suhuil |
2007-05-12 09:57 |
考博英语写作绝招,需要的看看吧
考博英语写作 N=5a54
!/ rNWw?_H-H( 考博英语写作绝招:各部分万能套用公式 wx=
$2N6 iAEbu&XG 开头万能公式:
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1. 开头万能公式一:名人名言 30#s aGV 有人问了,“我没有记住名言,怎么办?尤其是英语名言?”,很好办:编! TOB-aAO 原理:我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的,包括我们欣赏的文章也是,所以尽管编,但是一定要听起来很有道理呦!而且没准将来我们就是名人呢!对吧? nLZTK&7} 经典句型: [I,Z2G,Jb A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” (适用于已记住的名言) {tuYs: It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. S"bg9o (适用于自编名言) ]___M 更多经典句型: 6
6EV$*dRL As everyone knows, No one can deny that… w7.V6S$Ga 2. 开头万能公式二:数字统计 +ZaSM~ 原理:要想更有说服力,就应该用实际的数字来说明。 9iIhte. 原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的,可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一,但编无妨,只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型: 8yR.uMI$/ According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college K( c\wr\6 students wanted to further their study after their graduation. D[[|")Fn 看起来这个数字文邹邹的,其实都是编造出来的,下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造: ^B.5GK)! Honesty m{Wu"
;e 根据最近的一项统计调查显示,大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。 36&e.3/# Travel by Bike TVtvuvQ2K 根据最近的一项统计调查显示,85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。 i4Q@K,$ Youth 5,lEx1{_ 根据最近的一项统计调查显示,在某个大学,学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。 y{B=-\O] Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work? ~]IOK$1F% 根据最近的一项统计调查显示,98%的人同意每周五天工作日。 .]Y$o^mf 更多句型: 4<w.8rR:A A recent statistics shows that … #>("CAB02T 结尾万能公式: iJ)_RSFK 1. 结尾万能公式一:如此结论 \$~|ZwV{ 说完了,毕竟要归纳一番,相信各位都有这样的经历,领导长篇大论,到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话,我们马上停止开小差,等待领导说结束语。也就是说,开头很好,也必然要有一个精彩的结尾,让读者眼前一亮,这样,你就可以拿高分了!比如下面的例子: y4
#>X Obviously(此为过渡短语), we can draw the conclusion that good }z'8Bu manners arise from politeness and respect for others. T[w]o}>cW 如果读者很难“显而见之”,但说无妨,就当读者的眼光太浅罢了! jE.N ev/ 更多过渡短语: J\}twYty to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus gS!:+G% 更多句型: z3{G9Np Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that… c)6m$5] 2. 结尾万能公式二:如此建议 r..iko]T 如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话,那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了,因为这里虽然也是废话,但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽! ;>U2|>5V Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve ?um;s-x) the problem. ihhDO mUto 这里的虚拟语气用得很经典,因为考官本来经常考这个句型,而如果我们自己写出来,你说考官会怎么想呢? niMsQ 更多句型:
:[.vM Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken. ;RZ ) Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be P8OaoPj taken. p}}R-D&K 写作的“七项基本原则”:一、 长 短 句原则 S1T"Z{$ 工作还得一张一驰呢,老让读者读长句,累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子,相反,却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题: TNT4<5Ol6 As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is D%[mWc@1I to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to k>Is:P satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite ozyX$tp similar. { T/[cu< 如此可见,长短句结合,抑扬顿挫,岂不爽哉?牢记! \i>?q 强烈建议:在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。二、 \Gef \ 主 题 句原则 hk;5w{t}} 国有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感!相信各位读过一些破烂文学,故意把主体隐藏在文章之内,结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾,让读者一目了然,必会平安无事! +qN>.y!Y 特别提示:隐藏主体句可是要冒险的! S3C]AhW; To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully j.[.1G*(" prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, d(ZO6Nr Q you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.三、 ^x ]r`b 一 二 三原则 ~p6 V,Q 领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… a
K[&V't~ 如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚,条理自然。破解方法很简单,只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。 P_^ +A 1)first, second, third, last(不推荐,原因:俗) w?PkO p 2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐,原因:俗) +uF>2b6' 3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐,原因:俗) tH@Erh|% 4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, .fqN|[> lastly(不推荐,原因:俗) .|KyNBn 5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐) U7,e/?a 6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐) -vo})lO
7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐) R`5.[?Dt 8)most important of all, moreover, finally *gb*LhgO 9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况) -
a}Dp~j 10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况) )bL'[h 建议:不仅仅在写作中注意,平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚!四、 短语优先原则 4&lv6`G ` 写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果使用短语,有两个好处:其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点,如果老师们看到你的文章太简单,看不到一个自己不认识的短语,必然会看你低一等。相反,如果发现亮点—精彩的短语,那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路,只有凑字数,怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如: C\3rJy(VJ I cannot bear it. 'T;P;:!\ 可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. HQ_Ok` I want it. v|,1[i{ 可以用短语表达:I am looking forward to it. :wyno#8`- 这样字数明显增加,表达也更准确。五、 多实少虚原则 "m$##X\ 原因很简单,写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西,不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词,少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候,不应该之说nice这样空洞的词,应该使用一些诸如generous, w>&aEv/f humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital dh\'<|\K 之类的形象词。再比如: .[KrlfI 走出房间,general的词是:walk out of the room VR 8-&N 但是小偷走出房间应该说:slip out of the room V]6dscQ *****走出房间应该说:sail out of the room dm0R[[ 7 小孩走出房间应该说:dance out of the room k
PG-hD 老人走出房间应该说:stagger out of the room j?\Qh 所以多用实词,少用虚词,文章将会大放异彩!六、 多变句式原则 a 7V-C 1)加法(串联)
nsC3 都希望写下很长的句子,像个老外似的,可就是怕写错,怎么办,最保险的写长句的方法就是这些,可以在任何句子之间加and, 8U"v6S~A%Q 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说: E?f-wQF I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar. @+2=g WH 如果是二者并列的,我们可以用一个超级句式: rl;~pO5R9 Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. K&]G3W%V 其它的短语可以用: ',@3>T** besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover Ykw*&opz 2)转折(拐弯抹角) <oV(7 批评某人缺点的时候,我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点,然后转入正题,再说缺点,这种方式虽然阴险了点,可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢,我们说话的时候,只要在要点之前先来点废话,注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。 oxA<VWUNT The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. g}{aZ$sta The coat was thin, but it was warm. ;7V%#- 更多的短语: ]
y'>=a|T despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, `p-cSxR_ despite, notwithstanding skVi
Mo 3)因果(so, so, so) E7UU 昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩,然后我主动搭讪,然后我们去咖啡厅,然后我们认识了,然后我们成为了朋友…可见,讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序,先什么,后什么,所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系! Qbn"=n2 The snow began to fall, so we went home. Y eo]]i{ 更多短语: ^"2
J]&x`G then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a *Kgks 4 result, for this reason, so that }2.`N%[ 4)失衡句(头重脚轻,或者头轻脚重) J=I:CD% 有些人脑袋大,身体小,或者有些人脑袋小,身体大,虽然我们不希望长成这个样子,可如果真的是这样了,也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子,就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句的变形。 HC
s?iJ 举例:This is what I can do. a~}OZ&PG Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. 9}<ile7^ 同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分:
xF'EiX ~ When to go, Why he goes away… WiR(;m<g 5)附加(多此一举) J
@1!Oq> 如果有了老婆,总会遇到这样的情况,当你再讲某个人的时候,她会插一句说,我昨天见过他;或者说,就是某某某,如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面,那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。 *C*U5~Zq7: The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. k"iOB-@B+ I don’t enjoy that book you are reading. '8H4shYg Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. N
+_t-5 其实很简单,同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中,但是whom u?(d gJ or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。 |FZ/[9* 6)排比(排山倒海句) %RRNJf}z 文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此,如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话,那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句,一个个得对偶句,一个个的不定式,一个个地词,一个个的短语,如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势! k(G^z Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated R"t,xM or simple, there is plenty in London for you. rcG"o\
g@+ Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such u^I|T.w<r6 as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean <^jQo<kU tides. oY3;.;'bk We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, zL0pw'4 to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏) <=/hil 要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可!七、 挑战极限原则 ,<P
vovg_ 既然十挑战极限,必然是比较难的,但是并非不可攀! :J&oX
<nF^ 原理:在学生的文章中,很少发现诸如独立主格的句子,其实也很简单,只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会,它就是分词的一种特殊形式,分词要求主语一致,而独立主格则不然。比如: 0pd'93C The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb AH7}/Rc the Western Hills. By4<2u38u Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about Ioa$51& three times that of China. .[OUI 如果您可一些出这样的句子,不得高分才怪! bJTBjS-7 文章主体段落三大杀手锏:一、举实例 z$. 88^ 思维短路,举实例!提出一个观点,举实例!提出一个方案,举实例!而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式,任何情况下,只要我们无法继续文章,不管三七二十一,尽管举例子! n 0L^e In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted _Q 4)X)F every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as 6?Ji7F sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance. QlU8uI[dk For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will uHzU-FZ|B ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the r[iflBP seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her. I,vJbvvl! 更多句型: ~=l;=7 T To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, . 3T3EX|G for example二、做比较 5<Nx^D 方法:写完一个要点,比较与之相似的;又写完一个要点,再比较与之相反的; +#@I~u _}D 世界上没有同样的指纹,没有相同的树叶,文章亦同,只有通过比较,你才会发现二者的相同点(through .}~_a76 comparison)和不同点(through contrast)。下面是一些短语: c,+:i1IAy 相似的比较: M%P:n/j in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner j'"J%e] 相反的比较: `Eo.v#< on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, n9ej7oj nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, ^8N}9a …三、换言之 .|i.Cq8 没话说了,可以换一句话再说,让你的文章在多一些字,或者文邹邹地说,是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。 Ean5b>\ 实际就是重复重复再重复!下面的句子实际上就三个字 I love you! B*Dz{a^.: I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you. ;+hH I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love YO}<Ytx with you. 60?%<oJ oH 或者上面我们举过的例子: PIS2
Ed] I cannot bear it. P8/0H(, 可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. p}U ~+:v 因此可以这样说:I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with $c(nF01 it or I am fed up with it. B>P{A7Q 更多短语: vy
:Z /1q in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more t&e{_|i#+ simply
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