nanafly |
2016-03-22 20:17 |
考博英语重点语法:主谓一致关系
考博英语语法要求,主语如果是单数,谓语动词也要用单数形式;主语若是复数,谓语动词也要用复数形式 >6Q-e$GS@ 例如: p0Vw@R= She likes to eat well.她好吃 cng1k
We all like good food.我们都喜欢好饭菜。 \eN }V Everybody was happy with the decision. 人人都对这个决定感到高兴。 .69{GM? I am a doctor.我是个医生。 U@H SU%H (二)概念一致 [xHK^JP 8F 1. And连接的两个或多个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式 ss*dM.b His opinion and mine are different他的观点和我的是不同的。 &TKB8vx=# Bob and Peter are deadly rivals. Bob和peter是死对头。 #fQStO What she says and what she does are totally different. 她说的和做的完全不同。 J:t1W=lJ3 但是如果and连接的是指一个单一概念时,谓语动词用单数。 (i { Bread and milk has been my breakfast for years. 牛奶面包多年来一直是我的早餐。 ZZ.Gp
B. Her lawyer and old friend is going to marry her.她的律师和老朋友要娶她。 < d?O#( All this effort and sacrifice has come to nothing. 所有这些努力和牺牲都白费了。 }z}oVc 由and连接的单数主语分别有many a,ever y,each,no修饰时,动词用单数。 `Dj-(~x 如:During the holidays, every train and every plane was crowded.假期期间每列火车及每架飞机都非常拥挤。 QHK$2xtq| No boy and no girl has the right to refuse education. 男孩和女孩都没有拒绝教育的权利。 B&cC;Hw Man a man and man a woman was moved b this picture。许多男男女女都被这幅画感动。 O>UR\l|+:2 2.如果主语是一个抽象概念(如不定式、动名词、主语从句等)谓语动词用单数形式。如果主语是用and连接的两个或多个抽象概念,谓语动词用复数形式。 -FwOX~s/' 如:Swimming jogging and cycling are all goad farms of sports exercises.游泳、慢跑和骑自行车都是很好的运动形式。 23zB@aE_?1 To live to eat is not a very goad attitude toward life. 活着就是为了吃不是好的生活态度。 gE|_hfm
( To live to eat and to eat to live are very different attitudes toward life. q45Hmz 以what,who,why,haw, whether等wh一词引起的从句做主语时,谓语动词通常用单数;由and连接的两个主句如果指两件事,动词用复数。 S_WYU&8 例如:What he is doing is not clear yet他在干什么还不清楚 U5odSR$ What he is doing and whether I know him are two different things.他在干什么和我是否认识他是两件不同的事。 q'[5h>Pa What she told me is none of your business. 她和我说的什么用不着你管。 G;MmD?VJ g What she told me and what she told you are totally different things. Yz4Q
!tL 以what从句为主语的“主一系一表SVC"句型中,如果主句的表语是复数,主句谓语动词用复数形式;what从句本身是复数意义,主句谓语动词也可用复数。 |.X?IJ` 如:What I need buy now are four tea cups and a pair of sports shoes. Eb[*nWF= 我需要买的是四只茶杯和一双运动鞋。 `|[Q]+Mx What were thought to be five dogs were actually five sheep. h49|x&0
3 被认为是五条狗的东西实际上是五只羊。 >k5nU^|B1 3.集体名词family,class,crew(全体船员或机组人员),crowd, group, committee, audience, government, public, team, staff, population等做主语时,若作为一个整体看待,后面谓语动词用单数; 如就其中每一个成员来考虑时,则用复数。 J;HkR9<C 例如: My family is a big one.我家人多。 [?^,,.Dd My family are all music lovers. 我全家人都爱好音乐。 h#a,<B| Eighty percent of China' s population are peasants. 百分之八十的中国人口是农民。 hvkLcpE China has a huge population. 中国有众多的人口。 %N04k8z The population of China is the largest in the world. 中国的人口是世界上最多的。 Hz `aj People, police, cattle,(牛),militia(民兵),poultry(家禽),vermin(害出)等作主语时,后面的动词要用复数。 7E6gXf. 4.不定代词either,neither,ever y,each,one,the other, another以及所有的复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词只用单数,包括“every/each/no……and every/each/no……”作主语时。 'gI q_t|^ 如:Every/Each plane and every/each pilot is ready to take off. "k[-eFz/@M 每架飞机和每个飞行员都已准备好起飞。 *F[@lY\p No plane and no pilot is ready to take off.
8c3Qd 没有一架飞机、没有一个飞行员已准备好起飞。 A!\g!* Here are two books. Either of them is worth reading. Dyyf%'\M 这有两本书,都值得一读。 [@(M% Neither of these two dictionaries contains this ward. E<y0;l?H< 这两本词典都没收入这个字 B&3oo Everyone is here. No one is absent. 大家都到了,没有人缺席。 xEb+sE6Z Somebody is using the phone. 有人在用电话。 .SzPig I have two sisters. One is here, and the other is not here. 5[suwaJQ 我有两个姐妹,一个在这儿,一个不在这儿。 c6 VfFt6p Each day is better than the one before. 一天比一天好。 *:L-/Q)i Either day is OK. 两天中哪一天都行。 ;6P#V`u 5. what,who,which,any,mare,some,half,mast,all,none.等代词可以是单数,也可以是复数,主要靠意思决定。但指不可数名词时作单数看待。 OeLM*Zi 6.表示时间、重量、长度、价值等的单位名词,尽管是复数形式,如果作整体看待,动词都用单数形式。如果看作组成该数量的一个一个的个体,则动词用复数。 %&w 8E[ 如:Twenty miles is a long way to walk. 走二十英里可是很长的一段路。 w/&)mm{ Ten years is a long time。十年很长。 $R6iG\V5 Eight minutes is enough. 八分钟够了。 vkUXMMuf+e Twelve dollars is too dear. 十二美圆太贵了。 >U. There are six silver dollars in each of the stacking. 每只袜子里有六个一美元的银币。 rKxIOJ ,T 7. “the+形容词”表示一类人时,谓语动词用复数。表示抽象概念或指个别事物时谓语动词用单数。 4IfOvAN% 如:The old are well taken care of. 老人得到很好的照顾。 e
1ts/@V The beautiful is laved by all. 人人都爱美。 j=c=Pe"?u 8. 如果主语由"a kind/sort/type of this kind/sort/type of +名词”组成,不管名词是单数还是复数,动词通常用单数。 b/;!yOF 如:This kind of man annoys me. =This kind of men annoys me. 这种人让我烦。 \A
"_|Yg This kind of apple is very expensive. = This kind of apples is…这种苹果很贵。 3>vSKh1z 类似的还有:a portion of(一部分),a series of(一系列),a pile of(一堆),a panel of (一个小组委员会), V;}kgWc1 如:A series of accidents has happened here. 这里发生过一系列事故。 *WTmS2?'h 9. Means作“方法、手段”讲时,单复数同形,其前面有each, every, neither, either,等单数a念的定语时,谓语动词用单数;若有all, both,these等复数概念的定语时谓语动词用复数。 [=/Yo1:v “None of the means”作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。 _%M+!Ltz 如:There is/are no means of learning what is happening. 没法知道正在发生什么事。
P}kBqMM No means is /are left untried. 没有没试过的方法了。 (h&XtFul} Every means is to an end. 每一种手段都能达到一种目的。 8d4:8} A bicycle is a means of transport. 自行车是一种交通手段。 e8E*Urtz All possible means have/Every possible means has been tried.所有的方法都试过了。 itotn!Wb`
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