fjluzeji |
2009-12-16 19:07 |
考博基础词汇 笔记
考博基础词汇 笔记 <NB41/ h~miP7,c<u F2>%KuM a8s4T$ Abandon The match was abandoned because of bad weather. ^M
Ey, ban abolish abort cancel cross out wipe out put off delay R^8B3-aA`
desert/forsake/ leave / cease / depart / discard / relinquish / surrender /quit/ withdraw /give up crn k|o P s#>y& abide We have to abide by the rules of the game. (abide observe discover adapt ) Y60"M4j Her fame will abide for sure. Last/endure/ continue/persist/remain/stay G5c7:iGm/c QIA R M|%c(K#E,3 You have to keep ______ with the times. arj$dAW Abreast/up catch up with go along with fit in with j Z'&0x"U l3J$md|f absorb He was absorbed in a book and didn't hear you call. a[C&e,)} engage/occupy/bend over/involve/be busy with bK=c@GXS -g~~] K% Abundant/rich The rivers and forests of the New World were abundant in fish and game 7~vqf3ON4J f\}22}/ access In many schools, students don't have sufficient access to the library. 1xTTJyoq
Way/approach/solution/answer/ gX*K&*q Accessible/available/handy/ready/convenient/obtainable/at hand )N)ljA3] hKksVi His words are never in _____ with his deeds. (situation accordance according fit) 4v qNule I'm in agreement with Mr. Moore. in agreement with/ be compatible with /comply with /conform to/be in proportion to )iSy@*nY /DU*M, account He asked no one's advice; he did it on his own (account).independently ;|30QUYh You have to take everything into account/consideration. Attention/regard/respect/mind treXOC9^B8 Give us an account of what happened. Story/reason/information/description/tale/statement 2
sSwDF He has been asked to account for his absence. ( describe tell relate answer for say explain explicate) Bp3
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&=zU611, acquire to acquire a good knowledge of English. Attain/obtain/gain/earn/secure V2Y$yV8g1 m2b`/JW active He is very active in politics. 3h&bZ Energetic/spirited/lively/dynamic/excited/enthusiastic 0QoLS|voA/ PU+1=%'V adapt To our delight, she quickly adapted (herself) to the situation. :[?!\m%0 Adjust/accommodate/alter/vary/arrange/modify/make fit =pp:j`B9( F^rl$#pCS accustom She is ______to living in comfort. (accustomed/used addict be familiar with) Zh,]J ` JZ K7uB,X
admit It will take you half an hour to get to the station, allowing for traffic delays. F+*Q <a4 (allow/admit/accept/permit/receive/confess/ acknowledge/adopt) 4oJ$dN Nza; O[ adequate Their earnings are barely adequate to their needs. JS7dsO0; enough/sufficient/satisfactory/plenty/ample O+FBQiv {^wdJZ~QLK advantage The great advantage we have over them is that they are short of money. @1.9PR$x Benefit/gain/upper hand interest/profit/harvest/crop/earnings/returns ][t6VA oD,C<[(p Aim His aim is to win the game. wlVvxX3% Purpose/intention/goal/end/target/objective/motive/destination sVoR?peQ ]xrD< Amass He amassed a great fortune in twenty years. (}0S1)7t Accumulate/assemble/gather/increase/collect/compile/heap up/store up 4\1;A`2%0 Mass/bulk/quantity/load/amount/volume/accumulation/pile/heap/crowd/multitude/pack/gang :gaE
Tr Figure/digit/measure R&!]Rl9hf ambitious These young men were ambitious for success and money. _n_sfT6)B Eager for/longing for/ hopeful for/wish for/crave for/be set on/be bent on/be intent upon h0XH`v LP?P=c amount His debt now amounts to 1,000 pounds. >Bx8IO1_\d Add up to/approximate/total/sum up >[P%Ty); -lnevrl The future of her marriage is supposed to be decided by the amount of money. LYNZP4(R sum/measure/quantity/price/value sDAK\#z 2_N/wR#=& angle Try looking at this affair from a different angle. aspect #%WCL'6B /view/point of view/opinion/belief/attitude/impression/notion/ idea/thought/conception/judgment mR,O0O}& theory/outlook k-vA# 6Ty
3e|do announce He had to announce the death of Johnson before the board. %-r?=L Proclaim/broadcast/report/state/declare/notify/tell/make known \-d'9b ? LUG9 #. anticipate A good general can anticipate what the enemy will do. dFMAh&:> expect/ look forward to/await/foresee/hope for OF-WUa4t _eh3qs: anything The hotel is anything but satisfactory. Not at all |G=FqAXH ?cJA^W The apparent things might not tell of the truth. l{QC}{Ejc2 apparent obvious seeming evident clear plain ,@479ZvvR3 `OBl:e apart Apart from his nose, he is quite good-looking. |C4o zl=O? Apart from the injuries to his face and hands, he broke both legs. [brkx3h Except for / other than /but / but for / besides/moreover/also/too/as well/in addition `xGT_0&ck tbS#^Y He was appointed member of the committee. Yu;9&b Name/elect/nominate/choose/assign/vote for :^5>wDu{ d96fjj~ appeal I appeal to him for help. implore/plead/beg ~9bv Wd1D +dJ&tuL:S apply Please apply to the secretary for further information. <ipWMZae0F The rules of safe driving apply to everyone. f
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Z4U0# approve Many people don't approve of the plan. disapprove C,(j$Id like/prefer/endorse/accept/think well of ,,7.=# w~p4S+k& arise The company's losses this year arise almost entirely from the new taxes. OFp#<o,p Rise raise rouse arouse arise my]P_mE Originate/ derive/stem/ flow/come/emerge/appear/show up/turn up :Fc8S9 >6w@{p2B artificial/artistic Her painting is a great artistic creation. |MVV +.X #U:0/4
P( ashamed /shameful embarrassed/embarrassing frustrated/frustrating humiliated/humiliating qR_SQ
VN Ashamed of having acted so rashly, David apologized to Amy for having accused him. 0:jsV|5B8 L-j/R1fTvl acquaint I'm sure Betsy is the girl whom you will be glad to get acquainted with. 7WXiG0 associate/link / touch / join / unite / combine / connect /go with / run with /mingle with / relate .a5X*M] ?,!uA)({n I assume that success is a sum of mistakes.
uht(3 Assume think suppose presume suspect understand take for granted OW?uZ<z X,&`WPA:S assure I can assure you of my support. V, E9Uds confirm assure ensure insure convince guarantee pledge promise =Z^un&' zI(xSX@ You’ve got to attain the mastery of at least on foreign language. ixg\[5.Q+ Attain gain accomplish finish fulfill realize complete x, }ez 2m|Eoc&M_ attribute Jim attributes his success to hard work. owe ascribe t2~"B&7My uwmoM>I W^ avoid You should avoid driving in the center of the town during the rush hour. :vw0r` Avoid shun escape evade keep away from eog\pMv *Rz!i m| The government has banned the used of chemical weapons. 0kkRK*fp}x Bar prohibit exclude forbid shut out block obstruct 7sCR!0 6Wf*>G
*h bargain The dress is quite a bargain. bargain sale ?.]o_L_K Og_2k
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basis On the basis of our sales forecasts we may begin to make a profit next year. 7Y
oofI China has been following the foreign policy to develop relations with other countries on the basis of the five principles of peaceful co-existence. 0TpBSyx. ground foundation @?'t@P:4 #8P#^v]H Scientists say it may be five or ten years before it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. .`:oP&9r As soon as before the second the minute the moment BERn _5gb XYz,NpK You can’t blame all this on me. Xw&QrTDS` He is the last one to blame for the accident. r)) $XM Charge/accuse/indict/censure/criticize/condemn EGp~Vo- @m
*&c* r board He paid 40 pounds for board and lodging. food /meals )pkhir06t board/ committee/ staff/ faculty/ crew/ team ykErt%k<n 23(B43zy
boast You should not boast of your success. Brag show off $)kk8Q4+K Q
`J,dzY boom Production boomed. QO1A976o Progress/increase/advance/thrive/gain/speed up/grow/swell/flourish/develop/prosper S3%.-)ib I!C(K^ brief It is a long letter, but in brief, he says "No". short wgSR*d>y*9 ]be0I) We are bound for London. Head make w>H%[\Qs The weather is bound to get better tomorrow. Likely going to \NvC
There are no bounds to his ambition. Limit confine restriction 23B^g o$[a4I call This situation¬¬¬¬_____________ for prompt action. (calls in calls at calls on calls for) rw}5nv They have called off their engagement. :IP;FrcMP ~pX(w!^ She was calm when I told her of the terrible news. 3iwoMrp Quiet/still/tranquil/serene/peaceful |k['wqn" !Vp,YN+yN We should not doubt his capability. D7gX,e Capability/ability/skill/power/talent/capacity/competency/efficiency .,d$%lN e4>L@7 Before you decide on a vocation, it might be a good idea to consult a few good friends. xVh\GU855 Career job vocation trade calling work profession occupation rw=UK`
1?e>x91 There is no reason why we should not carry on with it. s= GOB"G Carry on go on keep on continue work on be under way be in process M<M#<kD \gJapx( case In any case I shall return in a day or two. If even if for fear on condition 4$q)
e<- }]n>A center She centered her attention on the problem. ,
$D&WH Focus concentrate fix C-:SQf *$4A|EA V charge The charge against him was severe. >H=Q$gI Sentence/ accusation/ persecution/ guilt/trial/ condemnation/indict /judgment >zfZw"mEP -!bLMLIg Since the situation is changing, let’s take some _____ measures to deal with it. DO1N`7@o flexible changeable changing nY"rqILX? 6b+ WlIb If I had the choice, I would retire at thirty. _/z)&0DO Selection/preference/option/alternative @dT: 1s No one came to claim for the horse, so the farmer decided to sell it. ;*
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qZX cling She clung to the hope that he was still alive. kb}]sj Stick adhere hold grasp <p L;- S\{^LVXTMd close The ceremony was brought to a close by the singing of the national anthem. Y+"hu2aPkY Listen closely and look closely, you’ll find it out. d6d(?" xJH9qc ME A good employer gives hints to his or her employees without interfering with their creativity. !+|N<` Tip information news wind message clue evidence sign proof key GHgEbiY: Y=WN4w combine Hydrogen combines with Oxygen to form water. hO<w]jV, blend mix mingle fuse unite couple join |>/&EElD s?Qb{
comment I'm afraid I can't comment on your work just yet. Remark m^oi4mV criticism judgment decision evaluation criterion standard remark T>uWf#&pjs G}?P
r4Gj commit I cannot commit myself to any further expense; my means are stretched to the utmost as it is. Devote dedicate GFc p`l[cV
Q< Compare this with that, and you will see which is the better. Contrast D'sboOY Poets have compared sleep to death. IIt^e#s& She is lovely beyond compare. m|cWX"#g comparison This one costs more but is really cheaper by comparison. "/K&qj I have done little this year in comparison with what I did last year. )zLS,/pk^ Comparable/comparative M_.,c Vk HfeflGme* compel We cannot compel you to do it, but we think you should. t1{%FJ0F Force oblige urge require drive press work hard on push prompt f$S
QhK5` 7Ae,|k He has formed a good habit. 3f2Hjk7,d Form/create/shape/develop/mold/compose/construct/design/devise/frame/arrange/build (h>X:! Assemble/manufacture/produce \`%Y-!H+v Gv+Tg/ Next year, Susan has to take three compulsory courses. Required (#l_YI
- NUNn[c compose The committee was composed mainly of teachers and parents. O\8|niW| Consist of/ be made up of / contain / include/hold/cover/comprise U!I_i*:U H{A| ~V) comprehensive /Comprehensible jnKM6%z She has a comprehensive grasp of the subject. wrb& ta @G$<6CG\ conscious She was not conscious of his presence in the room. Aware .s*EV!SE +=H>s;B Considerate/considerable It was very considerate of you to send me a Christmas card. Am?H
kh2 Considerate/thoughtful/kind/sympathetic lnC Wu@{ Considerable/much/important/great/significant/powerful #`L}. bq&S?! =s contend I would contend that unemployment is our most serious social evil. @SG="L Argue/struggle/fight/quarrel \lakT_x 2GKU9cV*` Our journey was slow because the train stopped continually at different villages. ~q|e];tA continuously vs continually xv% US
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:E&T}RN convey Words cannot convey how delighted I am. express
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~B cope Poor Mary! She has so much to cope with. IS4K$Ac. deal with live with be put up with tolerate endure bear stand be fed up with Z#:@M[HH{ p'!,F; xX correspond =yhfL2`aw This word in the English version corresponds to that phrase in the French one. fX$4TPy(h 7Z~szD count Her opinion counts because of her experience. Ci9wF(<k Matter be of importance significant 14YV#o: [*ovYpj^ Don’t count on a salary increase this year. j~f 7WJ believe depended count confide rely depend bank %c/"A8{ eb rkc%S5we critical If you really understood the difficulties facing the government, you wouldn't be so critical of its spending reductions. >37}JUG Crucial urgent pressing decisive V+~{a:8[pq Ironic faultfinding picky fastidious sarcastic 5qfKV&D (C|V-}/*m cure This medicine should cure you of your cold. 5N+(Gv[`" Remind relieve inform deprive rob break M &EJFpc* "57G@NC{n It is not my custom to give in. poFjhq
/#( Custom habit use practice manner way pattern tendency fashion routine nature 7.rZ%1N -?` l<y( The damage to the house caused by the storm took several days to repair. w/W?/1P>q destruction damage harm ruin injury bruise impact spoil wrong pain agony distress 9+Bq00-Z$ grieve hurt impair abuse plague epidemic debris/trash/junk/rubbish kR?n%`&k XXmu|h decline Steel production has been on the decline in these countries. VgoKi Diminish decrease fall drop dip sink reduce [m[~A|S tS|zf,7 deep They dived deep into the ocean. jV&W[xKa She was deeply interested in classical music. FGhrf ]!o,S{a& degree She has also affected but to a lesser degree. Extent b=\3N3OX Cy'W!qH deem They deemed him innocent but failed to understand why he was lying. rWKLxK4oU Think/believe/consider/judge/assume/suppose/regard/ponder/contemplate/study/reflect/think over S%#Mu| A good mastery of English demands patience and enthusiasm. luog_;{h+ Demand/require/call for =C1Qo#QQ%
]=<@G.[= deny They denied her the opportunity to see her father. _!1c.[\T refuse decline rejects turn down #N}}8RL pvxqeC9` die She died of an illness; and he died a beggar. ?+o7Y1 k, The storms are dying down. 58U[r)/ The noise of the car died away in the distance. ^qr[?ky]& The members of the family had all died off. 98
nLj9 This species has died out. UpBYL?+L >&Lu0oHH Can you describe what he looks like? gipRVd*TA Describe/portray/illustrate/picture/characterize/represent/define/tell k-0e#"B PMZzzZ
They were determined that he make a big fortune in his forties. ,{t!->K Convinced/firm/sure/certain/resolute/serious 1&E&8In]$r %'5 wwl She was in his eyes a devoted mother. <
rxem(PPu Devoted/earnest/hearty/sincere/serious/zealous $R36`wk The sewers discharge (their contents) into the sea. nwH|Hs riU Discharge/discard / cast way / do away with / dispose of / abandon / forsake / desert / give away/ sM[c\Z] throw away/cast off/get rid of J3^Ir [ =J\7(0Dz4t display We were amazed by the rich variety of commodities on display. ]xs\,}I% Her writings display natural talents. zaPR>:r0 Exhibit show indicate specify illustrate demonstrate expose present Pfy;/}u^c
wt,N<L distinct Mice are distinct form rats. CKgyv%T5m: Different/unlike/varied/opposite/contrary/reverse/dissimilar ).b+S>k Long sentences are distinctive of Henry James’s later style. UQr+\ u Characteristic explicit definite candid unmistakable expressive direct 6h8NrjX VQ`O;n6/` The light is so dim that I cannot distinguish one object from another. qpCi61lTDJ distinguish tell separate divide "5bk82." He is one of the most distinguished scholars in this field. VNPdL Distinguished/outstanding/famous/well-known/noted/popular/celebrated/honored/recognized ${3OQG /prominent/important/superior VtFh1FDI\ &
2^V<(19 In the dark I could only discern the outline of the building. TA5M4r6 Discern/see/make out/observe/perceive/recognize/know/understand/detect/spot/spy/behold I}x*AM 7+ =r8(9:F! diverse There are people from diverse cultures at the party. different various comprehensive ]T`qPIf;yJ #^Y-*vf2 He refused to disclose his name and address. qB`P7!VN^] Disclose/uncover/reveal/show/expose/betray V;=T~K|)> T@.
CwV They drew up the contract and presented it to the management. @hv]
[(< The train drew in/into the station. pull ^,gKA\Wli draw pull drag push heave lift haul .b"e`Bw_= draw crawl creep linger on drag near be oncoming/ongoing @VAhmYz wVTo7o%U She drove her car into the forest. ),eiJblH Drive/steer/direct/conduct/handle/manage/run/work/operate/ride oR }
fA^ O Don’t discourage her; she is doing her best. Vs encourage =O<BMq{d Discourage/prevent/hinder/disapprove/keep from/try to stop EUgs2Fsb3 ?{V[bm The shoes are expensive but durable. $) $sApB Durable/long-lasting/enduring/permanent/endless/solid/strong ,MJZ*"V/3 5P4>xv[ It is your duty to go. |bh:x{h Duty/work/job/chore/assignment/charge/function/obligation/responsibility/office/role 4^5s\f B Business/job/vocation/occupation/task/assignment/position/labor/industry/employment/effort \BDNF<_ h4CB1K He is living an easy life now. comfortable 2iu;7/ Q1rwTg\ It is an economy to buy good shoes: they cost more, but they last much longer than cheap ones. 0M"E6z)9 economic/economical/economy 6S(3tvUr 'D
bHXS7N He went to a very good elementary school. K;Ktx>Z/ Elementary/fundamental/basic/primary/essential/simple/beginning/introductory/initial/primitive "6ZatRUd +W}f0@#)< Since 1975 the forty hour work week has been in effect. f%af.cR* The acid has no effect on the metal. SE\`JGA[ The new regulation does not go into effect until the first of March. pD{Li\LY A sentence of ten years' imprisonment on a person of eighty is in effect a life sentence. B:l(`G He is not likely to give effect to his threat. c{[d@jtO effect force power practice opBvx>S QeK~A@|F& She encouraged him to take this examination. X,p&S^ Encourage/support/back up/urge/promote/sponsor/cheer/inspire 2c}kiqi{ 3 . @W.GG8 end Some plays are so successful that they run for years on end. I|:*Dy,~ I must warn you that my patience is almost at an end. 9QpKB
c I've warned you no end of times not to touch that machine. L%"&_v#a^ I hope that everything will turn out all right in the end. )2a!EEHz He had approached every friend and acquaintance for help in vain, and now he was at his wit's end. i"-j:b:c< We ended the diner up with fruit and coffee. twJck~l~n When the reception came to an end, they were reluctant to leave the hall. } nQH
P4' The argument between the two men ended in a fight. )/BKN` , The government is determined to put an end to terrorism. {#7t(:x .AKx8=f He's entitled to a pension, but he won't dream of retiring yet. <4Ak$E%" entitle qualify authorize enable sanction empower U_w)*)F mCg 5-E~; The soldiers were equipped with the latest weapons. 7n#0eska, equip provide PoC2
4#vS IqmavnM# They have the exclusive right to do the advertisements for this company. inclusive h.DQ6!?;s )xi|BqQz My wife has been exerting a lot of pressure on me to change my job. B64%|
S exert practice exercise impose avail aFhsRE?YC= 5t0$nKah] He is one of the greatest contemporary writers. Wc(?ezn Existing living contemporary lately—later---late---latter current recent @%RDw*L(
}UX >O He must face up to the fact that he is no longer young. live face come a-hF/~84S: Hd4&"oeY Devotion is essential for work.
[j&>dE Necessary/vital/fundamental/required/crucial/critical/important/fatal/indispensable #B54p@.} Compulsory/obligatory/imperative/urgent puDy&T (R.k.,z Nothing is everlasting. +-5CM0
*& Forever/endless/perpetual/eternal/permanent/constant/infinite/continual/for good a}MOhM6T 7quhp\ The bird extended its wings in flight. <TDgv%eg0 Stretch/lengthen/increase/expand/broaden/spread/enlarge/magnify Pf]L`haGN aY6]NpT Her nose is a very attractive feature. he
9qWL&^G Feature/looks/appearance/characteristic/trait/mark Z#d_<e? d[jxU/.p; Are you in favor of women taking part in politics?
!k Hpw2 In the favor 9].!mpR The international situation is favorable to us. Advantageous 3xbA]u;gp |7%M:7Q Panic swept through the swimmers as they caught sight of a huge shark approaching menacingly. v;irk<5 Tension Excitement Fear Nervousness fuss ado chaos confusion turmoil riot km.xy_v o)sr
E5 After Tom passed his driving test he filled in/out an application for his driving license. 4,UvTw*2z The children hid in the house and ate their fill. 9qW^@5
m The price of vegetables fluctuates according to the weather. E2 #XXc wavers vibrates swings fluctuates hesitates quakes trembles shudders 3<#4 NmVc2V]I There are fine distinctions between the two. r C$ckug fine/minute/delicate/detailed/small/tiny/slight/insignificant pv;}Sv$
]- xLX:>64'o> Michael found it difficult to get his British jokes across to American audience. ' !ZFK
} Understand comprehend catch on get px".pYr0 JM@MNS_||( He gave a gift for my birthday. j8_WEjG Give/present/offer/bestow/donate/grant/contribute/award/provide/supply/deliver/deal out ['e8Xz0 /hand out/turn in 9!}&&]Q` mO(m%3 He had a good house, a good wife and a good job. K9:I8E< Good/desirable/right/appropriate/suitable/becoming/satisfying/decent =T|Z[/fto rq:R6e
They grouped together in fours. Xq` '^) Arrange/assemble/organize/classify/sort/collect/grade/rank/value/evaluate/catorgerize/estimate 2a3i]e5Kt #0zMPh /U} When he was young, he always _______ around and did not care about what was happening around him. Hang loaf loiter |
Rf4^vN y?zNxk/p hit She hit on a good title for her new novel. Come across
2aNCcZw0 Her new film is quite a hit. success Z4b<$t[u The rent increase will hit the pockets of the poor. Affect ckHHD| mhv
{6v hold She held back, not knowing how to break the terrible news. @rB!47! I think he is holding something back; he knows more that he admits. 0sD"Hu She always holds to her convictions. \'q 9,tP The forthcoming talks hold out the hope of real arms reduction. {R5Q{]dK3 Road works on the highway are holding up traffic. xxL D8?@e7 There was something wrong with the traffic signal. Our bus was ______ for nearly half an hour. xPl+
rsU A. held on B. held back C. held out D. held up :<=A1>&8 eZ'J,; identical This copy is identical with/to the ones you bought last week. the same as ?ey!wcv~ ts
af|xe If only I were rich! 0pYO-@E Only if I am rich, I can do what I want. .'.#bH9K _ +q.R Immoral vs amoral z%Pbs[*C He deserted his family and was called an immoral person by his neighbors. =BzyI -!zyit5B It was he that initiated this project. ~M7
J{hK Initiate/launch/start/begin/pioneer/found/lead/head/break the ice ]A+q:kP ,<!_MNw[ Incentive The fun of playing the game was a greater incentive than the prize. V4@HIM (excitement initiative motive entertainment) Z#0hh%E"|y BIovPvq;i We are in for trouble. WP{!|d& He know the ins and outs of the problem. zX*+J"x Privatization is thought to be beneficial in that it promotes competition. nKPvAe( %P05k A good teacher should be impartial to his students. 8#b>4Dx Impartial/impersonal/unbiased/neutral/disinterested/just/fairdetatched unconcerned indifferent tai j[2?}? This car is inferior to the one I bought last year. o0t/ inferior superior senior junior similar prior unn2MP' _o'_ z ] The author of the book has shown his remarkably keen insight into human nature. zfAHE{c intellect insight perception understanding comprehension wisdom intuition OY$P8y3MY 0tV"
X No doubt, a trade mark pertains to a firm’s intangible assets. ,I# X[^/ intangible invisible
;/.ZjTRw 9*wS}A&Jh interfere /intervene If you interfere in /with other people's affairs, you will regret it. c}(fmJB&( mNUc g{+/ He testified in court that he had seen the prisoner run out of the bank after it had been robbed. t<'-?B2g testified witnessed justified identified notify specify ^}nz^+R v}w=I}<x keep I can't understand you keeping a thing like that to yourself. +o&&5&H
R Please keep to the point --- we are running out of time. DxX333vC I can’t keep up with all the changes in computer science. I[b@U<\ If you want to fulfill your dream, you have to keep ______it. (to / up on) K5(:UIWx Keep/have/hold/maintain/preserve/conserve/save/tend/protect/guard/sustain/uphold/bear/posess CYlZ< | |