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walkfreely 2008-12-09 13:27

英语倍数句型及其译法

英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样,其中有 一些(如下文中的句型②、⑤、⑥、⑧、(12) 等, 见圈码)很容易译错——其主要原因在于:英汉两语在 表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。现将常 用的英语倍数句型及其正确译法归纳如下:  @yt 2_  
倍数增加 S\9t4Ki_'  
S,9NUt  
(一) A is n times as great(long,much,…)as B.(①) `z}vONXpAX  
A is n times greater (longer, more,…)than B.(②) q9^Y?`  
A is n times the size (length, amount,…)of B.(③) f6B-~x< l  
以上三句都应译为;A的大小(长度,数量,……)是B的n倍[或A比B大(长,多,……)n-1倍]. a|QE *s.  
*p&^!ct  
Eg. This book is three times as long as (three times longer than,three times the length of )that one. _ktK+8*6`  
这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。 ]<kupaRQ  
"x(>Sj\%I  
注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than(as,of)B常被省去。 1Xy8|OFc[  
P +dA~2k  
(二)increase to n times(④) 1BQ0M{&  
increase n times/n-fold(⑤) Zc'|!pT _  
increase by n times(⑥) s\'y-UITi1  
increase by a factor of n(⑦) `^7:7Wr]=  
以上四式均应译为:增加到n倍(或:增加n-1倍)。 ic*->-!  
b7B+eN ?z  
Eg. The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year. ?YF${  
The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against l986. [%@2o<  
  化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。 D]IBB>F  
  That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times. d_Q*$Iz)3  
  那可使代谢率提高到原来的2倍或3倍(即提高1倍或2倍)。 . sM<6;  
  The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four. U;xu/xDRi  
  漏电压增加了3借(即增加到原来的4倍)。 #`W=m N(+k  
注:在这类句型中increase常被raise,grow,go/step up,multiply等词所替代。 bIgh@= 2  
o#qH2)tb  
(三)There is a n-fold increase/growth…(⑧) #6Jc}g< ?g  
应译为:增加n-倍(或增至n倍)。这个句型还有其它一些形式: s\[LpLt  
Eg. A record high increase in value of four times was reported. ;{vwBDV!'  
据报道,价值破记录地增长了3倍。 ypx: )e"/  
dj'm, k b  
(四)double (增加1倍),treble(增加2倍),quadruple(增加3倍)。(⑨) sI_7U^"[  
Eg. The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled. F{<5aLaYti  
这些机器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。 N XpmT4  
+nZUL*Ut/  
(五)此外,英语中还有一种用again而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法,如: 5%*w<6<_z  
A is as much (large,long,…)again as B.(= A is twice as much (large,long,…)as B.(⑩) BZK2$0  
应译为:A比B多(大,长,……)1倍。 0ZMJ(C  
A is half as much (large, 1ong,…)again as B. XZ`:wmc|  
【= A is one and a half times as much (large, 1ong,…)as B.】(11) :.k ZR;  
应译为:A比B多(大,长……)一半(即A是B的一倍半)。 `vd= ec  
_AFQ>j  
倍数减少 EIjI!0j  
Z(j{F<\jS  
(一)A is n times as small (light,slow,…)as B.(12) dBSbu=^$)  
A is n times smaller (lighter, slower,…) than B.(13) Lxv6!?v|  
以上两句均应译为:A的大小(重量,速度,……)是B的1/n[或A比B小(轻,慢,……)(n-1)/n]。 "- 31'R-  
Eg. The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom. j9d!yW  
氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16(即比氧原子约轻15/16)。 xl(@C*.sC1  
Eg. This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper. sIy  
这种薄膜比普通纸张要薄一半(即是普通纸厚度的1/2)。 Xa," 'r  
注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than/as B常被省去。 |?d#eQ9a  
5 c5oSy+  
(二)decrease n times/n--fold (14) sV/l5]b]  
decrease by n times(15) \\06T `  
decrease by a factor of n(16) OtJ\T/q,  
以上三式均译为:减少到1/n[或:减少(n-1)/n]。 +x=)/;:  
"T2"]u<52  
decrease常被reduce, shorten, go/slow down等词替代。 *>NX%by)  
Eg. Switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened 3 times. k|vI<:'p,  
新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了1/3(即缩短到2/3)。 YAVy9 $N-  
Eg. When the voltage is stepped up by ten times, the strength of the current is stepped down by ten times. R\mR$\cS  
电压升高9倍,电流强度便降低9/10(即90%)。 R!(ZMRMn  
Eg. The equipment reduced the error probability by a factor of 5. U!(@q!>G  
该设备误差概率降低了4/5。 HDVW0QaMu  
(三)There is a n-fold decrease/reduction… c$:1:B9\  
应译为:减至1/n [或:减少(n一1)/n]。(17) iD`d99f8O  
这个句型还有其它一些形式, ^Hrn  ]  
Eg. A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed. G(iJi  
发现迅速减少到1/7。 Vw tZLP36  
Eg. The principal advantage of the products is a two-fold reduction in weight. h.eM RdlO  
这些产品的主要优点是重量减轻了1/2。 5|QzU|gPn  
%FZ2xyI.  
从上列倍数增减句型及其译法中不难看出:与汉语不 同的是,英语在表述或比较倍数时,无论使用什么句 型(除了不含倍数词的again句型外)都包括基础倍 数在内,因此都不是净增或净减n倍,而是净增或 净减n-1倍。所以句型⑤、③表示的倍数增量=句型④; 句型(13)表示的倍数比差=句型12,且decrease(by) 3 times应译为“减少2/3”,而不是“减少3/4”。

kkkg 2008-12-11 20:06
多谢!!!~

hpmin 2009-01-06 17:30
不错,多谢了


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