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2009-01-27 17:50 |
2009年考博英语作文基本原则
一、 长 短 句原则 3#Hx^H sx0:g?F3j 工作还得一张一驰呢,老让读者读长句,累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子,相反,却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题: *xOrt)D= Q[k7taoy As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to ,&IBj6%Y It@ak6u? satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar. bu#}`/\_ NwdA@"YQ| 如此可见,长短句结合,抑扬顿挫,岂不爽哉?牢记! <99Xg_e BZE~k?* 强烈建议:在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。 l&4TfzkY U/oncC5 二、 主 题 句原则 FPu"/4v& 98os4}r 国有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感!相信各位读过一些破烂文学,故意把主体隐藏在文章之内,结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾,让读者一目了然,必会平安无事! /)PD+18 8]N+V: 特别提示:隐藏主体句可是要冒险的! G8lR_gD"! V(Ps6jR"BS To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly. t,.MtU>K@ wNW9xmS 三、 一 二 三原则 Vet7a_
2Ek6YNx 领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… 如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚,条理自然。破解方法很简单,只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。 EIwTx:{F lV-7bZ 1)first, second, third, last(不推荐,原因:俗) }xHoitOD
9psX"*s 2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐,原因:俗) 9(Vq@.;Z`j ]}cai
1 3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐,原因:俗) qDO4&NO F+_4Q 4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly(不推荐,原因:俗) QH6Lb%]/ n~l )7_G 5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐) ;5A&[]@^^@ Z^>[{|lIA 6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐) %lchz/ X|H%jdta 7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐) 0iW]#O/ jpqq>Hbg_ 8)most important of all, moreover, finally bh?Vufd%) =8j;!7p 9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况) TdP_L/>|J +}X?+Epm 10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况) -@G|i$! V{fYMgv 建议:不仅仅在写作中注意,平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚! ~-Rr[O=E _h7+.U= 四、 短语优先原则 f
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/'woc 写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果使用短语,有两个好处:其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点,如果老师们看到你的文章太简单,看不到一个自己不认识的短语,必然会看你低一等。相反,如果发现亮点—精彩的短语,那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路,只有凑字数,怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如: X4&{/;$ O%A:2Y79 I cannot bear it. ~o
%|#-S h/`OG>./ 可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. Vy{=Y(cpF2 U}6'_ PRQ I want it. )dG7$,g R*E/E 可以用短语表达:I am looking forward to it. 9IMtqL& ?)7uwJsH 这样字数明显增加,表达也更准确。 XY1NTo.= *(s+u~, I 五、 多实少虚原则 4*lShkL 4CS9vv)9R 原因很简单,写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西,不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词,少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候,不应该之说nice这样空洞的词,应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之类的形象词。 KB7CO: &m`1lxT 再比如: \)DP(wC e1S |&W8 走出房间,general的词是:walk out of the room 4/S4bk*8 wtetB')yD 但是小偷走出房间应该说:slip out of the room q+3Z3v . 3=WE@M *****走出房间应该说:sail out of the room RhnSQe $f*N 小孩走出房间应该说:dance out of the room ]P(:z c7q1;X{: 老人走出房间应该说:stagger out of the room ._~_OVU /0d_{Y+9 所以多用实词,少用虚词,文章将会大放异彩! p8oOm>B96n
2+TCFpv 六、 多变句式原则 92WvD XN5EZ# 1)加法(串联) vmv
k rF2`4j&! 都希望写下很长的句子,像个老外似的,可就是怕写错,怎么办,最保险的写长句的方法就是这些,可以在任何句子之间加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说: k8F<j)" (8qMF{ I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar. >:Na^ +c wP/&k`HQ#i 如果是二者并列的,我们可以用一个超级句式: `g<@F^x5 Ha1E /b]K
Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. VtUe$ft ,u#uk7V 其它的短语可以用: cZk?o 2xhwi.u besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover
Yewn Ah;2\0|t 2)转折(拐弯抹角) -X'HZ\) `ky<
* 批评某人缺点的时候,我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点,然后转入正题,再说缺点,这种方式虽然阴险了点,可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢,我们说话的时候,只要在要点之前先来点废话,注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。 ]iRE^o6 WM
.JoQ The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. s:7^R-"
8;ke,x The coat was thin, but it was warm. iE=Yh "=@b>d6U+ 更多的短语: 4*}[h9J}\ rmu5K$pl despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding !Y>lAx d <`i"5`J 3)因果(so, so, so) |!E>I &PaqqU. 昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩,然后我主动搭讪,然后我们去咖啡厅,然后我们认识了,然后我们成为了朋友…可见,讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序,先什么,后什么,所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系! z6ISJb k"&loh The snow began to fall, so we went home. _ui03veA1 `E+)e?z 更多短语: lT#&\JQ
T$T:~8tK3 then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that gKeqf-UWKJ .<`i!Ls 4)失衡句(头重脚轻,或者头轻脚重) Tm(XM< Zt4g G KG 有些人脑袋大,身体小,或者有些人脑袋小,身体大,虽然我们不希望长成这个样子,可如果真的是这样了,也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子,就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句的变形。#p#分页标题#e# ?%%
'GX "RMBV}<T 举例:This is what I can do. D9,609w "X0"=1R~ Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. w
F6ywr g\S@@0T{0 同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分: :Rv?>I j ;iR(
Ir When to go, Why he goes away… RO[Ko-m|/N HM57b
>6 5)附加(多此一举) ~\kJir kP~'C'5Ys 如果有了老婆,总会遇到这样的情况,当你再讲某个人的时候,她会插一句说,我昨天见过他;或者说,就是某某某,如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面,那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。 wmKM:`&[5 W,"|([t4.\ The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. CT,caa 'QGacV I don’t enjoy that book you are reading. KwK[)Cvv !$Aijd s5 Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. Ot}fGiio WeDeD\zy 其实很简单,同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中,但是whom or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。 L1=3_fO Y
$xO&\&) 6)排比(排山倒海句) u>c\J|K_V w}+#w8hu 文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此,如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话,那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句,一个个得对偶句,一个个的不定式,一个个地词,一个个的短语,如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势! 8 2qf7` j1_ E^ Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you. xw_VK1 n][/c_]q Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides. 06DT2 ].F7.
zi We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏) 1=BDqSZ@9 }s)MDq9 要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可! lyGQ6zlSn 272j$T 七、 挑战极限原则 m|q?gX9R HQHFD0hv 既然十挑战极限,必然是比较难的,但是并非不可攀! sX&.8 .5Y%I;~v 原理:在学生的文章中,很少发现诸如独立主格的句子,其实也很简单,只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会,它就是分词的一种特殊形式,分词要求主语一致,而独立主格则不然。比如: *9:oTN I9O9V[ The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills. s( @w1tS. F) w.
q Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China. XL[/)lX{ l;i,V;@t 如果您可一些出这样的句子,不得高分才怪! Y.I-hl1<r 6o@}k9AN 文章主体段落三大杀手锏: !NWz H /Idc,* 一、举实例 y*2R#jTA gfE<XrG 思维短路,举实例!提出一个观点,举实例!提出一个方案,举实例!而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式,任何情况下,只要我们无法继续文章,不管三七二十一,尽管举例子! d,=Kv EtN@ 6xP In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance. vW4~\] 1);$#Dlt
k For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her. b *IJ + [?)=3Pp 更多句型: gLv|Hu7 H+ra w/" To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, for example c>fLSf :T~Aa(%( 二、做比较 `x:znp} ' A^7!:^%K 方法:写完一个要点,比较与之相似的;又写完一个要点,再比较与之相反的; ||v=in }qfr&Ffh@ 世界上没有同样的指纹,没有相同的树叶,文章亦同,只有通过比较,你才会发现二者的相同点(through comparison)和不同点(through contrast)。下面是一些短语: 'Z2:u!E tB.;T0n 相似的比较: RAR0LKGX /nXp5g^6( in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner @k~?h=o\b 8?] :> 相反的比较: ~^/zCPy[w $mm =$. on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, … }_XW?^/8 :1u>T3L.z 三、换言之 ,CW]d#P| `;fh<kv 没话说了,可以换一句话再说,让你的文章在多一些字,或者文邹邹地说,是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。 hT6:7_UD GkMNV7"m 实际就是重复重复再重复!下面的句子实际上就三个字 I love you! 04tUf3> FD(zj ^* I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you. O%v(~&OSl 5_Yv>tx I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love with you. ~Wu Elns <[C9F1]Ya 或者上面我们举过的例子: mm$D1=h{| ^vm[`M I cannot bear it. x
( w <U1 ub6\m=Y7 可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. T(+F6d=1 ~C5iyXR 因此可以这样说:I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with it or I am fed up with it. n !
qm &n<jpMB 更多短语: x$CpUy{6 :{4G=UbAI in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more simply
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