该错题常考要点 zwtsw [.
一、代词 )*ckJK
代词中主要讲解六个问题 cqx1NWlY
(一) 掌握代词的几种格 U[l%oLra
主格、宾格、所有格 5H+k_U
名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books) ;L2bC3
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(二) 反身代词 BA,6f?ktXS
当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。 p;$9W+H0
He killed himself. (他自杀了) M%xL K7
He killed him. (他杀了他) 'qAfei']
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例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating 5Q` n6 x|
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a series of indicators that could help 493i*j5r)l
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themselves to predict earthquakes. u=o"^
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分析:D错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。 JyC&L6[]Z
Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物 '-33iG
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(三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别 ^!o}>ls['
在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。 <[:7#Yo
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例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies
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that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the Qk.Q9@3W
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Pacific. 9+
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分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。 cO+Xzd;838
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Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。 e ]o'i;I
Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如: 7[v@*/W@
Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品 t
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例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined 8+
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the word“normalcy”to express social and xVkTRCh
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economic conditions they promised the nation. h@;)dLo0z
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分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。 \!JS
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例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important zf3:<CRX5
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work is not poetry, but his biography, John S1^nC tSF
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Keats, published the year of her death. uR:=V9O
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分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell. xshArJ&
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(四) Who和which的区别 & &" 'dL
which指代事物或者动物,who指代人 #~4{`]W6
who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物 Ni!;-,H+E
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例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who gX$0[
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account for approximately forty percent of the body weight.
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分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。 X
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人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明
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(五) that和which的区别 &[5n0e[
介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外 *D?((_+
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例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it ,u}<Ws8N
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would affect society could not have been foreseen. -BA"3 S
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分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见 bQwdgc),s{
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(六) 定语从句的特殊省略 D=r
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Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, Q[J [=
Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when 8 7RHA $?
I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world. >|a\>UgC
way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which >ik1]!j]Lv
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例:Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly Abj97S
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reason people take medicine is to relieve pain. `n
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分析:B错,应改为main。mainly为副词,不能个饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略 }{ n\tzR
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例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has `Kh]x9Z
affected the way people in the United States----. sFLcOPj-%
(A) living and working LeY+p]n~
(B) they live and work FZiZg;
(C) live and work bxAsV/j
(D) to live and to work ^J8uhV;w
分析:选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。 I> {!U$
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二、介词 DU;[btK>
介词是考试中出现的比较多的一个部分,而其中考的最多的就是介词的固定搭配问题。由于篇幅问题,我们在这里仅仅举出几个例题,在说明书手册中我们完整的列出了所有的介词搭配,这些列出的搭配在以前的语法题中出现过,只不过有的时候是正确的选项,有的时候重复考。 %N)e91wC
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(一) 介词搭配 [-\({<t3x
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例:The teeth in the upper jaw function together those %`#G92Z_
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in the lower jaw to cut, tear, and grind food.
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分析:和…一起,应该为together with,C错 mj@31YW
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例:The Allegheny Mountain range is rich of coal. RdgVBG#Z1
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分析:B错改为be rich in Q"%QQo}}
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例:The rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible to the Edw2W
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alternation of periods of light and darkness. 3?2<WEYr
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分析:C错,应改为responsible for。形容词responsible后接名词作宾语时要加介词for。 2Z)4(,
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(二) 最重要的两个介词 _1
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1、介词of 多余或者遗漏 y7z( &M@
例:Mosquitoes usually lay eggs, singly or in batches, on top stagnant water. GRT]aw
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分析:D错,应改为top of stagnant。on top of …是因定表达法,意为“在…上面”。 H\E7o"m
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例:Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has _ 5"+Dv
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starred in stage, television, and film productions on R`#W wx>b
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both sides the Atlantic Ocean. cJDd0(tD!
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分析:D错,应改为sides of the。 sides为名词,the Atlantic Ocean也是名词,中间明显少了一个介词。 >{5
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2、介词by [Atc "X$
一种情况表示被动,be+过去分词+by E!J=8C.:
另一种表示通过……的方式, by doing ,%[4j9#!_
例:The ceremony of marriage in the United States pu9^e4B9
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can be performed from a justice of the peace. (ChD]PWQ
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分析:D错,应改为performed by。谓语动词是被动式,performed的动作执行者应该由介词by来引导。 #HAC*n
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例:Along the east coast ,American Indian women's councils Eectxyr?;N
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could veto a declaration of war at refusing to SZhOm
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supply moccasins and field rations. $q_R?Eay
分析:D错,应改为by refusing。通过拒绝提供鞋子和粮食,表示通过某种方式做某事要用介词by,故将at refusing 改为by refusing。 < zOi4v0
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例:Algebra is the branch of mathematics concerned with DinPxtT?a
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operations on sets of numbers or other elements 3jZ6kfj
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that are often represented at symbols. lg$zG
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分析:D错,应改为by。动作的发出者应该用介词by来引导。 ;*2>ES
三、谓语动词 p{D4"Qn+P9
(一) 谓语动词的主谓一致 5!X1G8h)uy
①、主谓分割原则 9?<{_'
例1:To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle, wkUlrL/~
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America's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom. hk[
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分析:C错,应改为symbolizes。主语谓语用逗号分割开,主语the bald eagle为单数,谓语动词也应该用单数形式。 tDg}Ys=4K>
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②、与后者一致原则 v'!a\b`9
not…but, 强调but后面的名词, ' o_:^'c
not only…but also ,Wbwg
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③、与前者一致原则 aJ") <_+
名词+with/together with/as well as/including+复数名词,谓语用is, o1cErI&q"
中心词在前面,谓语动词应该与前面的名词保持一致 j>-gO,v, y
例:The athlete, together with his coach and },+wJ1
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several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games.
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分析:D错,与谓语动词与the athlete 保持一致,改为is eIRLNxt+v
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④、就近原则 Qham^
or, either…or, neither…nor, 3 @ak<9&
单数名词+or+复数名词+are 3RLFp\i"s
如果把句子变为一般疑问句,也就是把be动词提到前面,那么变为is y{dTp
所以注意一点: 如果是陈述句,靠后面近,用复数 V=:'SL*3|
如果是疑问句,靠前面近,用单数 'Vyt4^$%
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例:The structure or behavior of many protozoans are sl]_M
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amazingly complex for single-celled animals. uwz)($~bp
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分析:A错,应改为and。从谓语动词是复数形式判断,主语应该为复数,or连接两个名词时动词和后面的名词保持一致,behavior是用单数形式,因此只有改为并列连词and才能使主谓在数上保持一致。 ?c[*:N(
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⑤定语从句主语就近原则 At-U2a#J{
There are five apples that are red. Q09[[
apples是复数,因此从句谓语动词是复数。 e,t(q(L
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例:A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets tmQH|'>>
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carry a supply that last just a few seconds. a)wJT`xu
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分析:D错,应改为lasts。从句的逻辑主语a supply为单数,其谓语动词应为单数形式。 D#3\y*-y?
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⑥the +形容词主谓一致 dBz/7&Q
The rich are not always happier than the poor. /Mvf8v
The rich 表示一类人,应该用复数 9I&xfvD,
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⑦、倒装句的主谓一致 FoN|i"*l
改错题倒装句的主谓一致一般考两种情况: 0*f)=Q'
a. there be 句型 OCNQvF~
there be+名词+名词,那么最近的名词决定其形式 wne,e's}
b. between/ among 放在句首+be+名词,名词其实是主语,所以be和名词保持一致 Yt;MV)
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例:There are no known society in which left-handed people predominate. )h7<?@wv&
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分析:there be 句型由最近的名词决定其形式,society当然用单数,A错,there are 改为there is
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例:Between the foothills of the Andes and the Pacific nLXlU*ES
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Ocean are a dry coastal strip averaging about 30 F1*>y
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miles in width. Te"io
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分析:倒装句,are改为is Cd#(X@n
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例:Among the favorite attractions at the National Air and
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Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the film P3x8UR=fS
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presented on the five-story-tall screen. <cps2*'
分析:D错,应改为films , 主语实际上是名词,应该与谓语动词保持一致。 igCZ|Ru\
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⑧、百分比结构的主谓一致 3c-GY:VkLM
fifty percent of + 名词 =W(Q34
one percent of + 名词 $*^7iT4q_t
谓语动词的形式和百分比多少没有关系,主要取决于后面的名词,比如: 6AAz
one percent of my students + are 3#3n!(
fifty percent of my time is spent on working. f z'@_4hg
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这里要强调两个结构 Wf+cDpK
half of =fifty percent 5'OrHk;u
most of + 可数名词 + are %z=le7
most of + 不可数名词+ is zVViLUwG
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例:Nearly half of the ancient meteor craters has been D}-/c"':}
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found in central and eastern Canada. '{cIAw/"n
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分析:C错,应改为have been。介词of的宾语为复数名词短语,作主语的中心词half当然表复数,相应的谓语动词应为复数形式。 /2&c$9=1
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例:Approximately fifty percent of the package utilized y6g&Y.:o
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in the United States are for foods and beverages. &h}#HS>l
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分析:A错,应改为packages。从谓语动词用复数形式判断出主语是复数名词。注意food用复数表示不同种类的食品,beverage用复数表示不同种类的饮料,故(C)、(D)均没有错。 s
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(二) 谓语动词的时态 em y[k
①、主要考察时间状语
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例 The metal aluminum has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century. ,V7nzhA2
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分析:Metal, aluminum同位语,in the nineteenth century为明显表示过去时间的状语, 因此应该用过去时态,把has been改为was )~X2
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②、For和since的区别 9[#pIPxNK
区别一:For 后面使用时间段,since 后面使用时间点 1s\Wtw:
区别二:Since 只能用在现在完成时态,For 最主要用在现在完成时和一般过去时 A@`}c,G
I has been a teacher for three years. ]>!K
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I has been a teacher since 1996. Lw1Yvtn
I was a teacher for three years. 这种表达可以,for three years表示一段时间,was 表示过去做了三年,现在不是老师了 !M(xG%M-V
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例: Since 1921 the budget of the United States became Zj(AJ* r
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the primary responsibility of the president. F~-(:7j
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分析:A错,应改 In. since一般要求主句用完成时态,而句中谓语动词为过去式,其时间状语应与之呼应,故改Since为In。 x[p|G5
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例:Adella Prentiss Hrghes served as manager of !t"4!3
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the Cleveland Orchestra since fifteen years. Lj({[H7D!
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分析:D错,应改为for。since引导时间状语时,主句谓语动词为一般完成时;主句谓语动词为一般过去时要用介词for;而且一段时间用for, 而不是since。 gb1V~
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52. In general, prawns lived in shallow coastal waters or in streams. hPB9@hT$
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自然现象和客观事实用一般现在时态,live qZdQD
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(三) 谓语的语态 =jN.1}
语态主要表示是主动语态还是被动语态。 zpn9,,~u
有四组动词是改错题中常考的: WCZjXDiwJ
①、prove B`)BZ,#p
My advice proved to be wrong. 我的建议被证明是错的 [>I<#_^~
尽管是被证明,但习惯上用主动; k=$TGqQY?
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例:A majority of the reports received from people claiming 5vQHhwO50k
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to have seen the legendary Loch Ness Monster have proven to be N{!i=A
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mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked. 2QcOR4_V
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分析:D错,应改为tricks。并列连词 or在此连接名词,如果把D理解为并列句,不仅时态不对,语义也有问题,故将整个句子改为名词。have proven to be是正确的。 9.M4o[
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②、Locate,Situate )r?}P1J7
这两个词可以用作主动,表示把…放置在…地方;确定…的位置 bH nT6Icom
Bats locate obstacles.蝙蝠确定障碍物的位置 @gEUm_#HTs
这两个词也可以用作被动 Wis~$"
My school was located near the river. ;4\2.*s
区分locate的主动和被动比较难,但是有一个技巧存在:locate如果用作主动,后面必须跟宾语 ?zMHP#i
例:The center of gravity of the human body ---- behind the hip joint. H2 {+)
(A)locates 05#1w#i
(B)locating F,F4nw<W
(C)to locate &ywPuTt
(D)is located p4rL}Jm&
分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词,故首先排除不能作谓语的B和C。动词locate后面没有宾语,所以用作被动,表示“位于”,所以D为正确选项。 tY<4%~%X
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③、表示需要概念的动词 558V_y:
need, want, require等 ^/>(6>S^M
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My watch needed repairing Sv#XIMw{,
My watch needed to be repaired. [!uG1 GJ>
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④、表示人的情感的动词 /t57!&
move, annoy, surprise, please等 nNV'O(x}
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He is so moving. 他令人感到感动。 x /S}Q8!"}
He is greatly moved. 他感到非常感动。 [PM2\#K
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主动和被动技巧总结: ,eW%{[g(
如果句子中有一个“过去分词+by”, 如果断定它是谓语的话,前面必然有be动词 GW@;}m(
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例:The Tennessee Valley Authority has chartered by the 85$m[+md
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United States Congress in 1933 to construct dams, {SPq$B_VR
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power structures, and flood-control works along &X ):4
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the Tennessee River and its tributary streams. LVf
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分析:A错,应改为has been chartered。由信号词by可知前面的谓语动词为被动语态形式。 jl$ece5v
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四、非谓语动词 +b<FO+E_
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(一) 分词 .-c4wm}
现在分词和过去分词的区别 u#$]?($}d
①、用于句首作状语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 mt{nm[D!Xp
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例:Won its war for independence in 1783, the United States then x b~yM%*c
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struggled to establish its own economic and financial system. h$>-.-
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分析:分词作状语,主要看是主动还是被动,美国赢得应该是主动,所以A错,改won为winning ox~o J|@
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②、用于名词后面作后置定语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 XB^'K2
例:In the nineteenth century the Mohave Indians lived in q
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the Northern Hemisphere grew their crops on river bottom lands. #ym'AN
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分析:B错,生活在什么地方的人,人生活是主动,因此改为living D9=KXo^
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一些动词后面必须用doing t;}|tgC
对于加doing的词来说,考试中一般出现一个,下面这些词都是要加doing的,请考生牢记。 s4y73-J^.v
mind, finish, enjoy, celebrate, vjGo;+K
advocate, suggest df
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delay, quit 6 l|DU7i
forgive(原谅),tolerate, i(%W_d!
avoid, escape(逃避) kX7C3qdmt
spend+名词+doing; {M4gF8(M
have trouble/difficult/a problem/ +doing [I,Z2G,Jb
{tuYs:
例:Long before the dawn of recorded history, humans celebrated to harvest their TCwFPlF|
A B C D s^G.]%iU
crops. 45@ I *`
分析:D错,应改为harvesting。及物动词celebrate直接带名词、名词短语或动名词短语作宾语,故将to harvest改为harvesting。 &WuN&As!Z
N]Yd9tn{
例:Some experts have advocated to bring that country into the talks, *SbMqASv4G
A B O~#!l"0 L+
to revive the intermittent dialogue that began after the 1967 Middle East War. ;40/yl3r3[
C D r"3=44St
分析:A错,advocate 后面直接跟doing, 改为advocate bringing p?%y82E
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(二) 不定式 .LnGL]/
A. 动词不定式的省略 ;s = l52
①、help后面可以省略to O'p9u@kc
help do <SAzxo:I
help sb. to do 7?!d^$B
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例:A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid B?gOHG*vd>
A B Af~$TyX
the habits that might shorten the lives. b;B%q$sntC
C D kYP#SH/
分析:D错,应改为their. 定冠词在句中不如代词所有格明确,如果lives后面有定语就可以用the。注意(A)并没有错,help后面可以接不带to的不定式。 :S{BbQ){]
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②、使役动词后面要省略to, 这样的动词只有三个 ~k-y &<UR
make, Tt`u:ZwhF
let, ;LKkbT
5
have sb. do sth IYE~t
注意get不是使役动词,get sb. to do sth. [:
n'k
例:A conductor used signals and gestures to let the musicians a_^\=&?'
A B HYD'.uj
to know when to play various parts of a composition. Y!aSs3c
C D RtkEGxw*^
分析:let是使役动词,后面不需要to, C改为know _P#|IAq*
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③、感官动词 ('4_
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hear, feel, watch, see, notice, observe k
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see sb do sth. 强调过程 T#T*Zw"+
see sb doing sth 正在做某事 .Bl\Z
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B. 动词不定式的固定用法 D=A&+6B@-
(1)表示第一人 wyH[x!QX
the first woman to do sth. 1fp?
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(2)表示迫使的动词
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一般考三个, allow/ enable/ call, +sb. + to do kUb>^-
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例:Besides providing clues to the nature of atoms, mineral analysis
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A B E
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allows to speculate geologists about the ancient Earth. '0;l]/i.
C D +)AG*
分析:allow...to do是固定短语,allow的宾语应在不定式之前,即把C改为: allow geologists to speculate。 L8@f-Kk
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(3)表示倾向…的形容词 a
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be more likely to do 更有可能作某事 P_^ +A
be inclined to do倾向于做某事 J/`<!$<c
be lieable to do 易于…的 n1ZbRV
be apt to do I.(,hFx;
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(4)表示目的的名词, 7DogM".}~Q
一共有7个这样的词,这一条也是最重要的。 >a<.mU|#
固定的句式: oi7@s0@
the purpose , the purpose of sth is to do sth. zy?|ODM
the objective 目标 [C 7^r3w
aim ZL&qp04}
goal n:
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reason理由 d A}-]
function功能 T3.&R#1M8-
intension意图 VOsRAn/N
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例:The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was providing wD}l$& +
A IVnHf_PzF
large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. %bn jgy
B C D RZ?jJm$
分析:the function to provide, A错 `,*3[
lN
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例:The chief goal of biochemistry is for understanding the structure &ee~p&S,>
A MTh<|$
and behavior of the carbon-containing compounds
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B A1$TXr
that make up various components of a living cell. WM$
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C D CJx|?yK2
分析:the chief goal is to understand, A错 ,.8KN<A2]'
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(5) 其他同根名词 9!\B6=r y4
ability to do 受到be able to 的影响 !;v|' I
attempt to do 企图 K&]G3W%V
decision to do 决定, 受decide的影响 z (wc0I
ambition, Ykw*&opz
be ambitious to do <oV(7
effort oxA<VWUNT
Af2( 5]
例:For ancient people, myths were often attempts explanation 7t0=[i
A B C`9+6T
catastrophic events such as volcanic eruptions. 83\pZ1>)_
C D :Yh+>c}N
分析:B错,应改为to explain。 attempts后应跟动词不定式短语表目的,故将名词explanation改为to explain。 D_*WYV
&%DY \*
例:In the early 1960's the Civil Rights movement made great 8qT
ys8
A B X`>i&I]
efforts for registering members of minorities to vote. hx %v+/
C D =s2*H8]
分析:efforts to register, C错 *)T^ChD,
,m:.-iy?
)9`qG:b'
C. 动词不定式的其他用法 AJ`h9%B
(1) be to do 表示已安排好或者注定要发生的动作,属于将来时态的范畴 vJ[^K
She and Anne are to meet at two o'clock. M`!H"R 7
l'. VKh\C
(2)不定式的完成式为“to have done”,表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生,这个完成式通常表示一般过去时 B
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5
I am glad to see you. g7`LEF <A
I am glad to have seen your mother yesterday. )_S(UVI5
yesterday是一般过去时,修饰have seen. N
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(3) 形容词后面使用动词不定式,主动表示被动 Ma
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It is difficult to decide. @,7GaK\
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五、句子的结构 1 bU,$4
句子的结构主要考查四个出题方向。 ,Ah;A
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(一) 主语的重复 "e>;'%W
名词+代词+谓语,这个代词永远是重复的主语,永远是错的 >jLY"
例:Woodrow Wilson he was an idealist who refused to make any @:vwb\azVD
A B SRDp*
compromises concerning the establishment of the :{l_FY436
C D MH\dC9%p
League of Nations. ={&j07,*a
分析:代词he不是同位语,主语重复;如果是下面这样的主语,那么便是主语同位语 *P=VFP
A prolific writer, Woodrow Wilson 2eY_%Y0
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例:Two unique features of the Arctic they are z$. 88^
A B P}^W)@
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lack of precipitation and permanently frozen ground. })Vi
C D 7[XRd9a5(
分析:选项B中的they和前面的主语two unique features重复 jm/`iXnMf
e6$W Qd`O
(二)谓语的重复 \Uq(Zga4)
完整的句子后面又多了一个谓语,往往改为定语从句 I,vJbvvl!
~=l;=7 T
例:A paragraph is a portion of a text consists of `|&O*`
A B 5<Nx^D
one or more sentences related to the same idea. +#@I~u _}D
C D .}~_a76
分析:B错,应改为consisting of或which consists of。句中有两个无法连接的谓语动词,而且前一个谓语动词下面没有划线,故改consists为非谓语动词形式或在它前面加which使之成为从句谓语动词。 SoSb+\*@h
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(三)谓语的缺少 T+H!_ky`A
例:Most mammals to maintain a relatively constant body `Eo.v#<
A B cI OlhX@
temperature, regardless of what the air temperature might be. 1K50Z.o&@
C D GH$ pKB
分析:A错,应改为maintain。句中缺谓语动词,故去掉不定式符号to 使maintain变成谓语动词。 =MDysb&:
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(四)主句的重复 z_4J)?3
主句的重复总是考even, instead, during, despite等引导的句子, 但是实际上它们无法把两个句子连接起来,因为它们都是副词或者介词,连接两个句子应该用连接词连接 @Z:l62l=bE
=^,m` _1
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例:Salmon spend most of their adult lives in salt water, despite u>a5GkG.
A B C "'?>fe\qG
they return to their freshwater birthplaces to spawn and die. _ZSR.w}j/
D }y gD3:vN7
分析:C错,应改为though。despite是介词,后面一般接名词作宾语,而在句中它后面却跟着一个完整的句子,所以改为连词though。 |[b{)s?x
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例:Solar eclipses occur during the Moon's shadow <*cikXS
A B P.9>z7l{
sweeps across the face of the Earth. ]Gq !`O1
C D z9Rp`z&`E
分析:B错,应改为when或as。介词不能引导条件状语从句,根据题意改为从属连词when或as。 YNsJZnGr8#
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例:Even many early leaders of the United States have provided p9{mS7R9T
A B
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names for towns, only George Washington aWF655Fs*
C IF:;`r@%
is remembered in the name of a state. %n9aaoD
D iGB}Il)
分析:A错,应改为Even though。even为副词,不能引导从句,根据题意,改为引导让步状语从句的Even though。 C]A.i2o8
六、比较级和最高级 \
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比较级和最高级的出题非常有规则,一共有5个出题方向,并且每次考试必然考两个 f._ua>v,f
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(一) 比较级或最高级形式上的重复 #QMz<P/Gl6
例:The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which U-M>=3|N
A $qj2w"'
involves using a circular dish with a small pocket at the bottom. Ig>(m49d
B C D %1+4_g9
分析:A错,应改为easiest。easiest本身已是最高级,不必再用most,这是最高级形式上的重复 [d]9Oa4
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(二)比较级和最高级之间的混用 }0Ed]
例:The greenest and plentifulest leaves are the leaves of grasses. b d!Y\OD
A B C D
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分析:B错,应改为most plentiful。 plentiful是多音节形容词,须在前面加most构成最高级。 13x p_j
b4N[)%@
例:The more fearsome of all the animals in the Western Hemisphere
X!EP$!
A B C D :^h$AWR^f
is the grizzly bear. z<' u1l3
分析:A错,应该用最高级most,含有介词of, among, in 表示的范围状语使用最高级。 - 1gVeT&
;
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(三)比较词than的前面一定要有比较级 SOA,kwHRe
改错题中,通常会看见than前面有一个原级 Uw<nxD/+
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例:Film directors can take far great liberties in dealing with 7WzxA=*#
A B 4;2uW#dG"
concepts of time and space than stage directors can. dioGAai'
C D a/xn'"eli
分析:B错,应改为greater。根据后面有than一词可以判定前面的形容词用比较级形式,注意far, much 修饰比较级。 @-`*m+$U6
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(四)在as…as以及否定not so…as, not as…as的中间使用形容词原级 Dk5 1z@
as sweeter as, 这是不对的,应改为as sweet as >Y@H4LF;1x
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(五)the 和比较级最高级的关系 XC#oB~K'
①、比较级前面可以出现the, 修饰后面的名词 Y"$xX8o
the taller boy )J(6xy
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②、副词的最高级加不加the均可以 }4X0epPp;:
例:Although flies live longest in cool temperatures, it breed rEz^
A B +R75v )
prolifically when temperatures are warm, food is (A.C
]hD
abundant, and humidity is moderate. _Y m2/3!
C D 6Q5^>\Y
分析:副词的最高级加不加the均可, 所以A正确,从从句的主语可以看出,B应该改为they ?:eV%`7
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③、形容词的最高级作定语前面必须使用the, 如果不作定语的话,加不加the均可以 _+3::j~;m
例:Of all the Native Americans in the United States, yEy6]f+>+
A B C j.=
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the Navajos form largest group. es0hm2HT3
D hOK8(U
0
分析:D错,应改为form the largest。形容词最高级前面要加定冠词。 )D%~`,#pQ
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陷阱1, earliest, 有两种可能, ;722\y(Y
一种可能是early的最高级,最早的语言,the earliest language `uTmw^pZX
另一种可能作名词,表示早期,必须和时间的名词连用,earliest time, earliest ages, 表示很早的年代,很早的时代,也就是说,如果以后碰上earliest后面加上times, ages, 前面不用加the X2"/%!65{
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例:The belief in fairies have existed from earliest times, and the literature of many `">=
A B C
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countries includes tales of fairies and their relationship to humans. 5#z1bu
D 7
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分析:A错,应改为has existed。主语是单数名词the belief,而不是复数名词fairies,故谓语动词是单数形式。earliest times表示表示很早的时代是正确的。
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陷阱2,如果最高级前面有所有格的话,不用加the i"=\d
例如:my best friends NwfVL4Xg
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例:Salt Lake City, Utah's capital and largest city, is industrial ksm~<;td
A B C iN.n8MN=I
and banking center. tQ601H>o
D 43 :X,\~)
分析:C错,应改为is an industrial center。center为可数名词,它的修饰词前面应有不定冠词。 !p/goqT~dY
Utah's largest city, 题目中其实是省略了Utah's。 tT._VK]o&R
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2 ? 4!K.
例:Faults in the Earth's crust are most evidently in sedimentary >.D4co>
A 3iU=c&P
formations, where they interrupt previously continuous layers. og>uj>H&
B C D !TcJ)0
分析:A错,are的表语必须用evident, 为什么不加the, 因为作表语,而不是定语 [PbOfxxgA
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+
七、平行结构 6E}qL8'5x
改错题考的最多的一个方向便是平行结构 HOJV,9v N
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(一) 对等连接词 Z #m+ObHK1
一共有三类连接平行结构的词 wS3'?PRX
单一式: and, or ,but 9Gz=lc[!7
相关式: both…and, not … but, ]]Ufas9
either …or, neither…nor {f p[BF
the same…as;as…as, not so…as, not as…as E<*xx#p
such …as, so …that.. too…to, from…to, from…until, "J3x_~,[4m
没有so...as... [1H^3g
'
between…and, AT|3:]3E
not only…but also(also可以省略),Not only +主谓,also e@YK@?^#N
not only…but also(also可以省略)+as well, uXl3k:_n
3irl
(;v
短语式: as well as {+ b7sA3
rather than (而不是) Mrb)
other than (除…之外) _h1mF<\ X^
instead of (代替)
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考试的方式往往是搭配中有一个单词是对的,另一个单词却不对
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例:John lived in New York since 1960 to 1975, f(7GX3?
A B 7E!5G2XX~~
but he is now living in Detroit. "5$B>S(Q
C D jZrq{Z<
分析:B错,应改为from。“从某年到某年”要用“from…to…”这个表达法,不能用since …to…。 /;
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例:Even as he wrote copiously on so diverse topics FHI ;)wn=
A B BTrn0
as education ,politics ,and religion ,Lewis Mumford 8DaL,bi*.
remained active in city and regional planning. Dv`c<+q(#
C D 0#^v{DC
分析:B错, 改为such diverse topics as, 出现as, 往往要注意前面一半 Aq7osU1B
(二)平行的内容 0_t!T'jr7
第一、引导词性的平行,词性的平行本质上是语法作用的平行 SByW[JE
例:Photoperiodism is the functional or behavioral response of H}
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A B ;sFF+^~L
an organism to changes in duration of daily, seasonally, FaJ &GOM,
C D m`
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or yearly periods of light and darkness. u> 7=AlWF-
分析:D错,应改为seasonal。在daily, seasonally和yearly三个并列的词中,daily和yearly是形容词,seasonally是副词,故改为形容词seasonal,共同修饰名词periods,三个形容词的平行,词性平行 R{T$[$6S
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第二、名词单复数的平行 Ma"]PoP
但是如果既有可数名词,又有不可数名词,可以不平行 #>+ HlT
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例:The main advertising media include direct mail, ?FcAXA/J{
A B C *;*r8[U}q
radio, television, magazines, and newspaper. -3Vx76Y
D #;nYg?d=
分析:D错,应改为newspapers。newspaper为可数名词,在没有任何前置修饰语的情况下一般用复数形式,并且和前面的magazine平行,而mail, radio, television则是不可数名词。 v_-dx
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例:The Canadian province of Newfoundland has a rocky coast, a moisture climate, M/gGoE{
A B 'b{]:Y
and probably the best cod-fishing areas in the world. 9q[oa5INd
C D w+CA1q<
分析:海岸气候只有一个,但是钓鱼的地方可以有许多个,所以也是不可数名词和名词复数的平行;因此D没有错,A错改为have <e</m)j
)+ 2hl
第三、时态的平行 d-dEQKI?;
例:The poet Marianne Moore was initially associated e**qF=HCw
A 6,{$J
with the imagist movement , but later develops Y/zj[>
B WI-1)1t
her own thyme patterns and verse forms. #4 pB@_
C D 'SF<_aS(
分析:B错,应改为developed。句中前半部分谓语为过去时,与之并列的谓语也应用过去时。 s,&Z=zt0R
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例:Because the papaya grows readily from seed , ----- QB'aON\S
spread from its home in Central America and
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now grows throughout the tropics. DlMW(4(
(A) to be (B) it x+@rg];m
(C) the (D) its HCC#j9UN6
分析:正确答案为(B)。空格前是原因状语从句,后面紧接着是谓语动词,空格处明显缺主句主语。四个选项中只有B能单独作主语。注意spread是过去式,没有数的变化,因为这一动作明显发生在过去时间。spread 和grows为什么时态可以不平行呢?
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原来它在Central America 的家乡传播,现在在整个地方传播,now只修饰后面的grow j HJ`,#
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例:Ducks have been domesticated for many centuries ---- :E )>\&
commercially for their meat and eggs. 6G""I]uT
(A) raised (B) and are raised .5ha}=z
(C) raised as (D) are raised (M.&^w;`,
分析:正确答案为B。空格前是一个完整的句子,根据一个空格处如再出现谓语动词一定要有连词这一原则,B为惟一符合条件的选项。故选(B)。 q6V>zi
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第四、排列位置的平行 ^yN&ZI3P&
例:---the surface of metal, but also weakens it. l?n\i]'
(A) Not only does rust corrode |imM#wF
(B) Not only rust corrodes 0[?Xxk}s0
(C) Rust, which not only corrodes P
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(D) Rust not only corrodes )cMh0SGcM1
分析:正确答案为D。从but also放在动词前可知,not only也须置于动词前,故选D。A、B中的Not only位置放错了,C使句子缺主句,故排除。 S k\K4
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对于not only, but also的用法有以下几种: O.M>+~Nw
1、主语+not only +谓语,but also+谓语,正确;例如上面例题中的第四个选项。 |~mOfuQb
2、Not only +主谓,but also+主谓,正确 EDl!w:
3、Not only +主语+谓语,but also+谓语,错误 M\Ye<Tk
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八、词序的颠倒 <
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词序的颠倒一般只考一道,90%的情况集中于下面三个出题方向 4*cEag
(一) 先说形容词,再说名词 ,G?WAOy,
例:The Medal of Honor is the highest award military for courage j@3Q;F0ba
A B ">,|V-H
that can be given to any individual in the United States. oDA XiY$u
C D hT&Y#fh
分析:B错,军事的荣誉是military award而不是award military,单个形容词修饰名词时一般放在被修饰词的前面。 !")tU+:
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(二) 副词+形容词+名词 i^Y+?Sx
例:Certain types of computers work properly only A>;bHf@
A B &>W$6>@
in environments with controlled precisely temperatures. )e=D(qd
C D ' ;FnIZ
分析:D错,应改为precisely controlled,精确的被控制的温度。controlled为过去分词用作形容词,修饰它的副词应放在其前面,它自己则要紧挨着被修饰的名词。 S3*`jF>q
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(三)主语系动词, 系动词 + 表语 }9# r0Vja
1N#|
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例:During the 1600's skilled shoemakers scarce were 7p16Hv7y~
A B C ?*1uN=oI{*
in what is now the United States. ;yLu
R
D {
Vf XsI
分析:C错,应改为were scarce。表语应该放在系动词后面。 Ls$D$/:q?
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所有的系动词分为三大类: +-U- D?-
第一种:表示保持某种状态, SpLzm A
is, remain, keep, stay, b"uu
lie, exit(表示位于) bz2ztH9 n
第二种,从一种状态转变到另一种状态 ;!mzyb*
become, turn, grow, ]7F=u!/`<C
get (It is getting warmer and warmer) p;59?
k"T}2 7
第三种,感官动词 F|o:W75
seem(好像是) 7{)G_?Q&
look(看起来好像是) NMa} {*sQ
feel, sound, appear, smell, taste g1/[eoZzk
enough修饰形容词或副词时,一般放在形容词或副词后面。 ug!s7fo^
例: The eruptions of Mt. St. Helens were enough severe dGYn4i2k?
A B EyD=q! ZVZ
to cause numerous deaths. jk; clwyz/
C D @uqd.Q
分析:B错,应改为sever enough。severe是形容词, enough放在severe后面。 b8`)y<