北京大学博士生考试基础词汇汇总

北京大学博士生考试基础词汇汇总
Abandon The match was abandoned because of bad weather.
ban abolish abort cancel cross out wipe out put off delay
desert/forsake/ leave / cease / depart / discard / relinquish / surrender /quit/ withdraw /give up

abide We have to abide by the rules of the game. (abide observe discover adapt)
Her fame will abide for sure. Last/endure/ continue/persist/remain/stay

You have to keep ______ with the times.
Abreast/up catch up with go along with fit in with

absorb He was absorbed in a book and didn't hear you call.
engage/occupy/bend over/involve/be busy with

Abundant/rich The rivers and forests of the New World were abundant in fish and game

access In many schools, students don't have sufficient access to the library.
Way/approach/solution/answer/
Accessible/available/handy/ready/convenient/obtainable/at hand

His words are never in _____ with his deeds. (situation accordance according fit)
I'm in agreement with Mr. Moore. in agreement with/ be compatible with /comply with /conform to/be in proportion to

account He asked no one's advice; he did it on his own (account).independently
You have to take everything into account/consideration. Attention/regard/respect/mind
Give us an account of what happened. Story/reason/information/description/tale/statement
He has been asked to account for his absence. ( describe tell relate answer for say explain explicate)

acquire to acquire a good knowledge of English. Attain/obtain/gain/earn/secure

active He is very active in politics.
Energetic/spirited/lively/dynamic/excited/enthusiastic

adapt To our delight, she quickly adapted (herself) to the situation.
Adjust/accommodate/alter/vary/arrange/modify/make fit

accustom She is ______to living in comfort. (accustomed/used addict be familiar with)

admit It will take you half an hour to get to the station, allowing for traffic delays.
(allow/admit/accept/permit/receive/confess/ acknowledge/adopt)

adequate Their earnings are barely adequate to their needs.
enough/sufficient/satisfactory/plenty/ample

advantage The great advantage we have over them is that they are short of money.
Benefit/gain/upper hand interest/profit/harvest/crop/earnings/returns

Aim His aim is to win the game.
Purpose/intention/goal/end/target/objective/motive/destination

Amass He amassed a great fortune in twenty years.
Accumulate/assemble/gather/increase/collect/compile/heap up/store up
Mass/bulk/quantity/load/amount/volume/accumulation/pile/heap/crowd/multitude/pack/gang
Figure/digit/measure
ambitious These young men were ambitious for success and money.
Eager for/longing for/ hopeful for/wish for/crave for/be set on/be bent on/be intent upon

amount His debt now amounts to 1,000 pounds.
Add up to/approximate/total/sum up

The future of her marriage is supposed to be decided by the amount of money.
sum/measure/quantity/price/value

angle Try looking at this affair from a different angle. aspect
/view/point of view/opinion/belief/attitude/impression/notion/ idea/thought/conception/judgment
theory/outlook

announce He had to announce the death of Johnson before the board.
Proclaim/broadcast/report/state/declare/notify/tell/make known

anticipate A good general can anticipate what the enemy will do.
expect/ look forward to/await/foresee/hope for

anything The hotel is anything but satisfactory. Not at all

The apparent things might not tell of the truth.
apparent obvious seeming evident clear plain

apart Apart from his nose, he is quite good-looking.
Apart from the injuries to his face and hands, he broke both legs.
Except for / other than /but / but for / besides/moreover/also/too/as well/in addition

He was appointed member of the committee.
Name/elect/nominate/choose/assign/vote for

appeal I appeal to him for help. implore/plead/beg

apply Please apply to the secretary for further information.
The rules of safe driving apply to everyone.

approve Many people don't approve of the plan. disapprove
like/prefer/endorse/accept/think well of

arise The company's losses this year arise almost entirely from the new taxes.
Rise raise rouse arouse arise
Originate/ derive/stem/ flow/come/emerge/appear/show up/turn up

artificial/artistic Her painting is a great artistic creation.

ashamed /shameful embarrassed/embarrassing frustrated/frustrating humiliated/humiliating
Ashamed of having acted so rashly, David apologized to Amy for having accused him.

acquaint I'm sure Betsy is the girl whom you will be glad to get acquainted with.
associate/link / touch / join / unite / combine / connect /go with / run with /mingle with / relate

I assume that success is a sum of mistakes.
Assume think suppose presume suspect understand take for granted

assure I can assure you of my support.
confirm assure ensure insure convince guarantee pledge promise

You’ve got to attain the mastery of at least on foreign language.
Attain gain accomplish finish fulfill realize complete

attribute Jim attributes his success to hard work. owe ascribe

avoid You should avoid driving in the center of the town during the rush hour.
Avoid shun escape evade keep away from

The government has banned the used of chemical weapons.
Bar prohibit exclude forbid shut out block obstruct

bargain The dress is quite a bargain. bargain sale

basis On the basis of our sales forecasts we may begin to make a profit next year.
China has been following the foreign policy to develop relations with other countries on the basis of the five principles of peaceful co-existence.
ground foundation
Scientists say it may be five or ten years before it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.
As soon as before the second the minute the moment

You can’t blame all this on me.
He is the last one to blame for the accident.
Charge/accuse/indict/censure/criticize/condemn

board He paid 40 pounds for board and lodging. food /meals
board/ committee/ staff/ faculty/ crew/ team

boast You should not boast of your success. Brag show off

boom Production boomed.
Progress/increase/advance/thrive/gain/speed up/grow/swell/flourish/develop/prosper

brief It is a long letter, but in brief, he says "No". short

We are bound for London. Head make
The weather is bound to get better tomorrow. Likely going to
There are no bounds to his ambition. Limit confine restriction

call This situation¬¬¬¬_____________ for prompt action. (calls in calls at calls on calls for)
They have called off their engagement.

She was calm when I told her of the terrible news.
Quiet/still/tranquil/serene/peaceful

We should not doubt his capability.
Capability/ability/skill/power/talent/capacity/competency/efficiency

Before you decide on a vocation, it might be a good idea to consult a few good friends.
Career job vocation trade calling work profession occupation

There is no reason why we should not carry on with it.
Carry on go on keep on continue work on be under way be in process

case In any case I shall return in a day or two. If even if for fear on condition

center She centered her attention on the problem.
Focus concentrate fix

charge The charge against him was severe.
Sentence/ accusation/ persecution/ guilt/trial/ condemnation/indict /judgment
flexible changeable changing

If I had the choice, I would retire at thirty.
Selection/preference/option/alternative
No one came to claim for the horse, so the farmer decided to sell it.

cling She clung to the hope that he was still alive.
Stick adhere hold grasp

close The ceremony was brought to a close by the singing of the national anthem.
Listen closely and look closely, you’ll find it out.

A good employer gives hints to his or her employees without interfering with their creativity.
Tip information news wind message clue evidence sign proof key

combine Hydrogen combines with Oxygen to form water.
blend mix mingle fuse unite couple join

comment I'm afraid I can't comment on your work just yet. Remark
criticism judgment decision evaluation criterion standard remark

commit I cannot commit myself to any further expense; my means are stretched to the utmost as it is. Devote dedicate

Compare this with that, and you will see which is the better. Contrast
Poets have compared sleep to death.
She is lovely beyond compare.
comparison This one costs more but is really cheaper by comparison.
I have done little this year in comparison with what I did last year.
Comparable/comparative

compel We cannot compel you to do it, but we think you should.
Force oblige urge require drive press work hard on push prompt

He has formed a good habit.
Form/create/shape/develop/mold/compose/construct/design/devise/frame/arrange/build
Assemble/manufacture/produce

Next year, Susan has to take three compulsory courses. Required

compose The committee was composed mainly of teachers and parents
Consist of/ be made up of / contain / include/hold/cover/comprise

comprehensive /Comprehensible
She has a comprehensive grasp of the subject.

conscious She was not conscious of his presence in the room. Aware

Considerate/considerable It was very considerate of you to send me a Christmas card.
Considerate/thoughtful/kind/sympathetic
Considerable/much/important/great/significant/powerful

contend I would contend that unemployment is our most serious social evil.
Argue/struggle/fight/quarrel

Our journey was slow because the train stopped continually at different villages.
continuously vs continually

convey Words cannot convey how delighted I am. express

cope Poor Mary! She has so much to cope with.
deal with live with be put up with tolerate endure bear stand be fed up with

correspond
This word in the English version corresponds to that phrase in the French one.

count Her opinion counts because of her experience.
Matter be of importance significant

Don’t count on a salary increase this year.
believe depended count confide rely depend bank

critical If you really understood the difficulties facing the government, you wouldn't be so critical of its spending reductions.
Crucial urgent pressing decisive
Ironic faultfinding picky fastidious sarcastic

cure This medicine should cure you of your cold.
Remind relieve inform deprive rob break

It is not my custom to give in.
Custom habit use practice manner way pattern tendency fashion routine nature
The damage to the house caused by the storm took several days to repair.
destruction damage harm ruin injury bruise impact spoil wrong pain agony distress
grieve hurt impair abuse plague epidemic debris/trash/junk/rubbish

decline Steel production has been on the decline in these countries.
Diminish decrease fall drop dip sink reduce

deep They dived deep into the ocean.
She was deeply interested in classical music.

degree She has also affected but to a lesser degree. Extent

deem They deemed him innocent but failed to understand why he was lying.
Think/believe/consider/judge/assume/suppose/regard/ponder/contemplate/study/reflect/think over
A good mastery of English demands patience and enthusiasm.
Demand/require/call for

identical This copy is identical with/to the ones you bought last week. the same as

If only I were rich!
Only if I am rich, I can do what I want.

Immoral vs amoral
He deserted his family and was called an immoral person by his neighbors.

It was he that initiated this project.
Initiate/launch/start/begin/pioneer/found/lead/head/break the ice

Incentive The fun of playing the game was a greater incentive than the prize.
(excitement initiative motive entertainment)

We are in for trouble.
He know the ins and outs of the problem.
Privatization is thought to be beneficial in that it promotes competition.

A good teacher should be impartial to his students.
Impartial/impersonal/unbiased/neutral/disinterested/just/fairdetatched unconcerned indifferent

This car is inferior to the one I bought last year.
inferior superior senior junior similar prior

The author of the book has shown his remarkably keen insight into human nature.
intellect insight perception understanding comprehension wisdom intuition
No doubt, a trade mark pertains to a firm’s intangible assets.
intangible invisible

interfere /intervene If you interfere in /with other people's affairs, you will regret it.

He testified in court that he had seen the prisoner run out of the bank after it had been robbed.
testified witnessed justified identified notify specify

keep I can't understand you keeping a thing like that to yourself.
Please keep to the point --- we are running out of time.
I can’t keep up with all the changes in computer science.
If you want to fulfill your dream, you have to keep ______it. (to / up on)
Keep/have/hold/maintain/preserve/conserve/save/tend/protect/guard/sustain/uphold/bear/posess

They did not only lack water, they also lacked in courage.
Want/be in need/ fall short

large The dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.
By and large, the company has been good to me.

This is law and you can’t change as you wish.
Rule/principle/stamdard/formula/act/decree/regulation/legislation/lawmaking/resolution/statute

She saw a notice “ apartment to let”.
Let/rent/lease/charter/contract/agreement

She is the one that laid out the town.
He was laid off for his ill performance.

liable likely probable liable responsible accountable answerable
People who walk on the grass are liable to a fine of 5 dollars.

She liked the black dress and bought it although it was very expensive.
Like/prefer/fancy/take to/enjoy/care for/be fond of

The football match was televised live from the workers’ stadium.
alive live life lively living lovely

I am not sure of the exact location of the café.
Location/position/place/area/zone/territory/district/section/neighborhood/spot/site/situation

Recent research has shed/cast/thrown new light on the causes of the disease.

The mansion was splendid.
Splendid/magnificent/grand/majestic/superb/exquisite/marvelous/wonderful
/glorious/imposing/impressive/brilliant/phenomenal/exceptional/remarkable/miraculous

I can’t make out what she wants.
The ship made for the open sea.
What are we to make of his behavior?
Nothing can make up for the loss of a life.
He has made it up with her.

A frequently cited example of the endangered species is the panda.
Mentioned quoted referred to

mood I am not in the ______ for joking. sentiment emotion mood feeling sentimentality sensation sense sensitivity

nerve My children are always getting on my nerves.

Can you really afford this amount?
Amount/sum/quantity/number/portion
A (large) number of problems have arisen.
The number of books stolen from the library is large.
The marks were below average.
Average/middle/medium/normal/ordinary/moderate/halfway/regular/usual

The method is ok; the problem is the procedure.
Method/way/approach/manner/means/fashion/style/procedure/process/course/plan/scheme/design/

The mutual benefit. Mutual/reciprocal/common/joint

observe You’ve got to ______ the laws of the land.
Abide by/follow/obey/comply with

occur Has it ever occurred to you that those twins are quite different from each other in many ways?

We can afford to overlook these minor offenses.
Overlook/neglect/forget/miss/ignore/skip/disregard/pass over

own Do you mean you have left her to do that on her own?
He’d like a car of his own.
Nobody owned up to the theft.

This is a painstaking effort. Careful

They walked the path every morning.
Path/route/line/road/track/trail/way/journey/excursion/voyage/trip

peculiar That way of speaking is peculiar to people in this small part of the country.
distinctive / typical/ characteristic/ representative/ special/ particular / unique / notable/ particular

The government gets a(n) ____ from taxes
income revenue fund payment wages finance budget expenditure

persist It should be obvious to you that if you persist in bothering him, he will get angry with you.

I shall be very _____ if you could do me a favor.
pleasing pleasant grateful thankful pleased gracious generous

point She was just on the point of going away when Betty came in.
As I was in a hurry I asked him to come to the point at once.
There's no point in arguing further.
He made an excellent speech, and everything he said was to the point.
It is very rude to point at people in the street.
If/when it came to the point, would you sacrifice your job for your principles?
popular populous populated
A game that is very popular among/with these young swimmers is the underwater tricycle race.

The child showed great _______of mind by grabbing the falling baby.
courage calmness presence bravery boldness will

preside The chairman presided at/over the meeting last Friday.

Virtue will prevail over evil.
prevail triumph win

In private/ in secret / in person
Matters like this are best discussed in private.

They are privileged people in the society.
Privilege/ right/ liberty/ freedom/advantage/license/ honor

She gave him a prompt reply.
quick rapid fast prompt punctual instant immediate ready

The _______ of finding jobs this year are not so good. (expectation promises future prospects)

provided on condition save unless given suppose say
I will agree to go provided/providing that my expenses are paid.

put She’s put a tidy sum for her retirement.
They decided to put aside their differences.
She help her put the toys away.
She is putting radical proposals for the economic reform.
We had to put off our wedding until September.
We can put you up for the night.
I don’t know how she can put up with him/his cruelty to her.

Racial problems exist in everyday life.
Race/breed/people/fold/tribe/nation/culture

range scope extent His speech ranged over a number of topics.
Range/limit/distance/length/scope/extent/reach/field/sphere
reach All these were within the reach of the ordinary men.
Put that bottle of weed-killer out of the reach of the children.
He reached for his gun.

Her requirements are reasonable.
Reasonable/sensible/fair/logical/just/sound/rational/practical/realistic/justifiable
My favorite recreation is chess.
Recreation/amusement/entertainment/play/pleasure/enjoyment/relaxation/pastime/fun

They had to seed refuge from the storm.
Refuge/shelter/asylum/protection

I have registered for the English course.
Register/record/enroll/list/enter/sign/fill out a form

receive accept
I hear that John has _____ a new position at the travel agency.

red black A large number of American radio stations operate in the red.

regard Motion means change of position of an object in/with regard to the position of some other object or objects.
I have little information as regards his past.
She said nothing regarding your request.
Please give my sincere regards to all the members of your family.
Some people act regardless of what will happen afterwards.
They helped solve the problems in high ______ to the living conditions of the people.
(attention regard intention stress)

relevant His age isn't relevant to whether he is a good teacher.

Reluctant Today black children in South Africa are still reluctant to study subjects from which they were effectively barred for so long. Unwilling

remedy The doctor soon found a remedy for the boy's illness.
Cure/heal/treat/mend/correct

respect With respect to your requests, we regret that we are unable to assist you in this matter.
Respect/adore/appreciate/honor/admire/look up to/fall for/be crazy about

In this respect the film is a failure.
respectful respective respectable respected
Teams of rescue have been sent out ____ to look for the missing members of the crew.

His limp is the result of an accident.
Result/consequence/end/effect/outcome/fruit/produce/conclusion

risk He saved my life at the risk of losing his own.
He was ready to run(take) the risk of being taken prisoner by the enemy.
The future of the whole company is at risk.
Risk/chance/gamble/endanger/expose

They rose up against foreign invaders.
Rebel revolt riot

I’ve been on the run all day, and I am exhausted.
I ran across/into my old friend in Paris last week.
We are running out of time.

He ruled over his kingdom successfully for twenty years.
Rule/govern/control/dominate/head/lead/manage/direct/supervise/administer/order/instruct
Guide/influence/handle/regulate

scale Synthetic rubbers are now being produced on a large scale.
scratch He threw away everything he had written and started the novel again from scratch.

I’ll have to see about getting the roof mended.
We all went to the airport to see her off.
Her colleagues see her as the future prime minister.
Will you see to the arrangements for the next committee meeting?

I must set about packing now.
Her clear and elegant prose sets apart from most other journalists.
Let’s set aside my personal feelings.
She set out/forth at dawn.
He is set on going to university.

settle You should settle your affairs before you leave.
When are you going to marry and settle down.
Settle/decide/resolve/reconcile/mend

short All along he has been striving not to fall short of his parents' expectations.
Things couldn’t be worse financially: in short, we are bankrupt.
Becoming a doctor requires years of training ----- there are really no short cuts.
He never allowed his children to go short of anything necessary for their education.
His real name was Thomas, but he was called Tom for short.
The country is short in known deposits of coal and iron.
The interviewer cut short his guest in mid-sentence.

spirit The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak.
I went back and found them in high/low spirits
stock The sugar is out of stock.

They subjected the two suspects to a long and thorough interrogation.
We are subject to the law of the land.
Subject/topic/issue/question/problem/concern/test/plot/theme

sympathize We sympathize with him in his sufferings to a great extent.
sympathy Quite a number of people are in sympathy with you on that point.

attraction temptation
As always, I had to fight the _____ to take what she willingly offered.
Tempt/invite/attract/appeal/lure/seduce

thought On second thoughts, I am inclined to agree with you.
Electricity was at one time thought of as a kind of fluid.
trace Her fear of water can traced back to a childhood accident.
trade he traded in his car for a new model.

He grew very angry when he realized how he had been ____ out of his money.
trick deceive cheat betray fool

what he said is true.
True/real/actual/unmistaken/certain/valid/genuine/authentic/natural/legitimate

turn We came to an arrangement whereby the two of us took the young lady out by turns.
He picked up all the books in turn and examined them.
I didn’t need my umbrella, as it/things turned out.
She turned a deaf ear to our warnings.
He was someone to whom you can turn in difficult times.
We arranged to meet at the cinema at 7:30, but she failed to turn up.
He tried to join the army and was __________ because of poor health.
(turned in turned down turned out turned to)

I don’t think she is the artistic type.
Type/kind/class/sort/species/variety/brand/character

Whatever he said is ultimate conclusion.
Ultimate/final/conclusive/decisive/eventual/last

Because of the flood, the land yielded nothing that autumn.
Yield/bear/produce/ provide/supply /surrender/submit

This company of soldiers had ______ no women among them, so you could imagine what they joked about. ( virtually virtuously virtual actual)

By the way, have you heard that George is emigrating to Australia?
In no way can teaching in school be separated from practice.
In a way his health is much improved, but he is still not really well.
We must not give way to their demands.
You can’t have everything your own way.
He has done nothing out the way yet.
The bridge ________ and the tank fell into the river. ( gave way gave to gave in gave up)

We’ll all take a vacation in the mountains as soon as I finish working on this project.

shihuili	2008-12-08 15:04
Thanks a lot!

loiseaubleu	2008-12-22 02:56
貌似还不错一样，支持一下

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