博士考试作文

一、政治类：
把…捐给慈善机构 donate …to charities
把…看成社会公敌 look upon … as a threat to society
把…列为基本国策 list…..as fundamental national policies
把…作为指导 take… as the guide
把理论和实际结合起来 integrate theory with practice …
把握大局 grasp the overall situation
摆脱贫穷落后 get rid of poverty and backwardness
保护妇女权利不受侵犯 guarantee (protect) women’s rights against infringement
采取各种措施 adopt various measures
参政、议政 participate in the management of State affairs
充满信心和力量 be filled with confidence and strength
打破僵局 break the deadlock
打破禁区 break off a forbidden zone
得出结论 draw ( arrive at, come to reach ) a conclusion
锻造一支人民军队 forge a people’s army
对…具有深远的影响 have a far-reaching impact on
对…做出重要(巨大)贡献 make important (great, major )contributions to
反对各种形式的恐怖主义 be opposed to all forms of terrorism
反腐倡廉 combat corruption and build a clean government
高举伟大旗帜 hold high the great banner
给…带来机遇和挑战 present (bring) both opportunities and challenges to
根除 (防止,消除)*** root out (prevent, eliminate) corruption
观察当今世界 observe the present-day world
缓和紧张状况 ease the tension
回顾奋斗历程 review the course of struggle
加快改革步伐 accelerate the speed of reform
加强舆论监督 ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion
坚持改革开放政策 adhere to the reform and open policy
坚持统一，反对分裂，增加 persist in reunification, oppose separation, increase
了解，化解歧见 understanding and iron out differences
减轻农民负担 alleviate farmer’s burden
解放思想 emancipate our minds
解决温饱问题 solve the problem of food and clothing
解决新问题 resolve new problems
进入世界先进行列 edge into the advanced ranks in the world
进入新时期 enter a new period 进行和谈 hold peace talks
进行战略性调整 make strategic readjustment
就…接受妥协 accept a compromise on
开发西部 remake the west
开始生效 go into effect (enter into force)
开拓前进 open up new ways forward
科教兴国 rejuvenate our country through science and education
理顺关系 rationalize the relationship
履行权利和义务 perform the responsibilities and obligations
迈出重要的一步 make an important step
热爱和平 love peace 深化改革 deepen the reform
审时度势 size up the situation
实现发展繁荣 bring about development and prosperity
实现民族独立 realize national independence
实现夙愿 fulfill the long-cherished wishes
实现小康目标 achieve the goal of ensuring our people a relative comfortable life
实现中华民族伟大复兴 bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation
实行新政策 practice new policies
受到全世界广泛关注 attract extensive attention worldwide
缩小差别 bridge (narrow) the gap
完成中华民族的振兴大业 implement the revitalization of our nation
维护世界和平 maintain world peace
吸收各国文明的先进成果 absorb what is advanced in other civilizations
下放权力给 delegate the management of ... (to ...)
响应号召 respond to the call 修改法律 amend the laws
宣布…召开 announce the opening of
徇私枉法 bend the law for the benefit of relatives or friends
依法治国 govern the country according to law
引起全国的关注 arouse the concern of the whole nation
引起全世界广泛关注 attract extensive attention worldwide
赢得一个又一个胜利 win one victory after another
在…中起(至关)重要作用 play a major (crucial, an important ) role in
增强凝聚力 enhance the rally power
增强综合国力和国际竞争 enhance comprehensive (overall) national strength and
international competitiveness
展望伟大征程 look into the great journey
展现生机和活力 display one’s vigor and vitality
战胜无数的困难 overcome numerous difficulties 振兴西部 revive the west
振兴中华民族 rejuvenate (revitalize) our nation
政企不分 mix up the functions of the government and enterprises
政企分开 separate government functions from enterprise management
政务公开 make government affairs public
主张各国政府采取行动 urge governments of all countries to take action
抓住机遇 seize the opportunity
转变政府职能 transform (shift) the government functions
追求进步 pursue progress 追求真理 seek the truth
走进新时代 march (stride) into the new era.
遵纪守法、廉洁奉公 observe the relevant code of conduct and the law and honestly perform one's official duties 遵循规则 follow the principles
二、经济类
爱岗敬业 cherish posts and devote wholeheartedly to work
保持国民经济发展的良好势头 maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy
保持国有股 keep the State-held shares
保证下岗职工的基本生活 guarantee the basic needs of laid-off workers
被指控接受贿赂 be accused of accepting bribes
采取不同的办法 adopt various methods
采取反垄断措施 take anti-monopoly measures 承担风险 bear (take) risk
筹集足够的资金 raise enough funds (capital, proceeds)
创收外汇 earn foreign exchange (currency)
刺激国内经济需求 spur domestic demand
刺激国内需求 stimulate domestic demand
从粗放经济转变为集约经济 shift from extensive economy to intensive economy
从国外引进先进技术和管理 introduce from abroad the advanced technology and management expertise 促进地区间的合作 promote regional cooperation
促进改革 promote reform
促进全球经济一体化 foster integration with the global economy
打黑 crack down on speculation and profiteering
打假 take strong measures against fake and shoddy products (crack down on counterfeit goods) 打破垄断 break the monopoly
对…提出控告(投诉) lodge complaints against…
对…造成(构成)威胁 form (pose) a threat to…
夺回失去的市场 take back lost market
发挥自身优势 give full play to one’s advantages
防范和化解金融风险 take precautions against and reduce financial risks
改善投资环境 improve the environment for investment
赶超先进 surpass the advanced
给…带来积极影响 bring a more positive impact on…
根据市场作出调整 gear ourselves to the market orientation
公证财产 notarize the properties
和…达成(签订)协议 reach (sign) an agreement with
和…进一步合作 further cooperation with
和…有合作关系 have cooperative ties with 活跃市场 enliven the market
集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development
计算出准确的工资水平 figure out an exact salary level
加快经济发展和结构调整 speed up economic development and restructuring
加快竞争步伐 accelerate the competition 加快努力 speed up efforts
加强风险防范 prepare oneself against possible risks
加强管理 reinforce the management
减缓通货紧缩的压力 ease the seriousness of deflation
减轻…的负担 reduce (lighten) the burden of (on)
减员增效 downsize for efficiency; cut payroll to improve efficiency
剪彩 cut the ribbon 解除劳动关系 sever labor relation
解放生产力 emancipate the productive forces (free the productivity)
精简机构 streamline government organs
竟争上岗 compete for the post
举报非法行为 disclose any illegal activities
开辟更多渠道 open more channels
开发(青睐)中国市场 tap (favor) the Chinese market 开拓市场 exploit markets
控制通货膨胀 control inflation (keep inflation under control)
扩大贫富差距 widen the gap between the rich and the poor
扩大消费市场 expand consumption market
留职停薪 retain the job but suspend the salary
面对可能的压力和竞争 face possible pressure and competition
牟取暴利 seek excessive profits 平衡经济(的发展) balance economy
取缔非法收入 ban unlawful incomes (illegal earnings)
让…处于同一起跑线 put… on the same platform and at the same starting point
让位于竞争需要 give way to the need for competition
申请专利 apply for a patent 实现目标 realize the goal
适应…的发展 adapt oneself to the development of
损失惨重 suffer great losses
缩小不平衡状态 decrease the imbalance
缩小…间的距离 narrow the gap between
提高公务员工资 raise the salaries of civil servants
提高管理水平 raise the management level
提高居民生活 improve residents’ standard of living
调整产业结构 adjust the industrial structure
推广科研成果 turn laboratory achievements into commercial (mass) production (commercialize laboratory achievements)
退还大量钱款 give back an amount of money
脱贫致富 cast (shake, throw) off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity
完善服务 perfect services
为…带来多种经济和社会效益　bring multiple economic and social benefits to…
为…提供巨大商机 present huge business opportunities 吸收游资 absorb idle fund
吸引外商投资 attract foreign investment
下海 plunge into the commercial sea
陷入困境 land oneself in deep trouble
向…投资巨额资金 invest huge amounts of money into
消灭假冒伪劣产品 wipe out fake products
以经济建设为中心 focus on the central task of economic construction
以质量求生存、求发展、求效益 strive for survival, development and efficiency on the basis of quality
优胜劣汰 select the superior and eliminate the inferior
优先发展公共运输 give priority to the development of public transportation
有巨大潜力 have huge potential for
与国际市场接轨 integrate with the world market; become integrated into the global market
在…建立分公司 set up branches in
造成很大压力 pose a big pressure on 造成损失 cause a loss to
增加农业投入 invest more in agriculture
占领市场10% occupy (take, account for ) 10 percent of the market
招商引资 attract (bid for, invite) investments (from overseas)
制订…法律 make a law of 制定优惠政策 work out favorable policy
制造假象 create smoke screens to do
阻碍…的经济发展　　 handicap (hamper) the economic development
阻止人才流失 stop the talent flight (brain drain)
遵循市场经济的规律 follow the law of market economy
三、文化生活类
把…列为世界自然文化遗产 list …as a world natural heritage site
摆架子(摆谱儿) put on airs (show off, keep up appearances)
保护文化遗产 protect cultural heritage (relics)
博采各国文化之长 draw on strong point of the cultures of other countries
不注重历史 neglect history
采取保护态度 take protective attitude
承担应有的义务 undertake the due obligations
承前启后，继往开来 build on the past and prepare for the future, inherit the past
and usher in the future
充分发挥知识分子的积极性　　give full play to the initiative and creativity of intellectuals
触击现行法律的盲区 touch a blank area of the existing law
创建卫生城市 build a nationally advanced clean city
辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new (ring out the old
year and ring in the new)
从事电子商务工作 conduct e-commerce
促进儿童身心健康发展 promote the healthy development of children both physically and mentally 促进交流 promote the communication
促进文化市场健康发展 facilitate the sound development of the markets for cultural products 促进相互了解 enhance (further) mutual understanding
得到群众的广泛支持 enjoy grass-root support
抵住…的诱惑 resist the temptation of
对…持欢迎态度 take a welcoming attitude to
对…情有独钟 show special preference (favor) to
发挥…的聪明才智 develop one’s own talents and wisdom
发挥潜力 tap one’s potential
繁荣文学艺术 enable literature and art to flourish promote flourishing literature and art 反映中国的灿烂文化 reflect the rich culture of China
放下架子 relinquish haughty airs (get off one’s high horse, throw off one’s airs)
腐蚀人的灵魂 poison one’s mind 改进教学 improve teaching and learning
给学生减负 alleviate the burden on students
和…持相同观点 share views similar to
互派访问学者 exchange visiting scholars
激发旅游热情 stimulate enthusiasm for traveling
继承历史文化优秀传统 carry on the fine cultural traditions handed from history carry on the fine historical and cultural traditions
加强文化基础设施建设 build more cultural establishments
讲诚信，反欺诈 honor credibility and oppose cheating
交换意见 exchange views (ideas, opinions)
教书育人 impart knowledge and educate people
经受住暴风雨的考验 weather the storm
精心编写教材 compile the textbooks with great care 净化因特网 purify the Net
举办文化节(展览会) hold (conduct, give) cultural festivals (an exhibition)
举行学术会议 hold an academic meeting
开创假日经济 initiate Holiday Economy 开发潜力 exploit one’s potential
开阔视野 widen one’s vision (horizon) 开设课程 offer courses
开展对外文化交流 conduct cultural exchange with other countries
开展群众性文化活动 carry out mass activities on culture
攀登事业的高峰 climb one’s career ladder
评估学业成绩 evaluate academic scores (achievements)
破除迷信 eradicate superstition
普及九年制义务教育 make nine-year compulsory education universal
普及科普知识，传播科学 popularize scientific and technological knowledge, spread
思想，倡导科学精神 scientific thought and advocate the scientific spirit
启发学生 enlighten the students
容纳三千名旅客 accommodate 3000 passengers
扫除文盲 eliminate (wipe out) illiteracy
上网 get on (have access to, be wired to) Internet
实施以德育为核心、以创新 carry on the quality education centering on moral education
精神和实践能力为重点的 and emphasizing creativity and practice
素质教育
使英语达到更高水平 push one’s English to a higher level
受到…的关注 receive attention from 疏导游客 divert tourists
疏通关系 lubricate relationships
树立企业良好形象 foster a good and healthy company image
刷卡, 划卡 punch the card; stamp the card
陶冶情操 cultivate one’s taste (temperament)
提倡文明的生活方式 advocate civilized lifestyle (way of life)
提高公务员的综合素质 improve the overall quality of civil servants
提高全民反毒品的意识 raise the consciousness of the entire people vs. drugs
提高知名度 raise one’s prestige 提供受教育机会 offer a chance of education
通过资格考试 pass qualification examinations
透过现象看本质 see through the appearance to perceive the essence
推动人类文明进步 push forward human civilization
挖墙脚 undermine the foundation of sth. (cut the ground from under sb’s feet)
物质文明,精神文明一起抓 pay equal attention to (place equal emphasis on) the material progress and cultural (ethical) progress
相互促进 help each other forward
向世界展示中国文化建设 introduce China’s achievements of cultural advancement to
的成就 the world 向学生传授知识 impart knowledge to students
消除误解 clear up misunderstanding 消除愚昧 eliminate ignorance
形成文明、健康、崇尚科学 form civilized, healthy and science-upholding social practice
的社会风尚
以全新的面貌进入新世纪 enter the new century with a brand-new colorful look
因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude
引起激烈争论 spark a hot debate 营造良好的文化环境 create a healthy cultural environment 影响身心健康 affect physical and psychological health
有力地推动教育的发展 give a big push to the development of education
与各国人民交往 communicate with people of all countries
增强自我保护意识 strengthen one’s awareness of protecting one’s right
值得重视(关注) deserve one’s attention
制止盗版软件 control the pirated software
重视(优先考虑)教育发展 give priority to the development of education
重视实用性 place stress on practicality
尊重知识，尊重人才 respect knowledge and respect competent people
四、科技环保类
帮助减缓全球变暖速度 help slow down the pace of global warming
保持生态平衡 keep ecological balance
保持水土 preserve soil and water
保护和改善生活和生态环境 protect and improve the living environment and the
保护珍稀野生动植物 protect rare wild animals and plants
保留为自然耕地 reserve as natural farmland
采用环保技术 adopt environmental protection technique
采用新的开采方法 apply new exploitation methods
参加城市重建 participate in the reconstruction of the city
参加环保运动 take part in environmental protection activities
产生巨大的水文效应 produce great hydrological effects
崇尚绿色生活方式 pursue a “green” life
创造良好的生态环境 create a pleasant ecological environment
促进城市可持续发展 promote the sustainable development of the city
发展太阳能 develop solar energy
防治污染 prevent and control pollution
非常注重保护森林 pay great attention to the conservation of forest
改善生态环境 improve the eco-environment (ecological environment)
关闭化工厂 close chemical plants
加大污染治理力度 strengthen pollution control
加强城市绿化 strengthen the greening of the city
加强环境保护 strengthen environmental protection
加强生态建设 improve the eco-construction
加强水土保持 reinforce the conservation of water and soil
坚持门前三包制度 adhere to “the three responsibilities in the gate area”
减少机动车辆 reduce the number of vehicles
减少浪费 reduce waste 揭开人类生命的奥秘 decode the secret of human life
进一步加快环保规划 further speed up environmental protection plans
禁止露天焚烧 prohibit burning out in the open
开展保护野生动物宣传教育 advocate to educate the public the protection of wild animals
开展绿色活动 advocate green activities
扩建管道网络 expand the pipe network
普及环保知识 popularize environmental protection knowledge
窃取密码 snatch password 窃取知识产权 lift intellectual property
实行严格的机动车排放标准 implement strict vehicle emission standards
使电脑死机 crash computers 使用再生纸 use recycle paper
探索…的奥秘 probe the mysteries of
淘汰或改造燃煤锅炉 eliminate or convert coal-burning boilers
提高环境管理水平 raise the environmental management level
提高居民的环保和生态意识 improve residents’ environmental and ecological awareness
提高清洁能源的比重 increase the supply of clean energy resources
投放电脑病毒 unleash viruses
完善城市基础设施建设 perfect the construction of urban infrastructure
为大量野生动植物提供栖息地 provide habitats for a huge number of wild animals and plants
为人类提供水和食物 supply water and food for human beings
享受国家一级保护 enjoy first-class protection of the State
削减污物排放 decrease the disposal of pollutants
抑制传染病的传播 strain the spread of infectious diseases
引发一系列的问题 result in a series of problems
预防爱滋病蔓延 prevent the widespread of AIDS
增强环境意识 enhance the awareness of the importance of (raise the consciousness about) environmental protection 战胜非典 defeat SARS
治理沙地和水土流失问题 tackle the problems of sand and soil erosion
注重节约资源 attach importance to saving resources
五、人口类
不服从父母 disobey their parents
倡导人力资源管理 advocate the management of human resources
调查性和婚姻状况 conduct a survey on sex and marriage
对子女寄予厚望 pin great hopes on their children
反映人们的私生活 reflect people’s private lives
鼓励创建文明家庭 encourage the idea of “Civilized Families”
过孤独的生活 lead an isolated life
坚持计划生育的基本国策 stick to the basic state policy for family planning
进行全国人口普查 carry out national population census
禁止他人作克隆人的实验 inhibit others from doing human cloning experiments
开辟人类历史新纪元 start a new chapter in the history of human
控制人口数量(增长) control the population size (growth)
实现向低出生、低死亡、低 bring about a transition to the modern population reproduction
自然增长的现代人口再生 pattern characterized by a low birth rate, low death rate and
产类型的转变 low natural growth rate
损害人类社会的道德观 damage the morality of human society
缩小代沟 narrow the gap 提倡晚婚晚育 encourage late marriage and late childbirth
提出离婚 ask for a divorce 提高人口素质 improve the population quality
维护和促进人民的生存权 safeguard and promote the people’s rights to subsistence and
和发展权 development
维护***和不断改善***状况 safeguard human rights and steadily improve the human rights
situation 享受优越的生活条件 enjoy good living condition
显示明显的差异 display a marked difference
优化人口结构 optimize the population structure
优生优育 bear and rear better children
占总人口的10% account for 10% of the total population
造成不同的思想和观念 result in a different ideology and concepts
造福人类和科学 benefit mankind and science
正确处理经济发展同人口、 correctly handle the relationship of economic development
资源、环境的关系 versus (with) population，natural resources and environment
征求父母的意见 ask for her parents’ opinion 挣零花钱 earn their pocket money
重视人口老年化问题 pay attention to the problem of an aging population
逐渐削弱长辈的权威 undermine the authority of the older generation
尊重和保障*** respect and guarantee human rights

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