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2017-06-16 23:41 |
南京师范大学考博英语模拟题及其解析
南京师范大学考博英语模拟题及其解析 iCx'`^HnP Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the TU. h United States by applying new social research findings on the tOko %vY8 experiences of European migrants. In his reinterpretation, migration %n}]$
d becomes the organizing principle for rewriting the history of G#%
=R`k/ preindustrial North America. His approach rests on four separate Nq~
bO_-I propositions. FySK& The first of these asserts that residents of early modern England v5$zz w moved regularly about their countryside; migrating to the New World L:^'cl}
G was simply a “natural spillover”. Although at first the colonies (~#PzE:
held little positive attraction for the English — they would rather :!A@B.E
have stayed home — by the eighteenth century people increasingly W4YC5ZH{l migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of Geng duo q{_buTARq yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi ?)PcYrV quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua: si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu 6% ,Q qi ba ,huo jia zi xun qq: qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi opportunity. %Bo Jt-v Secondly, Bailyn holds that, contrary to the notion that used to 3?}SXmA'@ flourish in America history textbooks, there was never a typical New O>>8%=5Q World community. For example, the economic and demographic character uIPR*9~6o of early New England towns varied considerably. kdo)y(fn@ Bailyn’s third proposition suggest two general patterns <St`"H prevailing among the many thousands of migrants: one group came as IWQ8e$N indentured servants, another came to acquire land. Surprisingly, ~gAx Bailyn suggests that those who recruited indentured servants were the Cv=0&S. driving forces of transatlantic migration. These colonial 7)]G"m{ entrepreneurs helped determine the social character of people who 4@Qq5kp
k* came to preindustrial North America. At first, thousands of unskilled & 3a+6!L[ laborers were recruited; by the 1730’s, however, American employers l{3utQH-=z demanded skilled artisans. 2-6-kS)c Finally, Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized lDA%M3
(p hinterland of the European culture system. He is undoubtedly correct RU'J!-w{ to insist that the colonies were part of an Anglo-American empire. I[|I\tW But to divide the empire into English core and colonial periphery, <*\J 6:^n as Bailyn does, devalues the achievements of colonial culture. It is {F4: true, as Bailyn claims, that high culture in the colonies never 5-J-Tn matched that in England. But what of seventeenth-century New England, YUH/tl where the settlers created effective laws, built a distinguished BOG )JaDW university, and published books? Bailyn might respond that New +1y#=iM{ England was exceptional. However, the ideas and institutions ^Ve^}|qPc developed by New England Puritans had powerful effects on North p)ONw"sb American culture. rx"zqm9 }u Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands tEUmED0FY of indentured servants who migrated just prior to the revolution, he F,
"x~C fails to link their experience with the political development of the Z*)<E) United States. Evidence presented in his work suggests how we might uu:)jx i make such a connection. These indentured servants were treated as 1m0':n Vdu slaves for the period during which they had sold their time to American (X9V-4 employers. It is not surprising that as soon as they served their time yV8).4 they passed up good wages in the cities and headed west to ensure their 0b4OJ[ personal independence by acquiring land. Thus, it is in the west that U,=K_oBAq a peculiarly American political culture began, among colonists who =%3nKSg were suspicious of authority and intensely anti-aristocratic. &0g,Xkr 1. Which of the following statements about migrants to colonial (Ka#6
North America is supported by information in the text? +@Y[i."^J [A] A larger percentage of migrants to colonial North America came I?K0b
s+6 as indentured servants than as free agents interested in acquiring
zCHr land. kslN_\ [B] Migrants who came to the colonies as indentured servants were a3;.{6el)H more successful at making a livelihood than were farmers and artisans. @>Keu\) [C] Migrants to colonial North America were more successful at h,x] acquiring their own land during the eighteenth century than during K288&D|1WU the seventeenth century. !A!\S/x4 [D] By the 1730’s, migrants already skilled in a trade were in L3AwL)I more demand by American employers than were unskilled laborers. +HX'A C 2. The author of the text states that Bailyn failed to W(aRO [A] give sufficient emphasis to the cultural and political @m V C interdependence of the colonies and England. u3vmC:bV [B] describe carefully how migrants of different ethnic ^mi4q[PM backgrounds preserved their culture in the United States. H#inr^Xa [C] take advantage of social research on the experiences of $J6.a!5IE colonists who migrated to colonial North America specifically to O@iW?9C+ acquire land. j;)g+9` [D] relate the experience of the migrants to the political values %K"%Qm=Tl that eventually shaped the character of the United States. 1c#'5~nB 3. Which of the following best summarizes the author’s ` a>vPW evaluation of Bailyn’s fourth proposition? ozC!q)j [A] It is totally implausible. Db(_T8sU [B] It is partially acceptable. "ILWIzf.] [C] It is highly admirable. {yR)}r [D] It is controversial though persuasive. R`2A-c 4. According to the text, Bailyn and the author agree on which N;'HR) of the following statements about the culture of colonial New England? T3./V0]\I [A] High culture in New England never equaled the high culture y.
p6%E_` of England. 7Zt\G-Q
V [B] The cultural achievements of colonial New England have -j_I_ generally been unrecognized by historians. toqzS!&.v [C] The colonists imitated the high culture of England, and did xGf
Dz*t not develop a culture that was uniquely their own. c^O#O [D] The southern colonies were greatly influenced by the high br Z,s culture of New England. V<4+g/ 5. The author of the text would be most likely to agree with which 4;RCPC of the following statements about Bailyn’s work? =nx:GT3&[ [A] Bailyn underestimates the effects of Puritan thought on North Wi[m`# American culture. M~Qj'VVL [B] Bailyn overemphasizes the economic dependence of the colonies Xexe{h4t_> on Great Britain. t*d >eK`:N [C] Bailyn’s description of the colonies as part of an tx5T^K7[ Anglo-American empire is misleading and incorrect. ?
[VpN2* [D] Bailyn failed to test his propositions on a specific group yW^IN8fm of migrants to colonial North America. vX0"S [答案与考点解析] vM7v f6 1. 【答案】D U`8|9v 【考点解析】这是一道审题定位题。题干中的“migrants”一词暗示本 D2</^]3Su 题的答案信息在第一段或第三段, 因为这两段的首句都含有“migrants”一 i*CQor6|z 词。又根据题干中的“supported”一词,我们可以推断出本题的答案信息 q|o|/ O-{ 来源应该在原文的第三段,因为作者应该在第三段提出相应证据来“支 b"M`@';+ 持”(supported)自己的观点。通过仔细阅读和理解第三段,尤其是第三段 D!}K)T1~R 的尾句,我们可以推导出本题的正确选项应该是D。考生在解题时一定要有 J+b!6t}mZn 审题定位的能力,更要具备善于理解原文中启承转合所传达的含义。 QW~5+c9JJ 2. 【答案】D /Pn.)Lxfl 【考点解析】这是一道细节理解题。题干中的“failed”一词暗示本题 L;
q)8Pb 的答案信息应该在尾段,因为尾段中含有“fails”一词。根据阅读和理解 :vK(LU0K 首段尾句,我们可以推导出本题的正确选项是D。考生在解题时一定要善于 ?orh JS 理解原文中所传达的中心含义。 -/UXd4S 3. 【答案】B =1*%>K 【 考点解析 】本题是一道归纳推导题。 本题题干中的“Bailyn’s fourth gf3U#L}P proposition”将本题的答案信息来源确定在原文的第四段。通过仔细阅读 G7Z vfLR{: 和理解本段的每一句话,尤其是第二、三句话和四、五句话,我们可以推导 6!+X.+ 出本题的正确选项应该是B。考生在解题时一定要善于归纳和推导原文的内 hB?,7- 容,更要善于体会上下句之间的语意关系。 O:;OR'N9 4. 【答案】A O[IR| 【考点解析】这是一道细节推导题。题干中的“culture”一词暗示本 19F ;oFp 题的答案信息来源在第四段,因为第四段首句包含“culture”一词。通过 K
lli$40 仔细阅读和理解第四段的每一句话,尤其是第四句,我们可以推导出本题的 "[*S?QO(L 正确选项应该是A。 考生在解题时一定要注意原文中重点词语所表达的含义, =Y&9
qt 以及重点词语在选项中的替换形式。 N^h|h 5. 【答案】A t/KcXM 【考点解析】这是一道审题定位题。题干并没有明确指出本题答案信息 d&[iEU 在原文中的准确位置。在这种情况下,考生一定要抓住全文的中心主旨, 以 O`i)?BC 及每段的核心句。本题的答案信息来源在第四段的尾句,这是一个由转折词 _BG8/"h32 “however”引导的句子。通过仔细阅读理解本句,我们可以推导出本题的 -RG8<bI, 正确选项是A。考生在解题时一定要重视原文中表达启承转合的词语,因为 5^i.;>(b 这往往是出题的重点。 `]`=]*d [参考译文] [ rQMD^:M$ Bernard Bailyn最近通过运用关于欧洲移民经历的新的社会研究成果 Dv<wge` 重新解释了美国的早期历史。在他的重新解释中,迁徙成了重写北美前工业 o]Z
_@VI 化历史的重要依据。其主张可分为四个独立的观点。 2E^"r jLm 第一点断言,近代早期的英国居民经常在乡下流动,因此后来他们迁移 (VgNb&Yo9 到新大陆仅仅是一种“自然外流”。 虽然最初时殖民地对英国人没有多少正 (y1$MYZQ 面的诱惑力——他们宁愿留在本土。 到18世纪时, 移往美洲的人数却增加了, A LXUaE. 因为他们将那儿看作是充满机遇的地方。第二,Bailyn认为,和以往美国 ,{k<JA{ 历史教材中惯用的观念相反,从来就没有过一个典型的新大陆社会,例如, r5o@+"! 早期新英格兰城镇中的经济和人口特点就很不相同。 ,-@xq.D Bailyn的第三个观点是,成千上万的移民中最常见的是两种普遍类型: B!eK!B 一组是签约的仆人,另一组是为土地而来。令人惊异的是:Bailyn认为那 1p8:.1)q 些征召签约仆人的人是这种跨越大西洋移民迁徙的推动力。 这些殖民地的企 'gCJ[ ce 业主帮助那些来到前工业化北美社会的人确定其社会属性。起初,成千上万 '%R<" 未受过培训的劳动力被征召,然而到了18世纪30年代,美洲雇主开始需求技 -*?p F_*w 术熟练的技工。 v@VLVf)>9^ 第四,Bailyn提出,殖民地是欧洲文化体系的半开化内地。在坚持殖 J*5hf: ?i 民地是盎格鲁—美利坚帝国的一部分这一点上,他无疑是正确的。但是像 >K\3*]>J3 Bailyn这样,把帝国划分为英国核心和殖民地外围,就贬低了殖民地文化 dUIqD l 的成就。确实,如Bailyn所说,殖民地的高雅文化不能和英国本土的相比。 OY: u',T 但是如何看待17世纪的新英格兰呢?移民者在这儿制定了有效的法律,创建 )1WMlG 了著名的大学,出版了书籍。Bailyn可能会说,新英格兰是个特例。不过, 4R
x~s7l 新英格兰清教徒的思想和组织机构对北美文化有着深远的影响。 Uo~T'mA" 尽管Bailyn不断关注着数万名刚好在革命前夕迁移过来的签约仆人, u t$c)_ 但他没能把这些人的经历与美国的政治发展结合起来。他的书中有证据表 x
A92C 明,我们本来可以建立这样一种联系。在出卖给美洲雇主的时间里,这些签 'xIyGDe 约仆人被看作是奴隶。毫不奇怪,一旦他们服役期满,就会放弃城市里的高 x|8^i6xB 薪而走向西部,通过获得土地来保障个人独立。因此,一种特殊的美国政治 dPsLZ"I 文化开始于西部,那些怀疑权威和强烈反对贵族统治的移民者之中。 S_6g~PHsr
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