北京化工大学2010年博士研究生英语入学考试样题及答案

注意事项

1. 答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题册上的均不给分。
2. 多项选择题的答案只能选一个答案，多选作废。选定答案后，用铅笔在相应的字母的中部划一条横线。修改时必须先用橡皮擦净后，再填涂其它选项。正确方法是：A  B  C  D 。
3. 辨错改错、汉译英和作文用钢笔或圆珠笔写在试卷二的答题纸上。
4. 请在150分钟内答完全部试题，不得拖延时间。
试卷一
Part I  LISTENING COMPREHENSION (20 minutes, 20 points)
Section A
Directions:  In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Example: You will hear:
        You will read: A) 2 hours.  B) 3 hours.  C) 4 hours.  D) 5 hours.
From the conversation we know that the two are talking about some work they will start at 9 o'clock in the morning and have to finish by 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D) "5 hours" is the correct answer. You should choose [D] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.

1. A. She knows where Martha has gone.
  B. Martha will go to the concert by herself.
  C. It is quite possible for the man to find Martha.
  D. The man is going to meet Martha at the concert.

2. A. The air pollution is caused by the development of industry.
  B. The city was poor because there wasn't much industry then.
  C. The woman's exaggerating the seriousness of the pollution.
  D. He might move to another city very soon.

3. A. The man should work harder to improve his grades.
  B. The man will benefit from the effort he's put in.
  C. It serves the man right to get a poor grade.
  D. It was unfair of the teacher to give the man a C.

4. A. She can make a reservation at the restaurant.
  B. The man should decide where to eat.
  C. She already has plans for Saturday night.
  D. The man should ask his brother for suggestions.

5. A. The man deserved the award.
  B. The woman helped the man succeed.
  C. The man is thankful to the woman for her assistance.
  D. The woman worked hard and was given an award.

6. A. Voluntary work can help the man establish connections with the community.
  B. The man's voluntary work has left him little room in his schedule.
  C. Voluntary work with the environment council requires a time commitment.
  D. A lot of people have signed up for voluntary work with the environment council.
7. A. The patient must receive treatment regularly.
  B. The patient can't leave the hospital until the bleeding stops.
  C. The patient's husband can attend to the business in her place.
  D. The patient must take a good rest and forget about her business.

8. A. Alice does not know much about electronics.
  B. Alice is unlikely to find a job anywhere.
  C. Alice is not interested in anything but electronics.
  D. Alice is likely to find a job in an electronics company.

9. A. Jimmy is going to set out tonight.
  B. Jimmy has not decided on his journey.
  C. There is no need to have a farewell dinner.
  D. They may have a dinner when Jimmy's back.

10. A. The woman had been planning for the conference.
   B. The woman called the man but the line was busy.
   C. The woman didn't come back until midnight.
   D. The woman had guests all evening.
Section B
Directions:  In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D.. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.
11. A. They are delighted because they can enjoy the scenery while driving.
   B. They are frightened because traffic accidents are frequent.
   C. They are irritated because the bridge is jammed with cars.
   D. They are pleased because it saves them much time.

12. A. They don't have their own cars to drive to work.
   B. Many of them are romantic by temperament.
   C. Most of them enjoy the drinks on the boat.
   D. They tend to be more friendly to each other.

13. A. Many welcome the idea of having more bars on board.
   B. Many prefer the ferry to maintain its present speed.
   C. Some suggest improving the design of the deck.
   D. Some object to using larger luxury boats.
Passage Two
Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.

14. A. Coca Cola.          B. Sausage.  C. Milk.          D. Fried chicken.

15. A. He has had thirteen decayed teeth.
   B. He doesn't have a single decayed tooth.
   C. He has fewer decayed teeth than other people of his age.
   D. He never had a single tooth pulled out before he was fifty.

16. A. Brush your teeth right before you go to bed in the evening.
   B. Have as few of your teeth pulled out as possible.
   C. Have your teeth X-rayed at regular intervals.
   D. Clean your teeth shortly after eating.
Passage Three
Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.

17. A. A visit to a prison.
   B. The influence of his father.
   C. A talk with some miserable slaves.
   D. His experience in the war between France and Austria.

18. A. He sent surgeons to serve in the army.
   B. He provided soldiers with medical supplies.
   C. He recruited volunteers to care for the wounded.
   D. He helped to flee the prisoners of war.

19. A. All men are created equal.
   B. The wounded and dying should be treated for free.
   C. A wounded soldier should surrender before he receives any medical treatment.
   D.A suffering person is entitled to help regardless of race, religion or political beliefs.

20. A. To honor Swiss heroes who died in the war.
   B. To show Switzerland was neutral.
   C. To pay tribute to Switzerland.
   D. To show gratitude to the Swiss government for its financial support.

Part II  Vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points)
Directions: In this section, there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence or replaces the underlined part. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.

21. After the gunshot at Columbine in Colorado, the ________ suggested that many schools in the United States were full of drugs and weapons.
  A. press          B. medium   C. channel          D. media
22. Thanks to modern technology, these results could prove ________ in establishing the criminal’s identity.
  A. decisive      B. exact       C. destructive     D. definite
23. We were most flattered to find that we had a wonderfully _________ audience for last night’s performance.
   A. responsive           B. responsible        C. reflected         D. reactive
24. The recent fraud scandal involved and discredited a number of the country’s most _______ politicians.
   A. imminent   B. superior   C. prominent          D. inferior
25. Some journalist had written a(n) ________ about him in which some of the facts were untrue.
   A. outlook     B. profile     C. appearance        D. performance
26. According to the recent census, under-18s ________ nearly 95% of the single children in Chinese families.
   A. compose   B. institute   C. propose          D. constitute
27. The professor found himself constantly _______ the question: “How could anyone do these things?”
      A. presiding       B. poring       C. pondering    D. presuming
28. Weeks _______ before anyone was arrested in connection with the bank robbery.
      A. terminated      B. elapsed     C. overlapped   D. expired
29.  In order to prevent stress from being set up in the metal, expansion joints are fitted which _______ the stress by allowing the pipe to expand or contract freely.
      A. relieve         B. reconcile   C. reclaim        D. rectify
30.  How much of your country’s electrical supply is _______ from water power?
      A. deduced        B. detached   C. derived         D. declined
31.  She had recently left a job and had helped herself to copies of the company’s client data, which she intended to _______ in starting her own business.
      A. dwell on       B. come upon           C. base on   D. draw upon
32. His attempts to _______ the two friends failed because they had complete faith in each other.
   A. alienate     B. abuse      C. alleviate                D. abandon
33. As the old empires were broken up and new states were formed, new official tongues began to _____ at an increasing rate.
　A. bring up      B. build up           C. spring up　   D. strike up
34. Many patients insist on having watches with them in hospital, _____ they have no schedules to keep.
   A. even though        B. for       C. as if             D. since
35. Grand Teton Aational Park embraces the most scenic portion of the glaciated, snow-covered Teton Range.
   A. constitutes          B. consists          C. preserves          D. includes
36. Malaria is an infectious parasitic disease that can be either acute or chronic and is frequently recurrent.
   A. recovering           B. recycling        C. rebounding        D. revitalizing
37. The only safe way of distinguishing between edible and poisonous mushrooms is to learn to identify the individual species.
   A. assure       B. classify          C. confirm   D. recognize
38. When an aircraft travels at subsonic speeds the sounds that it generates extend in all directions.
   A. gives out   B. gives away     C. gives off           D. gives about
39. Lovebirds are noted for their pretty colors and affectionate response to each other.
   A. fond         B. benevolent      C. intimate   D. attached
40. Our new boss is a real joy to work for. She is so appreciative of anything you do for her.
   A. indebted to          B. appealing to    C. grateful for        D. obliged to

Part III Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points)
Directions: There are 6 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You must decide one the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

Passage One
    Americans today don’t place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education —— not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren’t difficult to find. “Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,” says education writer Diane Ravitch.
   “Schools could be a counterbalance.” Ravitch’s latest book, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.
   But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, “We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society.”
   “Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,” writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism in American life, a Pulitzer Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book.
    Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: “We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.” Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized — going to school and learning to read — so he can preserve his innate goodness.
   Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines.
    School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our country’s educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise.”
41. What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?
   A. The habit of thinking independently.
   B. Profound knowledge of the world.
   C. Practical abilities for future career.
   D. The confidence in intellectual pursuits.
42. We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of ________.
   A. undervaluing intellect   B. favoring intellectualism
   C. supporting school reform       D. suppressing native intelligence
43. The views of Ravitch and Emerson on schooling are _________.
   A. identical           B. similar            C. complementary         D. opposite
44. Emerson, according to the text, is probably
   A. a pioneer of education reform.              B. an opponent of intellectualism.
   C. a scholar in favor of intellect.             D. an advocate of regular schooling.
45. What does the author think of intellect?
   A. It is second to intelligence.           B. It evolves from common sense.
   C. It is to be pursued.           D. It underlies power.

Passage Two
   Some houses are designed to be smart. Others have smart designs. An example of the second type of house won an Award of Excellence from the American Institute of Architects.
  　Located on the shore of Sullivan's Island off the coast of South Carolina, the award-winning cube-shaped beach house was built to replace one smashed to pieces by Hurricane Hugo 10 years ago. In September 1989, Hugo struck South Carolina, killing 18 people and damaging or destroying 36,000 homes in the state.
Before Hugo, many new houses built along South Carolina's shoreline were poorly constructed, and enforcement of building codes wasn't strict, according to architect Ray Huff, who created the cleverly-designed beach house. In Hugo's wake, all new shoreline houses are required to meet stricter, better-enforced codes. The new beach house on Sullivan's Island should be able to withstand a Category 3 hurricane with peak winds of 179 to 209 kilometers per hour.
　At first sight, the house on Sullivan's Island looks anything but hurricane-proof. Its redwood shell makes it resemble "a large party lantern" at night, according to one observer. But looks can be deceiving. The house's wooden frame is reinforced with long steel rods to give it extra strength.
   To further protect the house from hurricane damage, Huff raised it 2.7 meters off the ground on timber pilings -- long, slender columns of wood anchored deep in the sand. Pilings might appear insecure, but they are strong enough to support the weight of the house. They also elevate the house above storm surges. The pilings allow the surges to run under the house instead of running into it. "These swells of water come ashore at tremendous speeds and cause most of the damage done to beach-front buildings," said Huff.
    Huff designed the timber pilings to be partially concealed by the house's ground-to-roof shell. "The shell masks the pilings so that the house doesn't look like it's standing with its pant legs pulled up," said Huff. In the event of a storm surge, the shell should break apart and let the waves rush under the house, the architect explained.
46. After the tragedy caused by Hurricane Hugo, new houses built along South Carolina's shore line are required________.
   A. to be easily reinforced         B. to look smarter in design
   C. to meet stricter building standards            D. to be designed in the shape of cubes
47. The award-winning beach house is quite strong because________.
   A. it is strengthened by steel rods        B. it is made of redwood
   C. it is in the shape of a shell   D. it is built with timber and concrete
48. Huff raised the house 2.7 meters off the ground on timber pilings in order to ________.
   A. withstand peak winds of about 200 km/hr
   B. anchor stronger pilings deep in the sand
　 C. break huge sea waves into smaller ones
　D. prevent water from rushing into the house
49. The main function of the shell is __________.
  A. to strengthen the pilings of the house
  B. to give the house a better appearance
  C. to protect the wooden frame of the house
  D. to slow down the speed of the swelling water
50. It can be inferred from the passage that the shell should be_________.
  A. fancy-looking       B. waterproof        C. easily breakable     D. extremely strong

Passage Three
Early in the age of affluence that followed World War II, an American retailing analyst named Victor Lebow proclaimed, “Our enormously productive economy ... demands that we make consumption our way of life, that we convert the buying and use of goods into rituals, that we seek our spiritual satisfaction, our ego satisfaction, in consumption. ... We need things consumed, burned up, worn out, replaced and discarded at an ever increasing rate.”
Americans have responded to Lebow’s call, and much of the world has followed.   Consumption has become a central pillar of life in industrial lands and is even embedded in social values. Opinion surveys in the world’s two largest economies—Japan and the United States -- show consumerist definitions of success becoming ever more prevalent.
       Overconsumption by the world’s fortunate is an environmental problem unmatched in severity by anything but perhaps population growth. Their surging exploitation of resources threatens to exhaust or unalterably spoil forests, soils, water, air and climate.
       Ironically, high consumption may be a mixed blessing in human terms, too. The time-honored values of integrity of character, good work, friendship, family and community have often been sacrificed in the rush to riches.
       Thus many in the industrial lands have a sense that their world of plenty is somehow hollow—that, misled by a consumerist culture, they have been fruitlessly attempting to satisfy what are essentially social, psychological and spiritual needs with material things.
       Of course, the opposite of overconsumption — poverty— is no solution to either environmental or human problems. It is infinitely worse for people and bad for the natural world too. Dispossessed peasants slash-and-burn their way into the rain forests of Latin America, and hungry nomads turn their herds out onto fragile African grassland, reducing it to desert.
       If environmental destruction results when people have either too little or too much, we are left to wonder how much is enough. What level of consumption can the earth support? When does having more cease to add noticeably to human satisfaction?
51.   The emergence of the affluent society after World War II ________.
       A. gave birth to a new generation of upper class consumers
       B. gave rise to the dominance of the new egoism
       C. led to the reform of the retailing system
       D. resulted in the worship of consumerism
52.   Apart from enormous productivity, another important impetus to high consumption is _______.
       A. the conversion of the sale of goods into rituals
       B. the people’s desire for a rise in their living standards
       C. the imbalance that has existed between production and consumption
       D. the concept that one’s success is measured by how much they consume
53.   Why does the author say high consumption is a mixed blessing?
       A. Because poverty still exists in an affluent society.
       B. Because moral values are sacrificed in pursuit of material satisfaction.
       C. Because overconsumption won’t last long due to unrestricted population growth.
       D. Because traditional rituals are often neglected in the process of modernization.
54.   According to the passage, consumerist culture ________.
       A. cannot thrive on a fragile economy
       B. will not aggravate environmental problems
       C. cannot satisfy human spiritual needs
       D. will not alleviate poverty in wealthy countries
55.   It can be inferred from the passage that _______.
       A. human spiritual needs should match material affluence
       B. there is never an end to satisfying people’s material needs
       C. whether high consumption should be encouraged is still an issue
       D. how to keep consumption at a reasonable level remains a problem

Passage Four
    When families gather for Christmas dinner, some will stick to formal traditions dating back to Grandma's generation. Their tables will be set with the good dishes and silver, and the dress code will be Sunday-best. freekaob o.com
But in many other homes, this china-and-silver elegance has given way to a stoneware-and-stainless informality, with dresses assuming an equally casual-Friday look. For hosts and guests, the change means greater simplicity and comfort. For makers of fine china in Britain, it spells economic hard times.
    Last week Royal Doulton, the largest employer in Stoke-on-Trent, announced that it is eliminating 1,000 jobs -- one-fifth of its total workforce. That brings to more than 4,000 the number of positions lost in 18 months in the pottery region. Wedgwood and other pottery factories made cuts earlier.
   Although a strong pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the downsizing, the layoffs in Stoke have their roots in earthshaking social shifts. A spokesman for Royal Doulton admitted that the company "has been somewhat slow in catching up with the trend" toward casual dining. Families eat together less often, he explained, and more people eat alone, either because they are single or they eat in front of television; even dinner parties, if they happen at all, have gone casual. In a time of long work hours and demanding family schedules, busy hosts insist, rightly, that it's better to share a takeout pizza on paper plates in the family room than to wait for the perfect moment or a "real" dinner party. Too often, the perfect moment never comes. Iron a fine-patterned tablecloth? Forget it. Polish the silver? Who has time?
　 Yet the loss of formality has its down side. The fine points of etiquette that children might once have learned at the table by observation or instruction from parents and grandparents ("Chew with your mouth closed." "Keep your elbows off the table.") must be picked up elsewhere. Some companies now offer etiquette seminars for employees who may be competent professionally but clueless socially.
56. The trend toward casual dining has resulted in_____.
A. bankruptcy of fine china manufacturers         B. shrinking of the pottery industry
    C. restructuring of large enterprises         D. economic recession in Great Britain
57. Which of the following may be the best reason for casual dining?
   A. Family members need more time to relax.
   B. Busy schedules leave people no time for formality.
   C. People want to practice economy in times of scarcity.
   D. Young people won't follow the etiquette of the older generation.
58. It can be learned from the passage that Royal Doulton is_____.
   A. a retailer of stainless steel tableware         B. a dealer in stoneware
   C. a pottery chain store           D. a producer of fine china
59. The main cause of the layoffs in the pottery industry is_____.
   A. the increased value of the pound    B. the economic recession in Asia
   C. the change in people's way of life   D. the fierce competition at home and abroad
60. Refined table manners, though less popular than before in current social life_____.
   A. are still a must on certain occasions         B. are bound to return sooner or later
   C. are still being taught by parents at home    D. can help improve personal relationships

Passage Five
    Richard Satava, program manager for advanced medical technologies, has been a driving force in bringing virtual reality to medicine, where computers create a "virtual" or simulated environment for surgeons and other medical practitioners.
"With virtual reality we'll be able to put a surgeon in every trench," said Satava. He envisaged a time when soldiers who are wounded fighting overseas are put in mobile surgical units equipped with computers.
The computers would transmit images of the soldiers to surgeons back in the U.S. The surgeons would look at the soldier through virtual reality helmets that contain a small screen displaying the image of the wound. The doctors would guide robotic instruments in the battlefield mobile surgical unit that operate on the soldier.
Although Satava's vision may be years away from standard operating procedure, scientists are progressing toward virtual reality surgery. Engineers at an international organization in California are developing a tele-operating device. As surgeons watch a three-dimensional image of the surgery, they move instruments that are connected to a computer, which passes their movements to robotic instruments that perform the surgery. The computer provides, feedback to the surgeon on force, textures, and sound.
These technological wonders may not yet be part of the community hospital setting but increasingly some of the machinery is finding its way into civilian medicine. At Wayne State University Medical School, surgeon Lucia Zamorano takes images of the brain from computerized scans and uses a computer program to produce a 3-D image. She can then maneuver the 3-D image on the computer screen to map the shortest, least invasive surgical path to the rumor. Zamorano is also using technology that attaches a probe to surgical instruments so that she can track their positions. While cutting away a tumor deep in the brain, she watches the movement of her surgical tools in a computer graphics image of the patient's brain taken before surgery.
During these procedures -- operations that are done through small cuts in the body in which a miniature camera and surgical tools are maneuvered -- surgeons are wearing 3-D glasses for a better view. And they are commanding robot surgeons to cut away tissue more accurately than human surgeons can. Satava says, "We are in the midst of a fundamental change in the field of medicine."

61. According to Richard Satava, the application of virtual reality to medicine _______.
  A. will enable surgeons to be physically present on every battlefield
  B. can raise the spirits of soldiers wounded on the battlefield
  C. will greatly improve medical conditions on the battlefield
  D. can shorten the time for operations on soldiers wounded on the battlefield

62. Richard Satava has visions of_______

  A. using a remote-control technique to treat wounded soldiers fighting overseas

  B. wounded soldiers being saved by doctors wearing virtual reality helmets on the battlefield

  C. wounded soldiers being operated on by specially trained surgeons

  D. setting up mobile surgical units overseas
  63. How is virtual reality surgery performed?
  A. It is performed by a computer-designed high precision device.
  B. Surgeons wear virtual reality helmets to receive feedback provided by a computer.

  C. Surgeons move robotic instruments by means of a computer linked to them.
  D. A 3-D image records the movements of the surgeons during the operation.
  64. During virtual reality operations, the surgeon can have a better view of the cuts in the body   because _____. 网络督察
  A. he is looking at the cuts on a computer screen
  B. the cuts can be examined from different angles
  C. the cuts have been highly magnified
  D. he is wearing 3-D glasses
65. Virtual reality operations are an improvement on conventional surgery in that they _______.
  A. cause less pain to the wounded
  B. allow the patient to recover more quickly
  C. will make human surgeons' work less tedious
  D. are done by robot surgeons with greater precision

Passage Six
    For most thinkers since the Greek philosophers, it was self-evident that there is something called human nature, something that constitutes the essence of man. There were various views about what constitutes it, but there was agreement that such an essence exists -- that is to say, that there is something by virtue of which man is man. Thus man was defined as a rational being, as a social animal, an animal that can make tools, or a symbol-making animal.
    More recently, this traditional view has begun to be questioned. One reason for this change was the increasing emphasis given to the historical approach to man. An examination of the history of humanity suggested that man in our epoch is so different from man in previous times that it seemed unrealistic to assume that men in every age have had in common something that can be called "human nature." The historical approach was reinforced, particularly in the United States, by studies in the field of cultural anthropology. The study of primitive peoples has discovered such a diversity of customs, values, feelings, and thoughts that many anthropologists arrived at the concept that man is born as a blank sheet of paper on which each culture writes its text.
Another factor contributing to the tendency to deny the assumption of a fixed human nature was that the concept has so often been abused as a shield behind which the most inhuman acts are committed. In the name of human nature, for example, Aristotle and most thinkers up to the eighteenth century defended slavery. Or in order to prove the rationality and necessity of the capitalist form of society, scholars have tried to make a case for acquisitiveness, competitiveness, and selfishness as innate human traits. Popularly, one refers cynically to "human nature" in accepting the inevitability of such undesirable human behavior as greed, murder, cheating and lying.
Another reason for skepticism about the concept of human nature probably lies in the influence of evolutionary thinking. Once man came to be seen as developing in the process of evolution, the idea of a substance which is contained in his essence seemed untenable. Yet I believe it is precisely from an evolutionary standpoint that we can expect new insight into the problem of the nature of man.
66. The traditional view of "human nature" was strongly challenged by_____.
  A. the emergence of the evolutionary theory
  B. the historical approach to man
  C. new insight into human behavior
  D. the philosophical analysis of slavery
67. According to the passage, anthropologists believe that human beings_____.
  A. have some traits in common
  B. are born with diverse cultures
  C. are born without a fixed nature
  D. change their characters as they grow up
68. The author mentioned Aristotle, a great ancient thinker, in order to_____.
  A. emphasize that he contributed a lot to defining the concept of "human nature"
  B. show that the concept of "human nature" was used to justify social evils
  C. prove that he had a profound influence on the concept of "human nature"
  D. support the idea that some human traits are acquired
69. The word "untenable" (Line 3) in the last paragraph of the passage most probably means_____.
  A. invaluable      B. imaginable         C. changeable        D. indefensible
70. Most philosophers believed that human nature_____.
  A. is the quality distinguishing man from other animals
  B. consists of competitiveness and selfishness
  C. is something partly innate and partly acquired
  D. consists of rationality and undesirable behavior

Part IV Cloze  (15 minutes, 10 points)
Directions:  For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
In the 52-year history of the United Nations, the General Assembly has held only 19 special sessions.  71  to some of the leading issues of our times, such as the environment, the struggle against apartheid （南非种族隔离）and the economic situation in Africa, those meetings were held at critical junctures,  72  when international attention of the highest  73  was needed.
One  74  special session, in 1990,  75  the question of international drug control. The sad reality today,  76 , is that the problem of illegal drugs remains  77  us, and the trends are not slowing. The result of drug dealings and addiction is a great menace that is  78  our societies, hatching crime, corruption and violence, spreading diseases such as AIDS, and  79  social services to the breaking point. So, it is  80  that the international community mount a  81 , sustained and global response. And the General Assembly will meet again in a special session on drugs, from 8 to 10 June  82  United Nations Headquarters, to renew the attack on  83  must be regarded as a contemporary  84 .
Tragic stories of drug abuse are not  85  but the most disturbing ones are the accounts of children and youths whose lives are being poisoned and destroyed. Recent research shows that children are  86  with drugs at an earlier age than in the past. Young people are more  87  to the perils of experimentation and more easily  88  by images from television and film. Mass media often portray illegal drugs as “glamorous(迷人的)” and drug dealers  89  their wares with luring names such as “ecstasy”. This is just wrong. There is nothing “cool”, nor “artistic”,  90  “charming”, but rather “degenerating”.
71.   [A]. Devoted           [B]. Contributed  [C]. Attributed     [D]. Assigned
72.   [A]. ages      [B]. moments      [C]. epochs        [D]. periods
73.   [A]. class     [B]. type   [C]. category      [D]. order
74.   [A]. of         [B]. such  [C]. some        [D]. out of
75.   [A]. cracked           [B]. attended       [C]. addressed           [D]. tended to
76.   [A]. therefore          [B]. moreover     [C]. however      [D]. additionally
77.   [A]. with      [B]. to      [C]. on     [D]. for
78.   [A]. pulling down    [B]. tearing apart           [C]. letting down           [D]. ruling out
79.   [A]. exploiting         [B]. inflicting      [C]. paralyzing    [D]. taxing
80.   [A]. urgent   [B]. impending    [C]. meaningful   [D]. noteworthy
81.   [A]. concerted        [B]. cooperated   [C]. conformed   [D]. compounded
82.   [A]. in          [B]. at      [C]. on     [D]. about
83.   [A]. that      [B]. which          [C]. what        [D]. which
84.   [A]. irritation           [B]. harass          [C]. raid   [D]. plague
85.   [A]. less       [B]. many           [C]. new  [D]. significant
86.   [A]. experimenting [B]. exchanging   [C]. mixed up     [D]. popular
87.   [A]. vulnerable        [B]. available       [C]. liable           [D]. intact
88.   [A]. shook           [B]. tossed          [C]. fluctuated           [D]. swayed
89.   [A]. label      [B]. appoint        [C]. prescribe     [D]. depict
90.   [A]. no more           [B]. all but          [C]. still less       [D]. nothing more than
Paper Two (60 minutes)

Part I  Translation   (20 minutes, 10 points)
Directions: Translate the following passage into English on the Answer Sheet
中国经济的发展，不仅改善了本国人民的生活，也为世界经济的增长提供了新的动力，为发达国家提供了更多的商业机会。中国是一个潜力巨大的市场，而西方国家技术先进，资金雄厚，两者经济上具有很强的互补性。我们相信，经济全球化将使中国的经济更发达，中华民族灿烂的明天定将到来。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

Part II  Composition          (40 minutes, 20 points)
Directions: Write an article of about 200 words titled ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF USING CREDIT CARDS based on the following outline.
1．  现在发行的信用卡品种繁多；
2．  使用信用卡有各种优势（如：防盗；鼓励消费；实名制消费防贪污受贿），也有不利之处（如：没有ATM系统使用；吞卡；透支；电子犯罪等）；
3．  信用卡的未来趋势。
Answer Sheet

Number___________________

Part I Listening Comprehension  (20 minutes, 20 points)
1. A  B  C  D   2. A  B  C  D   3. A  B  C  D   4. A  B  C  D
5. A  B  C  D   6. A  B  C  D   7. A  B  C  D   8. A  B  C  D
9. A  B  C  D  10. A  B  C  D  11. A  B  C  D  12. A  B  C  D
13. A  B  C  D  14. A  B  C  D  15. A  B  C  D  16. A  B  C  D
17. A  B  C  D  18. A  B  C  D  19. A  B  C  D  20. A  B  C  D

Part II   Vocabulary      (10 minutes, 10 points)
21. A  B  C  D  22. A  B  C  D  23. A  B  C  D  24. A  B  C  D
25. A  B  C  D  26. A  B  C  D  27. A  B  C  D  28. A  B  C  D
29. A  B  C  D  30. A  B  C  D  31. A  B  C  D  32. A  B  C  D
33. A  B  C  D  34. A  B  C  D  35. A  B  C  D  36. A  B  C  D
37. A  B  C  D  38. A  B  C  D  39. A  B  C  D  40. A  B  C  D

Part III  Reading Comprehension      (45 minutes, 30 points)
41. A  B  C  D  42. A  B  C  D  43. A  B  C  D  44. A  B  C  D
45. A  B  C  D  46. A  B  C  D  47. A  B  C  D  48. A  B  C  D
49. A  B  C  D  50. A  B  C  D  51. A  B  C  D  52. A  B  C  D
53. A  B  C  D  54. A  B  C  D   55. A  B  C  D  56. A  B  C  D
57. A  B  C  D  58. A  B  C  D  59. A  B  C  D  60. A  B  C  D
61. A  B  C  D  62. A  B  C  D  63. A  B  C  D  64. A  B  C  D
65. A  B  C  D  66. A  B  C  D  67. A  B  C  D  68. A  B  C  D
69. A  B  C  D  70. A  B  C  D

Part IV  Cloze (15 minutes, 10 points)
71. A  B  C  D  72. A  B  C  D  73. A  B  C  D  74. A  B  C  D
75. A  B  C  D  76. A  B  C  D  77. A  B  C  D  78. A  B  C  D
79. A  B  C  D  80. A  B  C  D  81. A  B  C  D  82. A  B  C  D
83. A  B  C  D  84. A  B  C  D  85. A  B  C  D  86. A  B  C  D
87. A  B  C  D  88. A  B  C  D  89. A  B  C  D  90. A  B  C  D

maowenyuan1	2017-11-05 22:04
z)QyQ 我有北京化工大学考博英语真题和部分专业课内部资料，你可以微信联系我：zhangyun55899791

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