该错题常考要点 /JEH%)
一、代词 lE?e1mz{
代词中主要讲解六个问题 H'q&1^w)
(一) 掌握代词的几种格 j72cS
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主格、宾格、所有格 Te[[xhTyw
名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books) W#u}d2mP
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(二) 反身代词 \#LKsQ
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当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。
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He killed himself. (他自杀了) smIZ:L%
He killed him. (他杀了他) 7/PHg)&
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例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating -fL|e/
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a series of indicators that could help tborRi)
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themselves to predict earthquakes. iN`/pW/JE
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分析:D错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。 %bDd
Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物 "{z9 L+
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(三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别 &\<RVE
在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。 R&ou4Y:DG
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例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies \RQ5$!O
that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the P2`ks[u+i
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Pacific. >x2T'
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分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。 wTIf#y1=9
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Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。 /jj!DO#
Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如:
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Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品 Nz!AR$
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例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined Y Nq<%i!>
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the word“normalcy”to express social and []dRDe;#
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economic conditions they promised the nation. 0HNe44oI+D
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分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。 29av8eW?3
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例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important :"QRB#EC%
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work is not poetry, but his biography, John $7BD~U
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Keats, published the year of her death. 7kJ,;30)
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分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell. n"dT^
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(四) Who和which的区别 }>0UaK
which指代事物或者动物,who指代人 j;+nnpg
who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物 @NyCMe;]
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例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who kXOlZC
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account for approximately forty percent of the body weight. }RyYzm2
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分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。 (JF\%Yj/
人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明 6'Lij&,f?{
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(五) that和which的区别 Ybok[5
介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外 \,_%e[g49
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例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it +Uk/Zg
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would affect society could not have been foreseen. F-ijGGL#
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分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见 f-23.]`v
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(六) 定语从句的特殊省略 IPY@9+]
Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, H>W A?4
Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when av5lgv)3
I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world. ,Z52dggD
way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which 9 s>JdAw?
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例:Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly yuhSP{pv'
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reason people take medicine is to relieve pain. ^(a %B
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分析:B错,应改为main。mainly为副词,不能个饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略 ya|7hz {
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例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has A!hkofQ
affected the way people in the United States----. ~xzRx$vU
(A) living and working nC2A&n