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2016-06-21 22:48 |
医学考博英语作文句型之如何表达“有”
基本句型 C$EvcF%1 第一句主题句写完后,第二句往往可以对第一句的概括性内容进行进一步的说明或陈述。陈述的意念很多,句型也很多,现在让我们从最基本的开始。 Z9 tjo1X I.There is / are [There was; There were; There will be; There has been; There have been]+sth. (单数 / 复数) in [at; on] + sth. (表示地方、范围、方面存在或出现某事物,这是一个用途广泛的句型,也是考生容易犯错误的句型) uY=}w"Db 例句: 8I=migaxP 我国每年有100万肿瘤病人未能放疗。 v\ Xk6k In our country there are one million patients with tumor who fail to get radiotherapy every year. zLLe3?8: One million patients with cancer fail to get radiotherapy every year in our country. (此句表达很好。) s&zg!~@5b *There are one million patients with tumor not get radiotherapy every year in our country. ( 此句表达错误) p[-buB] One million patients with cancer do not get treatment every year in our country. 'm+)n08[ 2. 药品器具市场有不少问题。 b7bbrR8 There are many problems in the markets of medications and medical devices. ySwvjP7f Many problems exist in the markets of medications and medical devices. c>RS~/Y *The markets of medications and medical devices have many problems. (not good) /S+gh;2OC The markets of medications and medical devices face many problems. |^E#cI 3. 在健康教育方面,中国与发达国家还有一定的距离。 !B{N:?r There is a certain gap between China and developed counties in health education. t^qPQ;"=, There exists a certain gap between China and developed countries in health education. j*jO809%^ *In health education, China and developed countries have some distance. (此句错误) `7zNVYur8 Health education in China is not as good as that in developed countries. !jxz2Q 4. 我国约有民办医院400多家。 Jm8#M z There are nearly 400 private hospitals in our country. Ni[2
p 5. 没有治愈过敏症的办法。 ISuye2tExq There are no cures for allergies. ye)CfP=ID\ 4#m"t?6! II. 主语(多半为有生命的)+have / has [had; will have; has had; have had]+sth.(表示拥有、具有,用途极广,但不少考生也容易犯错误) :j
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例句: IU`&h2KZ. 1. 人的耳朵有两个功能:听声音和保持平衡。 V{[vIt* The human ear has two main functions: hearing and maintaining balance. 48BPo,nWR 2. 艾滋病有三个特点。
$z~sN AIDS has three basic characteristics [features]. Svo gvn 3. 我国70%~80%的大学生有心理问题。 8*^Q#;^~99 70%~80%of colleges students in our country have mental problems. b_]14 v 4.大多数的吸烟者都有肺部疾病。 K
N;b+`x;M Most smokers have lung problems. ^MesP:[2 5.临床护理专家在日常工作中有四种不同的角色:护理者、顾问、教育者和研究者。 el*C8TWlw Clinical nurse specialists have four different roles in their daily practice: nurse practitioner, counselor, tutor [educator] and researcher. E,nC}
f III. contain sth. / include sth. (表示含有、包括) lk6*?EJ 1. 其他反应还有胃痛、恶心、腹泻和气短。 v(\kSlJ Other reactions include stomach pains, sickness, diarrhea and shortness of breath. \*s'S*~ 2. 他们的血液和体液里都含有大量艾滋病病毒,具有很强的传染性。 Z4/rqU
Their blood and body liquids contain lots of AIDS viruses which are highly infectious. s:UQ~p}"S There are lots of highly infectious AIDS viruses in their blood and body liquids. ~bCn%r2 3. 所以,应选择富有碳水化合物的食物。 zhI} p. Therefore, you should choose foods which contain a lot of carbohydrate. A|V
|vT7cb Therefore, one should choose foods (which are) rich in carbohydrate. c ZN+D D 4. 狗会传播多种疾病,有一些是致人死命的疾病。 9Kw4K#IqQ Dogs can spread many diseases, including some that are deadly to people. )Aa98Eu?2 Dogs can spread many diseases some of which can make people die. gg(^:`+ 5. 一种食物中很难含有全部的维生素。 /s>ZT8vaAs One kind of food can hardly contain all the vitamins. _'k?9eN` It is unlikely to have a kind of food that contains all sorts of vitamins. ANy=f-V 6. 差异可能有个体、宗教、年龄、种族、生活方式、社会经济状况、家庭结构等。 0sq1SHI{ The differences may include individuality, spiritual beliefs, gender, age, race, lifestyle, socioeconomic status, and family structure. 9KVeFl 7. 临床护理专家(clinical nurse specialist) 的作用有临床实践、咨询服务、教学以及相关护理研究成果的应用。 t+k"$zR The role of clinical nurse specialists should include clinical practice, consultation, teaching and the application of relevant nursing research. i8w(G<Y= 实践上,汉语的“有”字,在许多情况下,是不须用have或there is之类的英语词汇表达出来的,例如: \.A~>=: 1. 有的细菌是有害于人体健康的微生物,有的则有益。 <D4.k
M Some bacteria are harmful micro-organisms to our human body, but some are helpful. ^{["]!f# *There are some bacteria are harmful micro-organisms to our human body, there are some are helpful. (此句表达错误) Z'PE^ , Some bacteria are bad for health, but some are good. x"~F=jT 2. 过去几年,农村医疗卫生的形势有了很大的变化。 0s:MEX6w| The situation of rural medical care greatly changed in the past years. nJny9g There were great changes in the situation of rural medical care in the past years. 12aAO|]/~ *The situation of rural medical care had great changes recently. [not good] ;8;nY6Ie The situation of rural medical care witnessed great changes in the past years. "xlf6pm% Rural medical care greatly changed in the past years. .
zvF!!z 3. 导致这种情况的原因,我认为有两点。 =*qu:f\y I think that two reasons resulted in this situation. ?'p`Qv I think there are two reasons leading to this situation. v8,+|+3 4. 好医院应该有什么病人治什么病人。 oYnA 3 A good hospital should treat whatever patients come to it. n
I%0u<=d A good hospital should treat all kinds of patients. gk~.u A good hospital should not refuse any patient. 'Zf_/y 5. 在整个青年期,人的行为都具有很大的盲目性和冲动性。 @D-l_[ In the whole period of youth, a person’s actions are full of blindness and impulse. eb2~$ ,$ In the whole period of youth, a person’s actions are characterized by blindness and impulse. ZebXcT ,41 In the whole period of youth, a person’s actions are often out of blindness and sudden excitement. xA#B1qbw When people are young, they often act blindly and impulsively. JJ q= {; 6. 人类与艾滋病作斗争已经有二十多年了。 9zEO$<e o Man has been fighting against [dealing with] AIDS for more than twenty years. Ttb@98 7. 要让患者在生命的末期没有身体上的痛苦。 afv?z Make sure that patients do not suffer much physical pain at the end of life. 9M:wUYHT We should make patients free of [from] much bodily pain at the end of their life. g
AC} We can free patients of [from] much bodily pain at the end their life. =-~82% +?[TH?2c+ 然而,又有许多情况下,汉语没有“有”字,但英语可以用最基本最简单的have或there is来表达,这一点很值得我们考生注意。
$.(%7[ 例如: (ta!4h, 1. 影响健康的因素很多。 V"*|`z) There are many factors which can affect health. K!"[,=u_ *Many factors can affect health. BbA>1#i5] 2. 基因将会在不同物种之间转移,转基因作物的培育过程中也会发生错误。 EQ8jxr<p There will be movement of genes between species. There will be some mistakes in the development of genetically-modified crops, too. L{ ?& .iA 3. 目前使用的化学物资多达20,000种。 Vc$x?= Currently there are some 20,000 chemicals in use.
FAJ\9 *Currently some 20,000 chemicals are in use. Z$kff-Y4 4. 20%的大学生心理存在严重障碍。 t=NPo+fm 20% of college students have serious mental problems. XL >Vwd 5. 近来许多社区开展了各种各样的健康教育活动。 QK<sibDI Recently there have been a variety of health education activities in many communities. 'ADt<m_$ 6. 过去的一年中,试管婴儿的出生数量大幅飙升。 v$s3f|Y There was a sharp increase in the number of newborn test-tube babies in the past year. oqB(l[%z2 7. 他们个人卫生方面的问题很多。 n'v[[bmu They have many bad habits in personal hygiene. HvN!_}[ There many problems in their personal hygiene. _N$3c<dY' Their personal hygiene is not satisfactory. f%` =>l 8. 治疗药物可分为三大类:抗HIV病毒药物,免疫调节剂和抗感染药物。 thDQ44<#) There are three kinds of treatment drugs: the anti-HIV ones, immunoregulation ones and anti-infective ones. r@f8-!{s2h 9. 该物质什么浓度对人无害,尚不清楚。 q|b#=Af]g There is no known level at which this substances is not dangerous to people. 7f#e#_sM; We do not know which concentration makes this substance harmful to people. E#v}// 10. 手术后无需用药。 ;"-(QE?Mv There will be no need for any medication after operation. t
,M_ 11. 毫无疑问,抽烟有害健康。 rE;*MqYt& There is no doubt that smoking is harmful to health. " JFx 12. 男人的寿命比女人短。 2Hw&}8 Men have shorter lifespan than women. f
<fa+fB Women usually live longer than men. ~ P"@^cq 13. 这个医生对待病人态度亲切。 t>N~PXr This doctor has a pleasant manner towards his patients. a\
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The doctor is kind to his patients. #3>o^cN~8k 14. 乡村一级卫生院医疗质量无法保证,医疗事故更是经常出现。 @)1>ba You cannot have good medical services in village clinics, and there are often medical accidents there. t'|A0r$ The quality of medical services in village clinics is usually poor, and there are often medical accidents there. 0_q8t!<xJw
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