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楼主  发表于: 2008-09-01   

该错题常考要点

该错题常考要点 QNtr=  
一、代词 N^ET qg  
代词中主要讲解六个问题 y-X'eCUz  
(一) 掌握代词的几种格 e S=k 48'U  
  主格、宾格、所有格 @} Z/{Z[@  
  名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books) ).boe& .  
;' W5|.ZN  
(二) 反身代词 9]w0zUOL6  
当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。 R _Y&Y-  
  He killed himself. (他自杀了) }:8>>lQ  
  He killed him. (他杀了他) (R}X( u  
j)DZmGg&t  
例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating  K{ P#[X*5  
    A                 B    F)5Aq H/p  
  a series of indicators that could help )89jP 088V  
             C      xwxjj  
  themselves to predict earthquakes. X&~ Eo  
    D kw~H%-,]  
分析:D错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。 @/(7kh +  
Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物 Umt ia~x=&  
|P7f^0idk  
(三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别 mO> M=2A  
在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。 ncr-i!Jjk  
6<$|;w-OV  
例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies {kH^OZ^(e  
  that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the j/pQSlV  
     A   B      C          D 9p rsL#Fn  
  Pacific. J\$l3i/I  
-*fYR#VQQB  
分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。 D>e\OfTR:  
~+ wamX3  
Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。 o>-v?Ug  
Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如: [(F<|f:n  
  Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品 4`P2FnJ?  
`A _8nW)  
例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined XJ~l5} y ]  
                       A   &N_c-@2O  
  the word“normalcy”to express social and j~*Z7iu  
             B [ky6E*dV`  
   economic conditions they promised the nation. 9r+O!kF(  
   C       D k)K-mD``U  
分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。 )USC  
%"[dGB$S  
例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important t<k [W'#  
        A     ;;'a--'"  
  work is not poetry, but his biography, John 8Cs$NUU  
   B        C      `$sY^EX  
  Keats, published the year of her death.  )uid!d  
      D %L13Jsw  
分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell. !ObE{2Enf  
3[=`uO0\7  
\ FoxKOTp  
(四) Who和which的区别 oCKM5AVWsv  
which指代事物或者动物,who指代人 |[37:m  
who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物 xeHb89GnoQ  
GX@W"y  
例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who +~4bB$6*4)  
              A            B q^N0abzgP  
  account for approximately forty percent of the body weight. B8UZ9I$n  
   C                  D t*a*v;iz  
分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。 ^V: "zzn&  
人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明 9PKoNd^e  
Y%/ YFO2vb  
(五) that和which的区别 $Pd|6  
介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外 !eR-Kor  
i-k >U}[%  
例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it <rB3[IJo  
              A        B p?V ?nCv1O  
  would affect society could not have been foreseen. 9k\)tWe  
      C              D TX23D)CX  
分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见 4bi NGl~  
"!%wh6`>Md  
(六) 定语从句的特殊省略 #v4L oNm  
Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, x6^l6N  
Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when hIuMHq7h  
   I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world. 6 Wpxp\  
way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which U@6jOZ  
D<U 9m3  
例:Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly >ZT& `E  
              A         B   o"p^/'ri  
  reason people take medicine is to relieve pain. KVB0IXZC~  
         C      D L[?nST18%  
分析:B错,应改为main。mainly为副词,不能个饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略 q,B3ru.?d  
Y[Q @WdE9  
例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has  &{%MjKJ._  
  affected the way people in the United States----. &<,SV^w ag  
   (A) living and working KRY cCn  
   (B) they live and work P+<BOG|m  
   (C) live and work ha*X6R  
   (D) to live and to work yN*:.al  
分析:选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。 *'D=1{WZ!  
"EoDQT"0  
二、介词 zJ9v%.e  
介词是考试中出现的比较多的一个部分,而其中考的最多的就是介词的固定搭配问题。由于篇幅问题,我们在这里仅仅举出几个例题,在说明书手册中我们完整的列出了所有的介词搭配,这些列出的搭配在以前的语法题中出现过,只不过有的时候是正确的选项,有的时候重复考。 '\`6ot8  
Z@3l%p6V  
(一) 介词搭配 |h}B{D  
}e 9!xA  
例:The teeth in the upper jaw function together those iq?l#}]  
    A         B   C      <I; 5wv  
  in the lower jaw to cut, tear, and grind food. UVz/n68\k7  
                D "PMQyzl  
分析:和…一起,应该为together with,C错 ak;6z]f8[  
62[8xn=(%  
例:The Allegheny Mountain range is rich of coal. Yi(1^'Bi  
A       B     C  D +2RNZEc  
分析:B错改为be rich in M;+IZr Wkl  
$&hN*7Ts  
例:The rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible to the Qzqc .T  
    A         B      C u%u&F^y  
  alternation of periods of light and darkness. `0bP0^w  
             D X32C}4-B  
分析:C错,应改为responsible for。形容词responsible后接名词作宾语时要加介词for。 }#1/fok  
v4rW2F:X  
LY 0]l$  
(二) 最重要的两个介词 w##^}nHOR  
1、介词of 多余或者遗漏 $TG =w  
例:Mosquitoes usually lay eggs, singly or in batches, on top stagnant water. =Mj 0:rW  
          A      B  C     D :z&7W<  
分析:D错,应改为top of stagnant。on top of …是因定表达法,意为“在…上面”。 f>2MI4nMG  
/@"Y^  
例:Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has Fh8lmOL;?  
                 A  B     ;=4Xz\2  
  starred in stage, television, and film productions on PL X>-7@  
      C W/fuKGZi_  
  both sides the Atlantic Ocean. AY,].Zg[  
      D @WMA}\Cc  
分析:D错,应改为sides of the。 sides为名词,the Atlantic Ocean也是名词,中间明显少了一个介词。 nXy>7H[0  
E&`Nh5JfC  
2、介词by CyDV r  
一种情况表示被动,be+过去分词+by ]bZ(HC?KZr  
另一种表示通过……的方式, by doing H/ +B%2Zj  
例:The ceremony of marriage in the United States nKoiG*PI  
    A         B       -=`#fDvBn  
   can be performed from a justice of the peace. nUS| sh  
   C     D PjKEC N  
分析:D错,应改为performed by。谓语动词是被动式,performed的动作执行者应该由介词by来引导。 qpIC{'A.  
vS\Nd1~?  
例:Along the east coast ,American Indian women's councils +N`ua  
   A                      ~6YMD  
   could veto a declaration of war at refusing to 2i;7{7  
     B    C       D zk-.u}RBFG  
   supply moccasins and field rations. %yBB?cp+_  
分析:D错,应改为by refusing。通过拒绝提供鞋子和粮食,表示通过某种方式做某事要用介词by,故将at refusing 改为by refusing。 Ar*^ ; /  
mKr h[nA  
例:Algebra is the branch of mathematics concerned with h/?l4iR*  
        A                .*m>\>Gsgw  
  operations on sets of numbers or other elements !?c|XdjZ  
        B          C   x }Ad_#q  
  that are often represented at symbols. Po%LE]v,  
              D ck?YI]q|  
分析:D错,应改为by。动作的发出者应该用介词by来引导。 FEV Ep  
三、谓语动词 lXcx@#~  
(一) 谓语动词的主谓一致 lOtDqb&  
①、主谓分割原则 89r DyRJ;  
例1:To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle, 0 $,SF3K  
     A     y;s`P .  
   America's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom. ")d`dj\o  
        B      C      D Na:w]r:y  
分析:C错,应改为symbolizes。主语谓语用逗号分割开,主语the bald eagle为单数,谓语动词也应该用单数形式。 : |>Gc39`t  
y&V@^ "`  
②、与后者一致原则 Z< vKQ4 G  
not…but, 强调but后面的名词, p6;OL@ \~  
not only…but also ZzSz%z_sE  
B]Thn  
RS8Hf~0G  
③、与前者一致原则 (L/_^!ZX  
名词+with/together with/as well as/including+复数名词,谓语用is, L U={")TdQ  
中心词在前面,谓语动词应该与前面的名词保持一致 !6*"(  
例:The athlete, together with his coach and s+<Yg$)  
     A      B  C     Sy0$z39  
  several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games. UWd=!h^dt  
         D )8$=C#qC[  
分析:D错,与谓语动词与the athlete 保持一致,改为is ,,q10iF  
NgP&.39U  
④、就近原则 `u&Rsz&^  
or, either…or, neither…nor, hYG6 pTCb  
单数名词+or+复数名词+are 8|l\E VV6  
如果把句子变为一般疑问句,也就是把be动词提到前面,那么变为is P*3BB>FO   
所以注意一点: 如果是陈述句,靠后面近,用复数 l*d(;AR  
        如果是疑问句,靠前面近,用单数 sN9&,&W1  
 Ac2n  
例:The structure or behavior of many protozoans are ix)M`F%P3  
        A      B        Ch <[l8;K  
  amazingly complex for single-celled animals. \Je0CD=e`  
    C              D .6+Z^,3  
分析:A错,应改为and。从谓语动词是复数形式判断,主语应该为复数,or连接两个名词时动词和后面的名词保持一致,behavior是用单数形式,因此只有改为并列连词and才能使主谓在数上保持一致。 nrub*BuA  
A$Hfr8w1u  
⑤定语从句主语就近原则 }ppN k:B  
There are five apples that are red. R3gdLa.  
apples是复数,因此从句谓语动词是复数。 Ug>~Rq]  
u8&Z!p\  
例:A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets SJb&m-  
      A            ayR-\mZ  
  carry a supply that last just a few seconds. $p#Bi-&  
   B   C    D y\4L{GlBM  
分析:D错,应改为lasts。从句的逻辑主语a supply为单数,其谓语动词应为单数形式。 Dp,L/1GQ8  
<J< {l  
⑥the +形容词主谓一致 J=9FRC  
The rich are not always happier than the poor. ;DqWh0  
The rich 表示一类人,应该用复数 \)#kquH/l  
+rd|A|hRq  
⑦、倒装句的主谓一致 yj 3cyLXw  
改错题倒装句的主谓一致一般考两种情况: oK6tTK  
a. there be 句型 deBY5|  
there be+名词+名词,那么最近的名词决定其形式 (y=C_wvqZ  
b. between/ among 放在句首+be+名词,名词其实是主语,所以be和名词保持一致 !Q2d(H>  
1gL2ia  
例:There are no known society in which left-handed people predominate. Vz~{UHH6  
   A     B      C    D    132{# tG]  
分析:there be 句型由最近的名词决定其形式,society当然用单数,A错,there are 改为there is d[@X%  
[A+ >^ {  
hci6P>h<ia  
例:Between the foothills of the Andes and the Pacific fx41,0;gZq  
             A     B    |HiE@  
  Ocean are a dry coastal strip averaging about 30 -]0OKE&  
     C         }^ApJS(FQ  
  miles in width. y;35WtDVb  
     D  (yH'{6g\  
分析:倒装句,are改为is Bd!bg|uO*  
/C:Y94B-z  
例:Among the favorite attractions at the National Air and :(/~:^!  
   A    B       C         &PR5q 7  
  Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the film ]AINK UI0  
                    D ak7bJ~)X=  
  presented on the five-story-tall screen. _F6OM5F"N  
分析:D错,应改为films , 主语实际上是名词,应该与谓语动词保持一致。 !y\'EW3|G  
v"y-0$M  
⑧、百分比结构的主谓一致 6hno)kd{=  
fifty percent of + 名词 J?*1*h  
one percent of + 名词 n<Z({\9&H  
谓语动词的形式和百分比多少没有关系,主要取决于后面的名词,比如: @CpfP;*{w`  
  one percent of my students + are %"q 9:{m  
  fifty percent of my time is spent on working. hCi60%g/n  
X2#2C/6#u  
这里要强调两个结构 f/U`  
half of =fifty percent Q)~aiI0  
most of + 可数名词 + are @KXV%a'  
most of + 不可数名词+ is S(k3 `;K  
pd:WEI ,  
例:Nearly half of the ancient meteor craters has been d?y4GkK  
   A       B         C   ^ sOQi6pL  
  found in central and eastern Canada. '*Z1tDFS  
           D JYMiLph<  
分析:C错,应改为have been。介词of的宾语为复数名词短语,作主语的中心词half当然表复数,相应的谓语动词应为复数形式。 > $O]Eu!  
nXaC 3W:"  
例:Approximately fifty percent of the package utilized G'nmllB`]  
                 A   B  "SNn^p59k  
  in the United States are for foods and beverages. K='z G*$l  
              C     D rF3wx.  
分析:A错,应改为packages。从谓语动词用复数形式判断出主语是复数名词。注意food用复数表示不同种类的食品,beverage用复数表示不同种类的饮料,故(C)、(D)均没有错。 #QS`_TlKk  
] vz%iv_  
(二) 谓语动词的时态 5us:adm[pD  
①、主要考察时间状语 eln)BW#  
_jvxc'6  
例 The metal aluminum has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century. E7WK (  
   A        B  C     D ZAW^/bo<  
FXpJqlhNv  
分析:Metal, aluminum同位语,in the nineteenth century为明显表示过去时间的状语, 因此应该用过去时态,把has been改为was I!ED?n  
,j#XOy`mzy  
LHyB3V  
②、For和since的区别 O24m;oHM  
区别一:For 后面使用时间段,since 后面使用时间点 Ij 79~pn  
区别二:Since 只能用在现在完成时态,For 最主要用在现在完成时和一般过去时 Lt2u,9  
  I has been a teacher for three years. ;RH;OE,A  
  I has been a teacher since 1996. Z EQ@IS:Y  
  I was a teacher for three years. 这种表达可以,for three years表示一段时间,was 表示过去做了三年,现在不是老师了 b k~( ^!R  
u6J8"< -W  
例: Since 1921 the budget of the United States became ['b}QW@Fx  
   A      B              ?(xnSW@r  
  the primary responsibility of the president. ov|d^)'  
     C    D 36.Z0Z1'F>  
分析:A错,应改 In. since一般要求主句用完成时态,而句中谓语动词为过去式,其时间状语应与之呼应,故改Since为In。 I.I`6(Cb  
]GUvV&6@(  
例:Adella Prentiss Hrghes served as manager of )tG\vk=@  
             A  B  C   8aZ=?_gvT  
  the Cleveland Orchestra since fifteen years. Qo>b*Ku;  
            D ;:iY)}  
分析:D错,应改为for。since引导时间状语时,主句谓语动词为一般完成时;主句谓语动词为一般过去时要用介词for;而且一段时间用for, 而不是since。 ~cWAl,(B<F  
97Lte5c6r  
G `+T+  
52. In general, prawns lived in shallow coastal waters or in streams.  Y&`=jDI  
   A       B        C     D ht|z<XJ  
自然现象和客观事实用一般现在时态,live M\vwI"  
`Nv=B1  
(三) 谓语的语态 ^9m\=5d  
语态主要表示是主动语态还是被动语态。 {]*c 29b>  
有四组动词是改错题中常考的: UMv.{iEj  
①、prove ,k.3|aZE  
My advice proved to be wrong. 我的建议被证明是错的 !]42^?GH  
尽管是被证明,但习惯上用主动; v>:Ur}u!D  
i 6R~`0>Q  
例:A majority of the reports received from people claiming ^"2i   
                      A   Jlri*q"hE  
  to have seen the legendary Loch Ness Monster have proven to be H  >j  
    B                  C i=ea ?eT`  
  mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked. dFRsm0T  
                  D # Nk;4:[  
分析:D错,应改为tricks。并列连词 or在此连接名词,如果把D理解为并列句,不仅时态不对,语义也有问题,故将整个句子改为名词。have proven to be是正确的。 kC WEtbz1  
 R(!s  
y.anl  
②、Locate,Situate <W|3\p6  
这两个词可以用作主动,表示把…放置在…地方;确定…的位置 .O74V~T  
  Bats locate obstacles.蝙蝠确定障碍物的位置 G(Lzf(  
这两个词也可以用作被动 bT\1>  
  My school was located near the river. *,3SGcYdJj  
区分locate的主动和被动比较难,但是有一个技巧存在:locate如果用作主动,后面必须跟宾语 *Tas`WA  
例:The center of gravity of the human body ---- behind the hip joint.  0bz'&  
   (A)locates hwu]Er.gn  
   (B)locating ? F i=P#  
   (C)to locate 4h~iPn'Wl  
   (D)is located *Y,x|F  
分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词,故首先排除不能作谓语的B和C。动词locate后面没有宾语,所以用作被动,表示“位于”,所以D为正确选项。 s2teym,uG  
FO=4:   
③、表示需要概念的动词 kr+D,h01  
need, want, require等 -!q :p&c  
~s% Md  
My watch needed repairing ,X#2\r<|  
My watch needed to be repaired. 4y)P>c  
->sm+H-*  
④、表示人的情感的动词 &{ay=Mj  
move, annoy, surprise, please等 M1 :uJkO.  
,ek_R)&[o  
He is so moving.  他令人感到感动。 XR +Y=R  
He is greatly moved. 他感到非常感动。 JM=JH 51`  
*#E F sUw  
主动和被动技巧总结: u2[ iMd  
如果句子中有一个“过去分词+by”, 如果断定它是谓语的话,前面必然有be动词 6""G,"B  
hHN'w73z  
例:The Tennessee Valley Authority has chartered by the !>v2i"  
                 A      g,}_G3[j0m  
  United States Congress in 1933 to construct dams, 0TCBQ~"  
                 B p!>oo1&  
  power structures, and flood-control works along mFg<dTx0c8  
                    C =o Xsb  
  the Tennessee River and its tributary streams. I Y2)?"A  
                D #,7e NM"  
分析:A错,应改为has been chartered。由信号词by可知前面的谓语动词为被动语态形式。 "{tg8-a4)  
N03HQp)g  
四、非谓语动词 =4[v 3Qx  
,$+lFv3LE  
(一) 分词 hJn%mdx~w|  
现在分词和过去分词的区别 1nQWW9i  
①、用于句首作状语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 &{> cZh}\  
3{ LP?w:@  
例:Won its war for independence in 1783, the United States then "$N#p5  
   A  86(I^=  
  struggled to establish its own economic and financial system. "SzdDY6  
     B      C            D zN!ZyI$nqP  
分析:分词作状语,主要看是主动还是被动,美国赢得应该是主动,所以A错,改won为winning '`eO\huf  
"ul {d(K3  
②、用于名词后面作后置定语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 +VCGlr  
例:In the nineteenth century the Mohave Indians lived in X=hYB}}nu  
      A               B   c/zJv*}x ?  
  the Northern Hemisphere grew their crops on river bottom lands. q0$ !y!~  
               C         D MKy[hT:  
分析:B错,生活在什么地方的人,人生活是主动,因此改为living p /# $io  
FP;Ccl"s  
|_`E1Y}}  
一些动词后面必须用doing uM_#  
对于加doing的词来说,考试中一般出现一个,下面这些词都是要加doing的,请考生牢记。 QS{1CC9$  
 mind, finish, enjoy, celebrate, 89\n;5'f4  
 advocate, suggest !eEHmRgg4  
 delay, quit s}jHl8  
 forgive(原谅),tolerate, ag*mG*Z  
 avoid, escape(逃避) ^j" .  
 spend+名词+doing; %,D<O,N  
 have trouble/difficult/a problem/ +doing bzX\IrJpOZ  
e' 0{?B  
例:Long before the dawn of recorded history, humans celebrated to harvest their 7VMvF/ap]u  
   A     B    C              D \8<BLmf4U  
  crops. @6mBqcE'?  
分析:D错,应改为harvesting。及物动词celebrate直接带名词、名词短语或动名词短语作宾语,故将to harvest改为harvesting。 ,Fi>p0bz  
hO'; {Nl/$  
例:Some experts have advocated to bring that country into the talks, \T <$9aNb  
               A        B b@S Cn9  
  to revive the intermittent dialogue that began after the 1967 Middle East War. UN zlN  
        C          D q-c=nkN3  
分析:A错,advocate 后面直接跟doing, 改为advocate bringing rk7QZVE  
0#ClWynjRO  
(二) 不定式 z .Y$7bf)  
A. 动词不定式的省略 aj?a^}X  
①、help后面可以省略to /Wy.>YC|  
  help do q*2N{  
  help sb. to do oI.G-ChP  
ap{2$k ,  
例:A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid ~M\I;8ne  
              A      B   8HRmQ  
  the habits that might shorten the lives. -.T&(&>^  
         C     D |]aE<`D  
分析:D错,应改为their. 定冠词在句中不如代词所有格明确,如果lives后面有定语就可以用the。注意(A)并没有错,help后面可以接不带to的不定式。 TEMw8@b  
Y_]De3:V0B  
②、使役动词后面要省略to, 这样的动词只有三个 c wOJy >  
  make, ^;Sy. W&`  
  let, ;\[(- )f!=  
  have sb. do sth Bf$_XG3  
  注意get不是使役动词,get sb. to do sth. # hlCs  
例:A conductor used signals and gestures to let the musicians hAm`NJMSO  
        A               B Dc+'<"  
  to know when to play various parts of a composition. {&"L~>/o  
   C     D cetvQAGXY  
分析:let是使役动词,后面不需要to, C改为know h(F<h_  
gd0Vp Xf'  
③、感官动词 5bA)j!#)|X  
   hear, feel, watch, see, notice, observe Nx-uQ^e*1  
   see sb do sth. 强调过程 iR\Hv'|  
   see sb doing sth 正在做某事 0v]?6wX  
W,K%c=  
l9Q(xuhv  
B. 动词不定式的固定用法 $ -c!W!H  
(1)表示第一人 HBY.DCN [Z  
the first woman to do sth. [j"9rO" +  
i [ $0a4  
(2)表示迫使的动词 XK"-'  
一般考三个, allow/ enable/ call, +sb. + to do [lk'xzE  
\V>?Do 7  
例:Besides providing clues to the nature of atoms, mineral analysis :d8W +|1u  
     A                 B    (n1Bh~R^  
  allows to speculate geologists about the ancient Earth. (Z}>1WRju  
       C           D q\rC5gk >  
分析:allow...to do是固定短语,allow的宾语应在不定式之前,即把C改为: allow geologists to speculate。 OgcHS?  
QW_agm  
dtPoo\@  
(3)表示倾向…的形容词 zd]D(qeX  
  be more likely to do 更有可能作某事 X1tXqHJF}  
  be inclined to do倾向于做某事 9]'($:LF08  
  be lieable to do 易于…的  AkU<g  
  be apt to do |+U<S~  
gq"k<C0  
(4)表示目的的名词, $ \*` }Y  
一共有7个这样的词,这一条也是最重要的。 hSGb-$~F  
固定的句式: L0%hnA@  
the purpose , the purpose of sth is to do sth. $3X-r jQtW  
the objective 目标 <As9>5|%  
aim Q{QYBh&  
goal : t$l.+B  
reason理由 W YW|P2*  
function功能 (x;g/!:  
intension意图 MYe HS   
/cFzotr"9  
例:The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was providing .r+hERcB  
                       A  ;oH ,~|K  
  large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. aH_6s4+:  
           B          C     D ,%#   
分析:the function to provide, A错 bVr*h2 p  
{}>n{_  
例:The chief goal of biochemistry is for understanding the structure 7yI @"c#O  
                  A       9O,,m~B  
  and behavior of the carbon-containing compounds smAC,-6 ]~  
     B  K_-d(  
  that make up various components of a living cell. [IM%b~j(^  
    C    D MN= sIP,zk  
分析:the chief goal is to understand, A错 }ublR&zlp  
{#Q\z>  
(5) 其他同根名词 u~ F ;x Q  
 ability to do 受到be able to 的影响 ^ gro=Bp(  
 attempt to do 企图 @y~P& HUN  
 decision to do 决定, 受decide的影响 %.x@gi q  
 ambition, [!*xO?yCJ  
 be ambitious to do  q@ #BPu"\l  
 effort W5DbFSgB  
ddpl Pzm#  
例:For ancient people, myths were often attempts explanation +GNWF% zN  
  A                    B   /r$&]C:Fi  
  catastrophic events such as volcanic eruptions. H"YL k  
          C       D }~enEZ  
分析:B错,应改为to explain。 attempts后应跟动词不定式短语表目的,故将名词explanation改为to explain。 mb\t/p  
m3 IP7h'  
例:In the early 1960's the Civil Rights movement made great CUhV$A#oo  
  A                   B   !;}2F-  
  efforts for registering members of minorities to vote. B\<ydN  
       C            D N=ifIVc  
分析:efforts to register, C错 !]DuZ=  
^e9aD9  
hLA;Bl  
C. 动词不定式的其他用法 .ewZV9P)t  
(1) be to do 表示已安排好或者注定要发生的动作,属于将来时态的范畴  nP_=GI  
She and Anne are to meet at two o'clock. ,olwwv_8G  
{[3YJkrM  
(2)不定式的完成式为“to have done”,表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生,这个完成式通常表示一般过去时 PNmF}"  
I am glad to see you. 3X'WR]  
I am glad to have seen your mother yesterday. syFI$rf _  
yesterday是一般过去时,修饰have seen. 4I ,o&TK  
)5i* /I\  
(3) 形容词后面使用动词不定式,主动表示被动 Ao*FcrXN  
It is difficult to decide. #<}kISV0  
GN%<"I.  
0WS|~?OR@  
五、句子的结构 *R!]47Y d  
句子的结构主要考查四个出题方向。 }bg o )<i  
G1r V<,#m  
(一) 主语的重复 R9E6uz.j  
名词+代词+谓语,这个代词永远是重复的主语,永远是错的 thQ J(w  
例:Woodrow Wilson he was an idealist who refused to make any GWh|FEqUbf  
          A      B       3se$,QmN  
  compromises concerning the establishment of the ,Z4^'1{D  
          C          D i"fCpkAP  
  League of Nations. .r*#OUC  
分析:代词he不是同位语,主语重复;如果是下面这样的主语,那么便是主语同位语 cS 4T\{B;  
A prolific writer, Woodrow Wilson +yIL[D  
7A[Ogro  
ytob/tc  
例:Two unique features of the Arctic they are ip674'bq7R  
        A        B  U~hCn+0  
  lack of precipitation and permanently frozen ground. ;6zPiaDQ  
    C         D Ki63Ox^O  
分析:选项B中的they和前面的主语two unique features重复 `_ 0)kdu  
K~$35c3M  
(二)谓语的重复 5C* ?1& !  
完整的句子后面又多了一个谓语,往往改为定语从句 b<8q 92F  
"C& Jwm?  
例:A paragraph is a portion of a text consists of  M-vC>u3Y  
    A            B    6g8M7<og9R  
  one or more sentences related to the same idea. &6Ns7w6*z  
         C   D a&8l[xe1  
分析:B错,应改为consisting of或which consists of。句中有两个无法连接的谓语动词,而且前一个谓语动词下面没有划线,故改consists为非谓语动词形式或在它前面加which使之成为从句谓语动词。 OoE9W  
d`UF0T  
(三)谓语的缺少 qih6me8C  
例:Most mammals to maintain a relatively constant body \N6<BS  
          A     B    A}gYc c85Z  
  temperature, regardless of what the air temperature might be. P`z7@9*j  
         C               D V;P1nL4L  
分析:A错,应改为maintain。句中缺谓语动词,故去掉不定式符号to 使maintain变成谓语动词。 Zb}`sk#  
cxL,]27Bu  
(四)主句的重复 *>G ^!e.u  
主句的重复总是考even, instead, during, despite等引导的句子, 但是实际上它们无法把两个句子连接起来,因为它们都是副词或者介词,连接两个句子应该用连接词连接 sw[<VsxjR  
LH bZjZ2  
b8eDD+ulk  
例:Salmon spend most of their adult lives in salt water, despite _F! :(@}  
      A         B        C   5%EaX?0h+  
  they return to their freshwater birthplaces to spawn and die. 5T7_[{  
     D unx;m$-c  
分析:C错,应改为though。despite是介词,后面一般接名词作宾语,而在句中它后面却跟着一个完整的句子,所以改为连词though。 2=i+L z^  
@>d&5}F_>{  
例:Solar eclipses occur during the Moon's shadow 1!K !oY  
        A   B       W ]a7&S  
  sweeps across the face of the Earth. n%7A;l!{  
      C    D E!:.G+SEl  
分析:B错,应改为when或as。介词不能引导条件状语从句,根据题意改为从属连词when或as。 AaJ,=eQ  
u40b? n.  
例:Even many early leaders of the United States have provided H[>klzh6 !  
   A                     B  +OV%B .  
  names for towns, only George Washington (:tTx>V#  
      C }TXp<E"\  
  is remembered in the name of a state. 7J #g1  
          D Q' OuZKhA  
分析:A错,应改为Even though。even为副词,不能引导从句,根据题意,改为引导让步状语从句的Even though。 [wXwKr  
六、比较级和最高级 -f-O2G=  
比较级和最高级的出题非常有规则,一共有5个出题方向,并且每次考试必然考两个 p*(U*8Q  
-Z[R S{#+T  
(一)    比较级或最高级形式上的重复 //`cwnjp  
例:The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which WF3DGqs_]  
      A               y~4SKv $  
  involves using a circular dish with a small pocket at the bottom. dA_V:HP  
     B       C           D O>tC]sm%  
分析:A错,应改为easiest。easiest本身已是最高级,不必再用most,这是最高级形式上的重复 $Hl+iF4j<  
~%8Q75tn.  
(二)比较级和最高级之间的混用 76u/WC>B  
例:The greenest and plentifulest leaves are the leaves of grasses. 6B!j(R  
     A      B     C  D ZmYSi$B  
分析:B错,应改为most plentiful。 plentiful是多音节形容词,须在前面加most构成最高级。 )$Dcrrj  
F'Y 2f6B  
例:The more fearsome of all the animals in the Western Hemisphere f3%^-Uy*b  
     A       B     C   D Ok~W@sYST  
  is the grizzly bear. N .Wdi  
分析:A错,应该用最高级most,含有介词of, among, in 表示的范围状语使用最高级。 9 z8<[>  
JtrDZ;^@  
&[2Ej|o  
(三)比较词than的前面一定要有比较级 Ql6ai  
改错题中,通常会看见than前面有一个原级 j~,LoGuPh  
+DbWMm  
例:Film directors can take far great liberties in dealing with _ \y0 mc4  
   A           B  l_j<aCY?|  
  concepts of time and space than stage directors can. jhEg#Q$  
   C                 D ,Dii?P  
分析:B错,应改为greater。根据后面有than一词可以判定前面的形容词用比较级形式,注意far, much 修饰比较级。 ,Q /nS$  
(Q+:N;  
(四)在as…as以及否定not so…as, not as…as的中间使用形容词原级 ;~gd<KK  
as sweeter as, 这是不对的,应改为as sweet as ^]lwd"$  
a+>W  
(五)the 和比较级最高级的关系 cLyuCaH>c  
①、比较级前面可以出现the, 修饰后面的名词 ?m _RU  
the taller boy VgZaDd ;  
:kiO  
②、副词的最高级加不加the均可以 ,M/#Q6P0}  
例:Although flies live longest in cool temperatures, it breed yL3<X w|  
          A            B {EoyMJgz  
  prolifically when temperatures are warm, food is K%TKQ<R|  
  abundant, and humidity is moderate. xm10  
    C          D S_ -QvG2  
分析:副词的最高级加不加the均可, 所以A正确,从从句的主语可以看出,B应该改为they yDkDtO`K  
97))'gC  
③、形容词的最高级作定语前面必须使用the, 如果不作定语的话,加不加the均可以 t-4 R7`A<  
例:Of all the Native Americans in the United States, ,fG_'3wb  
  A  B         C     dK;\`>8  
  the Navajos form largest group. Nj-rZ%&  
         D hHl-;%#  
分析:D错,应改为form the largest。形容词最高级前面要加定冠词。 CygV_q  
  6[|<  
陷阱1, earliest, 有两种可能, \y )4`A  
一种可能是early的最高级,最早的语言,the earliest language /e?ux~f|  
    另一种可能作名词,表示早期,必须和时间的名词连用,earliest time, earliest ages, 表示很早的年代,很早的时代,也就是说,如果以后碰上earliest后面加上times, ages, 前面不用加the T!xy^n]}  
[`-O-?=  
例:The belief in fairies have existed from earliest times, and the literature of many kbT-Oz  2  
            A      B         C #M^Yh?~%w  
  countries includes tales of fairies and their relationship to humans. %3+hz $E  
            D `L*;58MA  
分析:A错,应改为has existed。主语是单数名词the belief,而不是复数名词fairies,故谓语动词是单数形式。earliest times表示表示很早的时代是正确的。 x OyL2   
s&`XK$p  
陷阱2,如果最高级前面有所有格的话,不用加the /^eemx  
例如:my best friends c2mt<DtWW  
y^46z( I  
例:Salt Lake City, Utah's capital and largest city, is industrial HWfX>Vf>}k  
            A    B     C :aqskeT  
  and banking center. eL?si!ZL^  
        D \Y[)bo6s  
分析:C错,应改为is an industrial center。center为可数名词,它的修饰词前面应有不定冠词。 71&+dC  
Utah's largest city, 题目中其实是省略了Utah's。 :Fd9N).%  
>@Vr'kg+V  
XK-x*|  
例:Faults in the Earth's crust are most evidently in sedimentary 7<o;3gR7Kj  
                 A         KL"L65g&  
  formations, where they interrupt previously continuous layers. "[S 6w  
    B   C     D g 2<S4  
分析:A错,are的表语必须用evident, 为什么不加the, 因为作表语,而不是定语 h:sG23@=  
Iw7r}G  
七、平行结构 BIf].RY  
改错题考的最多的一个方向便是平行结构 =T4 w:  
;O|63  
a`iAA1HJ  
(一) 对等连接词 J}\]<aC  
一共有三类连接平行结构的词 6|cl`}g_j  
单一式: and, or ,but Z x%@wH~  
相关式: both…and, not … but, J3^ZPW  
     either …or, neither…nor mJR T+SZ  
     the same…as;as…as, not so…as, not as…as 3*2pacHpE  
     such …as, so …that.. too…to, from…to, from…until, 0 N;d)3  
没有so...as... _u2  
between…and, p;=(-4\V}  
     not only…but also(also可以省略),Not only +主谓,also Pv.@Y 30  
     not only…but also(also可以省略)+as well, Vnb#N4vR  
VW`=9T5%@  
短语式: as well as x's-UO"^  
     rather than (而不是) cSk}53  
     other than (除…之外) TL gVuY  
     instead of (代替) 1Di&vpn0u  
eCd?.e0@j  
考试的方式往往是搭配中有一个单词是对的,另一个单词却不对 1tpD|  
例:John lived in New York since 1960 to 1975,  Ngnjr7Q={T  
       A     B   )aSkUytg"  
  but he is now living in Detroit. EPy/6-5b  
       C   D HCK4h DKo}  
分析:B错,应改为from。“从某年到某年”要用“from…to…”这个表达法,不能用since …to…。 }*.*{I  
3IFU{0a`  
例:Even as he wrote copiously on so diverse topics BUyA]  
       A         B ^&HYn wk  
  as education ,politics ,and religion ,Lewis Mumford n]Y _C^  
  remained active in city and regional planning. ]EQ/*ct  
          C    D  ,qB081hPG  
分析:B错, 改为such diverse topics as, 出现as, 往往要注意前面一半 e_V(G  
(二)平行的内容 )K~nZLULY  
第一、引导词性的平行,词性的平行本质上是语法作用的平行 [_ n|n"M  
例:Photoperiodism is the functional or behavioral response of Vk-_H)*r  
             A         B   mN02T@R -  
  an organism to changes in duration of daily, seasonally, fZ$2bI=  
         C            D l1WVt}  
  or yearly periods of light and darkness. v<1;1m  
分析:D错,应改为seasonal。在daily, seasonally和yearly三个并列的词中,daily和yearly是形容词,seasonally是副词,故改为形容词seasonal,共同修饰名词periods,三个形容词的平行,词性平行 $hio (   
RMK U5A7  
O5 SX "A  
第二、名词单复数的平行 v0=~PN~E  
但是如果既有可数名词,又有不可数名词,可以不平行 Yo:&\a K[  
14R L++  
例:The main advertising media include direct mail, =%LS9e^7D  
  A     B          C   h%%'{^>~  
  radio, television, magazines, and newspaper. V EzIWNV  
                 D   } qTvUs  
分析:D错,应改为newspapers。newspaper为可数名词,在没有任何前置修饰语的情况下一般用复数形式,并且和前面的magazine平行,而mail, radio, television则是不可数名词。 G1rgp>m  
3$Je,|bs  
例:The Canadian province of Newfoundland has a rocky coast, a moisture climate, k:sh:G+=$d  
                   A         B b11C3TyQT  
  and probably the best cod-fishing areas in the world. 8CCA/ 6  
      C          D bGZy0.  
分析:海岸气候只有一个,但是钓鱼的地方可以有许多个,所以也是不可数名词和名词复数的平行;因此D没有错,A错改为have !SnpesTn  
~&kV  
第三、时态的平行 rgr> ;   
例:The poet Marianne Moore was initially associated A.n1|Q#  
                A     mYCGGwD  
  with the imagist movement , but later develops #]rw@c  
                   B YpJzRm{Ra  
  her own thyme patterns and verse forms. zC7;Zj*k  
          C    D /=%4gWtr  
分析:B错,应改为developed。句中前半部分谓语为过去时,与之并列的谓语也应用过去时。 =$MV3]  
?S"xR0 *  
例:Because the papaya grows readily from seed , ----- pxgv(:Tw  
  spread from its home in Central America and  u!(|y9p  
  now grows throughout the tropics. T"O!  
   (A) to be    (B) it   DGcd|>q  
   (C) the     (D) its \-^3Pe,  
分析:正确答案为(B)。空格前是原因状语从句,后面紧接着是谓语动词,空格处明显缺主句主语。四个选项中只有B能单独作主语。注意spread是过去式,没有数的变化,因为这一动作明显发生在过去时间。spread 和grows为什么时态可以不平行呢? ;kY= }=9  
原来它在Central America 的家乡传播,现在在整个地方传播,now只修饰后面的grow `| fF)kI  
,W.O*vCA  
例:Ducks have been domesticated for many centuries ---- kHJjdgV  
  commercially for their meat and eggs. 9rhz#w  
   (A) raised   (B) and are raised p0Vw@R=  
   (C) raised as  (D) are raised MD%86m{Sg=  
分析:正确答案为B。空格前是一个完整的句子,根据一个空格处如再出现谓语动词一定要有连词这一原则,B为惟一符合条件的选项。故选(B)。 gX[6WB"p  
&`@K/Nf$9  
第四、排列位置的平行 W)KV"A3C  
例:---the surface of metal, but also weakens it. ^+-i7`|=  
   (A) Not only does rust corrode &TKB8vx=#  
   (B) Not only rust corrodes  GZse8ng  
   (C) Rust, which not only corrodes d35,[  
   (D) Rust not only corrodes Y #KgaZ7N  
分析:正确答案为D。从but also放在动词前可知,not only也须置于动词前,故选D。A、B中的Not only位置放错了,C使句子缺主句,故排除。 gP`8hNwR  
W}Z'zU?[  
对于not only, but also的用法有以下几种: &P rx=L`  
 1、主语+not only +谓语,but also+谓语,正确;例如上面例题中的第四个选项。 8xLvpgcZ  
 2、Not only +主谓,but also+主谓,正确 L.>`;`dmY  
 3、Not only +主语+谓语,but also+谓语,错误 ;as B@Q  
%;GDg3L[p  
八、词序的颠倒 1I_(!F{Ho  
词序的颠倒一般只考一道,90%的情况集中于下面三个出题方向 op;OPf,  
(一) 先说形容词,再说名词 8@Pv nOL  
例:The Medal of Honor is the highest award military for courage |*Hw6 m  
              A    B        K^EW*6vB8O  
  that can be given to any individual in the United States. 0:Xvch0  
      C       D    Dr&2q X!  
分析:B错,军事的荣誉是military award而不是award military,单个形容词修饰名词时一般放在被修饰词的前面。 }PD? x4  
}!x\qpA  
*zJ}=%)f  
(二) 副词+形容词+名词 M#UW#+*g!  
例:Certain types of computers work properly only }/Pz1,/  
          A      B     ^ 14U]<  
  in environments with controlled precisely temperatures. oIN!3  
    C         D Z  G3u  
分析:D错,应改为precisely controlled,精确的被控制的温度。controlled为过去分词用作形容词,修饰它的副词应放在其前面,它自己则要紧挨着被修饰的名词。 |\Nu+w   
D:4Iex9$F"  
`{#0C-  
(三)主语系动词, 系动词 + 表语 "8>T  
1^jGSB.%A  
例:During the 1600's skilled shoemakers scarce were A!\ g!*  
          A   B     C   UiO%y  
  in what is now the United States. YBehyx2eK  
    D 3 - Nwg9 U  
分析:C错,应改为were scarce。表语应该放在系动词后面。 F jsnFX;  
?RNm8,M  
所有的系动词分为三大类: CY"&@v1  
第一种:表示保持某种状态, d e)7_pCF|  
    is, remain, keep, stay, ;6P #V`u  
    lie, exit(表示位于) N8S !& *m  
第二种,从一种状态转变到另一种状态 >>22:JI`  
    become, turn, grow, 7L)edR [  
    get (It is getting warmer and warmer) [;~:',vHQf  
O|wu;1pQ  
第三种,感官动词 Va"H.]  
    seem(好像是) IsP-[0it  
    look(看起来好像是) {S[+hUl  
    feel, sound, appear, smell, taste OI/m_xx@j  
enough修饰形容词或副词时,一般放在形容词或副词后面。 '9d<vW g  
例: The eruptions of Mt. St. Helens were enough severe %8C,9q  
    A               B     i;Y3pF0%P  
   to cause numerous deaths. P5;n(E(19  
        C   D  f+3ico]f@  
分析:B错,应改为sever enough。severe是形容词, enough放在severe后面。 [&H$Su}$0  
CVxqNR*DN  
九、词性的混用 TEB<ia3 +  
词汇量的掌握对词性的使用非常重要,但是如果对出题方向有更好的把握,将会弥补词汇量的不足。 PH!^ww6  
%*:X FB  
(一)做表语时形容词和副词的混用 }enS'Fpf`  
做表语永远用形容词,绝对不能用副词; cl\Gh  
Ei$?]~ &  
例:Giant pandas, which inhabit restricted areas of high Ebk9[=  
          A        B       x&^>|'H  
  mountain bamboo forests, are rarely today and l  rRRRR  
              C SK][UxoHm  
  when they are in captivity they breed poorly. mE>v (JY  
          D 3$ 'eDa[  
分析:错,应改为are rare。rarely为副词,不能作表语,故改为形容词rare(罕见的,稀少的) "K Or)QD/  
}8lvi vR4  
C4,;l^?=%  
(二)加宾语时名词和动名词的混用 KCDbE6  
后面加宾语当然要用动名词 6x]x>:8  
例:Tilling means preparation the soil to plant the seeds sLHUQ(S!  
         A       B      6cQ)*,Q  
  and keeping the soil in the best condition to Sh@en\m=#S  
          C        ~ k(4eRq  
  help the crop grow until it is ready3 for harvesting. 'gD,H X  
            D B8G9V6KS-  
分析:A错,应改为preparing。preparation为名词,后面不能接宾语,改为动名词preparing后既能接宾语,又与后面的keeping构成并列关系。 178u4$# b  
@nNhW  
例:Langston Hughes, a prolific writer of the 1920's, )8,)&F  
            A       X:/Y^Xu  
   was concerned with the depicting the experience of Qnr7Qnb  
      B      C Yw!(]8PYdU  
   urban Black people in the United States. d*cAm$   
   D !et[Rdbu  
分析:C错,应改为depicting。 depicting在此为动名词,作介词宾语时不加冠词。注意此处还可以改为the depiction of,但略显累赘,因为后面还有of结构。The +动名词,这个动名词其实就变为了名词。 rzk-_AFR  
 MYk%p'  
_v \L'`bif  
####(三)表示时间时,状语从句连接词和近义的介词混用 v:xfGA nP  
表示时间有两种可能, S-Z s  
一种是状语从句,由when and while引导,后面加句子 "Vw;y+F}  
另一种是由介词引导,如during,后面加名词, QPZ|C{Ce  
考试中往往就利用这个特点,总是给出相反的情况 >cdxe3I\  
No(p:Snbo  
例:Balloon observations for military intelligence  W]aX}>0  
       A     B     ;Q{~jT  
  were made while the American Civil War. 2cu?2_,  
   C    D 9|K3xH  
分析:D错,应改为during。while是从属连词或并列连词,后面接句子,后面是名词短语时,应改为介词during。 <q<kqy5s-R  
wVMR&R<t  
例:Some of the most celebrated publicity stunts while the F-&=N {+  
   A      B           C    >I&'Rj&Mc  
  history of radio were associated with Gracie Allen. 84|oqwZO  
          D W6 y-~  
分析:C错,应改为in。while为连词,后面要求接从句,而句中显然没有从句,故根据题意改为介词in。 ->q^$#e  
Q[Xh{B  
+T,Yf/^Fn  
(四)对等连接词和近义的副词混用 LagHzCB  
连接平行结构的词叫做对等连接词,但是如果出现else, also, instead等副词把这些结构连接起来行不行呢?当然不行。 !$1'q~sO  
DX\|*:,  
例:Mary McDowell shared Jane Addam's interest in social }r _d{nhi  
                   A     )u67=0s2i+  
  work also was a loyal supporter of the League of Nations. D&C83^m  
     B   C    D S`?L\R.:  
分析:B错,应改为and。also是副词,不能连接并列的谓语动词,故改为并列连词and。 qy$1+>f1  
fx#Krr @  
例:Paper is strong under tension instead crumples 5U[ bn=n  
   A        B   C      t,4'\nv*  
  easily under the stress of compression. zh6 0b{  
   D &E+2  
分析:C错,应改为but;题目意思是在拉力的作用下很强,而在压力的作用下容易起皱;instead, 副词不能连接两个动词并列,but 的对等连接词和and, or的用法是一样的  L4 )  
16Gp nb  
Y [ p  
(五)表示人的名词和表示事物的词混用 r@v_ hc  
WN`|5"?$  
例:An editor is customarily a brief newspaper or magazine "(cMCBVYdA  
    A         B O\=c&n~`  
  article that gives personal comments on current events. :0o,pndU  
          C            D xz rA%1y  
分析:A错,应改为editorial。 editor的意思是“编辑”,根据题意改为名词editorial(社论)。 Bq 9 Eu1  
=, WW#tD  
S(MVL!Lm  
例:For centuries, music have played acoustical guitars, GL- r;  
         A eT<T[; m  
  which produce sound from the vibration of the strings. WiBO8N,%`  
   B      C      D V ub ($  
分析:A错,应改为musicians。music是抽象名词,意为“音乐”,不能表示复数要领显然应改为musicians(音乐家)。 VzZ'W[/7)B  
N{o3w.g  
(六) 只能用副词+数量词+名词;不能用形容词 6 OLp x)fG  
nearly two hundred students, 这里nearly修饰的是200; v5Qp[O_  
two hundred diligent students
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