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2015-05-08 09:40 |
主语从句,即在复合句中充当主语成分的句子
主语从句,即在复合句中充当主语成分的句子,例如"That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all",他在很短的时间内写完作文让我们都很惊讶,此复合句主要描述的是某事让我们惊讶,某事就是该复合句的主语,因此“That he finished writing the composition in such a short time”便是该复合句的主语从句。
`:G% 引导主语从句的连词主要有: 8g
>b 从属代词:that whether x4#T G 连接代词:who whoever whom whose what whatever which whichever Z_1*YRBY; 连接副词:when where how why l#wdpD a{ .M4IGOvOS 主语从句例句图片 jUqy8q
& U^Tp6vN d 中文名:主语从句 W];EKj,3W 外文名:Subject clause FCc=e{ 解释:合句中充当主语成分的句子 VRW]a 从属代词:that whether qUF1XJZ}z GW2')}g dot主语从句 KIVH!2q; 定义 *V;3~x! 在复合句中充当主语成分的句子叫做主语从句。 /MOnNnV 第一部分 HpexH{.u) 常规主语从句,即句子在复合句中充当一个主语 C6&( c 主语从句是名词性从句,所以它的时态受主句的影响。 4o9$bv (1)That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all. O hR1Jaed (2)Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown. cV
q}c? (3)Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet. <V_7|)'/A (4)Whom we must study for is a question of great importance. []&(D_e" (5)What caused the accident remains unknown. ^i:\@VA: (6)Whatever you did is right. S9Yt 1qb (7)Who the watch belongs to is unknown. $~'T
f>e (8)What we need is time. f8:$G.}i (9)What we need are good doctors. ;~sr$6 名词性从句的时态规则: %TK&)Q% h5 1)、主句谓语动词是现在或将来时,从句谓语动词可以用任何需要的时态。 h#3m4<w(9 I wonder what he is doing now. ibF#$&! Do you know when and where he was born? E:VGji7s I'll write to tell him where I 'll meet him. >v0 :qN7| 2)、主句谓语动词是过去时,从句谓语动词一般需用过去时。 nJVp.*S (1)从句与主句的谓语动作同时发生,从句用一般过去时或过去进行时。 _JOP[KHb I thought that he studied hard. e!o(g&wBj He told me his son was watching TV. YlUpASW (2)从句谓语动作在主句谓语动作之后,从句用过去将来时。 L=7rDW)aa He said he would spend his holidays in Qingdao. M g!ra" (3)从句谓语动作在主句谓语动作之前,从句用过去完成时。 H,>#|F They told me they had waited for me half an hour. "r-l8r, (4)从句如果有表示过去某一具体时间的状语,仍用过去时。 _IYY08&(r She told me her brother died in 1945. s[-]cHQ E8tD)=1 3)客观的条件,从句时态不受丝毫影响。 b]`^KTYK (1)从句说明的是不受时间限制的事实或真理(客观真理)。 5a$$95oL The teacher told us that the earth turns from west to east.
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'}c He said Asia is the largest continent. 98<zCSe\] It was true that water freezes at thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit. <PD|_nZT (2)当从句表示的是反复出现的时态不变。 3Hm7
uBZ She told me that she gets up at six o'clock every morning. >i8~dEbB He asked me when the train usually starts. kGD|c=K} (3)当从句是用来表达解释科技内容时时态不变。 Mx
N]7 ..... 3LrsWAz' (4)当从句的谓语动作仍在继续时,或者表示现在仍在的状态时,时态不变。 WTu{,Q He said that the workers in that factory are trying to fulfill the task in time. EVSK8T, She told me the other day that she is only 10. Mw|SH;nM (5)当从句的动作状态还未发生,要用一般式表示。强调与现在的联系。 /\~W$.c He said he will wait for me this evening.
Y:%"K 小结: s=\7)n=,M (1)引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等 td/5Bmj (2)连词位于句首不能省略 !47A$sQ
(3)主语从句大多数情况下视为第三人称单数,但也有例外,如例(9) X)NWX9^;' 注意:当what引导的名词性分句作主语时,主谓一致问题极为复杂。著名学者周海中教授在论文《关于what-分句作主语的主谓一致问题》中就这一问题做了深入研究,并给出了10种的主谓一致关系。这些一致关系值得英语学习者和使用者特别注意。 ^8\Y`Z0
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R2 `7>K1slQ}S 第二部分 |QqWVelc 为了防止句子头重脚轻,通常把形式主语it放在句首位置,真正主语搁置于句末
4I1K vN<A (1)It is certain that he will win the match. d5q4'6o, (2)It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry. _6J<YQK (3)It is very likely that they will hold a meeting. |Rk37P{ (4)It is strange that he should do that. 5EfY9}dl (5)It is important that we all should attend the meeting. 1YFAr}M (6)It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas. Z#@6#S` (7)It is a pity that we won't be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation. 7ozYq_ $ (8)It is still a mystery what caused the accident. g)nXo:)& | |