lu
xI<dBg|]+
2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demof individual iTt=aQjd
dI!/:x
consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits the _B1uE2j9
O0{
desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what if}]8
-7O/ed+
shall be produced how resources are used to produce it. `az`?`i7
Zd(d]M_x
【词汇】 (RmED\.]4
IA^)`l 7H
demof 要求…,需求…; N 9&@,3
NACY;XQ%
couple with 与…连接在一起 "J5Pwvs-
12PE{Mut
the desire of...的欲望 iy82QNe
}AiS83B
maximize 最大化 nh=Us^xD
I|IlFu?O=
income 收入,所得,收益 ijqdZ+
G
r|@CZq
be used to do 被用来做 4@e!D Du
otSPi7|k
【句式结构】 =(X'c.%i
e-cb?.WU?
本句是强调句式 it is...that...,真正的主语是 the demof individual consumers;过去分词短语 >.hGoT!_k
+Jka :]MW!
coupled with 引导了由 连接的两个并列成分即 the desire of businessmen to maximize profits 和 D
Ok^ON
I!7.fuO
the desire of individuals to maximize their income;谓语是 determine,后面由 g**%J Xo
=P;;&j3Z
连接了两个并列的宾语从句,即由 what 引导的宾语从句和 how 引导的宾语从句;in the American economic system 0^&R7Rv c
a61eH )a
是地点状语。 ?SO F
n
y [9}[NMZ
【翻译】 D^s0EW-
E
Df,VV+
因此,在美国的经济体系中,个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合,一起决定了什么应该被制造,以及资源如何被用来制造它们。 ls"\YSq$
;k&k#>L!K
3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducingits cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers,which in turn will lower the price permit more consumers to buy theproduct.
]t*P5
!+45=d 5
【词汇】 3Ra\2(bR
wz0$g4
on the other hand:在另一方面 ioY\8i
;*4tVp,
commodity:n. 商品; 日用品; 有价值的物品 in turn:依次; 轮流地; 相应地 dI
ZTLb"a
.xz,pn}
permit:v. 准许; 放任; 允许,容许 X|damI%
P$6f +{
【句式分析】 enbN0
;vv!qBl|@
句子的主干为 this will tend to increase the supply;if 引导条件状语从句,在从句中,主谓成分为 }u3H4S<o
jRdhLs,M9
producing more of a commodity results in...;主句中过去分词 offered 做后置定语修饰 the ;x3 ]
4^
YKw!pu=
supply;which 引导非限定性定语从句,修饰前面的主句。 %$Jqt
V:F+HMBk
【翻译】 [zh4W*K_cq
C DnR
另一方面,如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降,那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商的供给,而这也会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。